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This unit provides an accessible and lively social science account of contemporary Wales. It introduces key aspects of the economy, society, politics and culture of Wales, providing a wealth of up-to-date evidence that is organised around core social science concepts and theories, to help you make sense of a changing nation.

This 1980 photograph looks into Gwent from the Wales - England border. In 1974 Gwent was made a local government through the Local Government Act of 1972. It was abolished in 1996 under The Local Government Act 1994, which reconstructed Wales into twenty two unitary authority areas. Today Gwent continues to exist as a persevered county in Wales, with only minor border changes to reflect present government boundaries. ; https://digitalcommons.ric.edu/smolski_images/1518/thumbnail.jpg

This article examines some of the synergies between Phil Thomas' work and the authors' research into administrative justice in Wales. Like him, they have examined the impact of new rights-based legislation on access to justice, and also share with him an interest in connections between politics, social policy, and access to justice. The article argues that Wales is not yet taken seriously as 'a site in which [administrative] justice is done', and that there remains an 'implementation gap' when it comes to putting innovative social policy into practice. The limited development of an administrative justice culture can hamper the achievement of social and economic justice in Wales; such a culture could be fostered with leadership from the Welsh Government and the Senedd, alongside improved training for administrators, and the potential addition of 'a just Wales' to the well-being goals contained in the Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015.

In dem Text werden Gründe für die gescheiterte Expansionsstrategie des weltgrößten Einzelhandelsunternehmens Wal-Mart nach Deutschland diskutiert. Differenziert werden vor allem 3 Fehlerquellen: So hat Wal-Mart die ökonomischen, politischen und kulturellen Besonderheiten in Deutschland nicht ausreichend beachtet. Zur Erklärung der Situation Wal-Marts in Deutschland wird das Modell des soziologischen Neo-Institutionalismus herangezogen, insbesondere wird auf die Konzepte Legitimität und Isomorphie eingegangen. ; This text aks for the reasons why Wal-Mart had to undo ist expansion-strategy in Germany. Three possible pillars of failure are differentiated. The argument suggests that Wal-Mart did not take seriously economic, political, and cultural German particularities. A new-institutionalist model for explanation is put forward, specifically the concepts legitimacy and isomorphism prove useful for an understanding of Wal-Mart s situation in Germany.

Sustainable Development Commission response to the 'One Wales : connecting the nation : the Wales transport strategy'. Issues raised include road pricing, biofuels, intra Wales air link, increased capacity on the M4, and living within environmental limits. ; Publisher PDF

Aims and method: Recent funding from Welsh Government for mental health has helped to develop liaison psychiatry services in Wales. Systematic data collection was undertaken to map the liaison psychiatry services in Wales in collaboration with the Royal College of Psychiatrists in Wales and Public Health Wales 1000 Lives Improvement. A questionnaire was designed and circulated to all the health boards in Wales to gather information to map liaison psychiatry services in Wales. Up-to-date information was confirmed in January 2018, via email. Results: Over the past 2 years, liaison psychiatry services have been set up in six out of seven health boards in Wales. Staffing levels have increased and the remit of services has broadened. Clinical implications: Mapping has highlighted that liaison psychiatry services in Wales continue to evolve. It will be important to continue to monitor these developments and their effects. Comparison with services in England will provide a useful comparison of service provision. A particular challenge will be to establish and monitor liaison psychiatry standards in Wales. Declaration of interest: None.

The Commission on Justice in Wales concluded that Welsh people are being let down by the England and Wales justice system. It found that the "jagged edged" reservation of courts, probation, prisons, etc alongside devolution of social justice responsibilities does not meet people's needs in Wales. The Commission recommended legislative and executive devolution of responsibility for justice, accompanied by the transfer of financial resources. It also recommended that the law applicable inWales should be formally identified as the law of Wales, distinct from the law of England. Alongside the Justice Commission, our Nuffield Foundation funded research focused on administrative justice in Wales, including studying administrative law and dispute resolution in social housing and homelessness. Administrative justice concerns how bodies providing public services treat people, the correctness of their decisions, the fairness of their procedures and the opportunities people have to question and challenge decisions made about them.Here we present some conclusions and recommendations of our research concerning housing, and how these align with those of the Justice Commission.

