Suchergebnisse

In this article the author attempts to analyse the power relationships in the Yugoslav society, in post-war historical perspective of development. He is using the difference between power and meta-power as the conceptual framework. The whole development can be demonstrated as the creation of a system by actors who have meta-power and who want to negate their own meta-power by development of self-management. However, the spontaneous developments lead to such social structuring which challenges the established structure of meta^power. The dilemma with which those having meta-power are faced is whether to intervene into the development of the system and thus »come to surface« as the one having meta-power, or leave the development to remain spontaneous and in such a manner endanger their meta-power. Particular attention has been paid to the relationship between an enterprise and the political system as that sphere of the social system where the processes described in this article are shown with great clarity.

Korupcija je problem koji postoji već dugi niz godina, ali se u zadnje vrijeme o tome više govori i piše u medijima i društvu. U prošlosti na korupciju se gledalo kao na normalnu pojavu, dok se danas ona ipak osuđuje i pokušava spriječiti. Korupcija je zloupotreba ovlasti radi stjecanja privatne koristi. Dvije temeljne podjele su na administrativnu ili birokratsku korupciju i političku. Iako svi misle da je mito jedini oblik korupcije, postoje još mnogi oblici kao što su sukob interesa, nepotizam i klijentelizam. Mnogi se pitaju zašto dolazi do korupcije? Razlozi su mnogobrojni. To mogu biti ekonomski, politički, moralni ili neki drugi razlozi. Naravno, postoje različite teorije koje različito definiraju razloge zbog kojih se javlja korupcija. Korupcija je loša pojava i negativno utječe na čitavo društvo zato što građani gube povjerenje u vlast i korupciju doživljavaju kao normalnu pojavu. Kako bi se korupcija spriječila potrebno je imati dobar zakonodavni okvir, učinkovite institucije u borbi protiv korupcije, aktivno građanstvo, svijest o štetnosti i sankcije za počinitelja korupcije. Stanje u Republici Hrvatskoj s korupcijom nije baš dobro, naime ona je među korumpiranijim državama Europske Unije, unatoč brojnim nastojanjima da se suzbije i spriječi. ; Corruption is the problem that exist a lot of years, but lately this problem is more involved in the media and society. In the past, corruption was a normal thing, but today corruption is condemned and tries to prevent. Corruption is the abuse of power for private gain. Two main types of corruption are administrative (bureaucratic) and political corruption. Although everyone thinks that bribe is the only type of corruption, there are a lots of other forms like conflict of interest, nepotism and clientelism. People are wondering why comes to corruption. There are many reasons. It could be economic, political, moral or some other reason. Of course, there are many theories differently explaining reasons of corruption. Corruption is a bad phenomenon and has a ...

Nakon uvoda autor obrađuje četiri teme: 1. osnutak, svrha i oblik pastoralno- informativnoga lista Crkva na kamenu, 2. četiri dosadašnja razdoblja lista Crkva na kamenu (komunističko razdoblje, razdoblje demokratskih izbora, Domovinskoga rata te poraća), 3. sadržajna strana Crkve na kamenu i 4. komunikacijski stav prema čitateljima i stav čitatelja prema Crkvi na kamenu. U zaključku se ističe kako je ovaj list od 1980. godine, kada ga je osnovao mostarsko-duvanjski biskup i apostolski upravitelj trebinjsko-mrkanski mons. Pavao Žanić, pa do sada odigrao veliku vjersku, povijesnu i kulturološku ulogu u Crkvi i društvu te da mu je trajna zadaća prinos boljitku života ljudi u društvenim i kršćanskim zajednicama na temelju Dekaloga, evanđeoskih i crkvenih zasada. ; After the introductory part the author analyzes four topics: 1. establishment, purpose and form of pastoral-informative newspaper Crkva na kamenu (Church on the rock), 2. four past periods of the newspaper Crkva na kamenu (communistic period, period of democratic elections, Croatian War of Independence and after-war period), 3. content side of the newspaper, 4. communication attitude to readers and readers' attitude to Crkva na kamenu. The conclusion points out that this newspaper since 1980, when it was founded by the bishop of Mostar-Duvno and Apostolic Administrator of Trebinje-Mrkan Mons. Pavao Žanić, till now has played a great religious, historical and cultural role in the Church and society and that its permanent task is contributing to the benefit of people in social and Christian communities on the basis of Decalogue, evangelical and Church foundations.