English language version of 'Cynaliadwyedd llywodraeth cynulliad : Cymru 2009'. ; The first assessment of the Welsh Assembly government's performance against its Green Dragon targets. ; Publisher PDF

This evidence supports the call for further devolution of powers in Wales, especially those that increase the ability for Wales to tackle poverty. Doing so, our work here evidence that the 10 years of austerity following the election of the Coalition Government of 2010 opened a chasm for rising socio-inequalities for Wales. This chasm has ensured that low-income people and communities in Wales were hit hard because of Covid-19 and during lockdown. In this evidence we call for further devolution of powers that will enable the Welsh Government to provide equitable financial stability for the people of Wales. Our evidence draws on our own primary research and is supported by a wealth of secondary research from academics, activists and civil society organisations who work on the frontline in supporting those in needs across Wales. This evidence discusses the current levels of poverty in Wales and highlights the rising incidence of food bank use as a key identifier. Moreover, the evidence also acknowledges the potential economic impact in Wales as the pandemic dust settles and discusses the attainment (and gaps) of Local Assistance Schemes, furlough, taxation, UC, and the recent £20 uplift. Finally, we end with a significant discussion of evidence surrounding the proposal for a trial of a Universal Basic Income in Wales and discuss the link between this and the Wellbeing of Future Generations in Wales.

This is a comment on the article by Stephen Gay in this volume entitled 'The Choice Between Adoption and Foster Care as Child Protection Responses' It aims to provide a different perspective on the relative merits of adoption and foster care. The article begins in Part I by outlining the historical and legislative context of adoption in England and Wales. Part II offers some observations on several different measures available in this jurisdiction aimed at ensuring that the interests of children are protected, including the Special Guardianship Order, which was introduced in 2005.

A set of 8 recommendations to the Welsh Assembly Government on how they can deliver sustainable development in Wales. ; Publisher PDF

The article scrutinizes the Welsh Government's proposals for a Sustainable Development Bill and examines specifically the nature of the duty that is to be imposed on organizations delivering public services in Wales to incorporate sustainable development into their decision-making. The Sustainable Development Bill is the culmination of the Welsh Government's attempt to discharge this obligation. It is the end point of a number of policy initiatives put forward by the Welsh Ministers aimed at improving the wellbeing of the people of Wales. The notion of sustainable development that the ministers have adopted is very much couched in terms of wellbeing - economic, social, cultural and environmental. Otherwise there is a danger that the duty could be discharged without any visible or tangible impact on sustainable development. The consolidated responses documents recently released by the Welsh Government suggest that many other respondents are also concerned that progress to outcomes' should be assessed.

Sustainable Development Commission submission to the Welsh Assembly Government's consultation on 'Energy Wales : route map to a clean, low-carbon and more competitive energy future for Wales'. Topics covered include Raising awareness, energy efficiency, renewable energy, coal/carbon capture storage, energy infrastructure and reducing carbon dioxide emissions. ; Publisher PDF

This study investigates the funding of popular music education (PME) in Wales at a time when the Welsh government is examining its current Music Service provision. Our research considers the potential impact of this move on PME in Wales, alongside analysis of the availability of state-funded PME across the four UK nations. Music curricula and funding have historically favoured Western art music (WEAM), with PME often happening in more informal settings. However, this situation has changed in recent years, with both state and private funders now providing more support for PME in Wales. Our research includes interviews with both funders and grantees offering PME activities across the country, finding that the terminology used to describe PME varies widely between organizations. We also observe that Welsh organizations face challenges in both applying for, and receiving, funding.

This entry has been realised in the framework of the H2020-MSCA-RISE-2018 project "LoGov - Local Government and the Changing Urban-Rural Interplay". LoGov aims to provide solutions for local governments that address the fundamental challenges resulting from urbanisation. To address this complex issue, 18 partners from 17 countries and six continents share their expertise and knowledge in the realms of public law, political science, and public administration. LoGov identifies, evaluates, compares, and shares innovative practices that cope with the impact of changing urban-rural relations in five major local government areas: (1) local responsibilities and public services, (2) local financial arrangements, (3) structure of local government, (4) intergovernmental relations of local governments, and (5) people's participation in local decision-making. The present entry addresses the structure of local government, in Australia. The entry forms part of the LoGov Report on Australia. To access the full version of the report on Australia, other practices regarding the structure of local government and to receive more information about the project, please visit: https://www.logov-rise.eu/. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 823961.