Autor polazi od stava da je za kritičko razumijevanje postsocijalizma (kojeg uvjetno određuje kao stanje i proturiječni procesi u Istočnoj Europi nakon demokratske revolucije) i njegovih razvojnih perspektiva upravo primjeren koncept civilnog društva. Upućuje na tri različite društvene struje koje su doprinjele obnovi problematike civilnog društva: neoliberalizam, postmarksizam i disidentski građanski otpor totalitarizmu. Zatim utvrđuje pojam civilnog društva, u smislu koji je dobio u novovjekovnim teorijama prirodnog prava. Na tom tragu precizira vlastito određenje ovog pojma kao analitičkog oruđa za analizu socijalizma i postsocijalizma. Kad je riječ o socijalizmu ukazuje na stalnu napetost između države i neautonomnog ali »realnog socijalističkog društva«, u kome se uvijek iznova javljaju klice autonomne civilne sfere. Na kraju raspravlja o (ne)ispunjenju tri temeljne pretpostavke civilnog društva u aktualnim postsocijalističkim procesima na europskom Istoku, uključujući Hrvatsku i Jugoslaviju. ; The author expresses the opinion that for a critical understanding of postsocialism (which he conditionally defines as the situation and contradictory processes in Eastern Europe after the democratic revolution) and its development perspectives, the most adequate is the concept of civil society. He indicates three different social currents which contributed to the renewal of the civil society issue: neoliberalism, post-Marxism and the dissident civil opposition to totalitarianism. He then determines the concept of civil society within the meaning it had obtained in the modem theories of natural law. Following this line of thought he specifies his own definition of this concept as an analytical means for studying socialism and postsocialism. When it is a question of socialism, he indicates the constant tension between the state and unautonomous but »real socialist society«, in which new seeds of the autonomous civil sphere keep appearing over and over again. Finally, he discusses the non-fulfilment of the three fundamental pre-suppositions for civil society in contemporary postsocialist processes in the European East, including Croatia and Yugoslavia.

Civilno društvo je prostor između obitelji, države i tržišta gdje se građani udružuju radi promicanja zajedničkih interesa. Širenjem značenja Europske unije uloga civilnog društva i njegov međuodnos s EU razinom postaje sve značajnije pitanje. Rad tematizira civilno društvo u kontekstu europeizacije. Europeizacija se koristi kao »termin kišobran« koji pokriva mnoštvo značenja u terminima socijalnog, političkog, kognitivnog, pa čak i teritorijalnog, stoga najprije utvrđuje njezino značenje. Prikazuju se procesi i mehanizmi europeizacije civilnog društva. Uzimajući u obzir ključne razvoje zadnjih desetljeća kao i koncept horizontalne politike, raspravlja se o kontekstu europeizacije civilnog društva. Međuodnos europeizacije i civilnog društva sagledava se kroz različite pristupe i načine međusobnog odnošenja civilnog društva i razine EU u aspektu vladavine i politika. Tim analizama omogućuje se pogled u dosege europeizacije civilnog društva i preispitivanje jesmo li na pragu nečega što možemo nazvati »Europskom unijom civilnog društva«. ; Civil society is the space between the family, the state and the market where citizens come together to promote their common interests. By expanding the importance of the European Union, the role of civil society and its interrelationship with the EU level becomes increasingly important issue. The paper deals with civil society in the context of Europeanization. Europeanization is used as an »umbrella term« that covers a multitude of meanings in terms of social, political, cognitive and even territorial meanings. We present the processes and mechanisms of Europeanization of civil society. Taking into account the key developments in the last decade as well as the concept of horizontal policies, the author discusses the context of Europeanization of civil society. Interrelationship of Europeanization and civil society is reviewed from the perspective of different approaches and ways of mutual relations of civil society and EU level from the aspect of governance and policy. This analysis allows a glance at the scope of Europeanization of civil society and examinations of the question whether we are on the threshold of something that we can call "The EU of Civil Society".

Etička je obveza liječnika da budu upoznati s trenutnim dostignućima. Stručne medicinske udruge. poput Europskog kardiološkog društva (ESC), podupiru te vrste obveze. Troškovi stalnog medicinskog usavršavanja (SMU) u Europi su nedovoljno pokriveni od vlade i poslodavaca, ali ipak se stučne udruge kritiziraju zbog primanja alternativne financijske potpore od strane industrije. Medicinska edeukacija i osposobljavanje u području istraživanja uključuje obuku procjene kvalitete i pouzdanosti bilo koje informacije. Postoje realne opasnosti neobjektivne pristranosti kod bilo kojeg oblika znanstvene komunikacije uključujući intelektualnu, stručnu i financijsku, i izrazito je važno da se to uoči i razotkrije. Neophodna je bliska suradnja bazičnih i kliničkih istraživača iz akademskih institucija s jedne strane, te s druge strane s inženjerima i znanstvenicima istraživačkih odjela za medicinske uređaje i farmaceutskih tvrtki. Ona je ključna za razvoj novih dijagnostičkih metoda i postupaka. Promidžba industrijskih inovacija može ubrzati njihovu primjenu u kliničkoj praksi. Sveučilišta, u ovom trenutku, često potiču svoje akademsko osoblje na zaštitu svog intelektualnog vlasništva ili na komercijalizaciju svojih istraživanja, što samo po sebi ne predstavlja komercijalnu aktivnost niti predstavlja veze koje su postale meta kritika. Pod kritikom je uočeni utjecaj komercijalnih tvrtki na donošenje kliničkih odluka ili na poruke koje prenose stručne zdravstvene organizacije. Ovaj dokument donosi stav ESC o aktualnoj raspravi te savjetuje kako smanjiti komercijalni utjecaj u znanstvenoj komunikaciji i na SMU te kako osigurati odgovarajuće etičke standarde i transparentnost u odnosima između medicinske struke i industrije. ; Physicians have an ethical duty to keep up-to-date with current knowledge. Professional medical associations such as the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) support these obligations. In Europe, the costs of continuing medical education (CME) are insufficiently supported from governments and employers; however, medical associations have been criticized for accepting alternative financial support from industry. Medical education and training in research include learning how to assess the quality and reliability of any information. There is some risk of bias in any form of scientific communication including intellectual, professional, and financial and it is essential that in particular, the latter must be acknowledged by full disclosure. It is essential that there is strong collaboration between basic and clinical researchers from academic institutions on the one hand, with engineers and scientists from the research divisions of device and pharmaceutical companies on the other. This is vital so that new diagnostic methods and treatments are developed. Promotion of advances by industry may accelerate their implementation into clinical practice. Universities now frequently exhort their academic staff to protect their intellectual property or commercialize their research. Thus, it is not commercial activity or links per se that have become the target for criticism but the perceived influence of commercial enterprises on clinical decision-making or on messages conveyed by professional medical organizations. This document offers the perspective of the ESC on the current debate, and it recommends how to minimize bias in scientific communications and CME and how to ensure proper ethical standards and transparency in relations between the medical profession and industry.

Radom se promatra odgojni pristup djetetu kao društveno pitanje koje je određeno općim socijalnim, gospodarskim, ekonomskim i političkim trendovima u društvu. Odgoj je nemoguće promatrati kao fenomen izoliran od razvojnih tendencija društva u cjelini. Analizira se oblikovanje suvremenoga pedagoškog pristupa usporedno s promjenama političko-ekonomskoga okruženja. Time se pokazuje kako svako socijalno ustrojstvo stvara sebi prikladan odgoj. U tome smislu ne možemo govoriti o univerzalno poželjnom odgoju, već o kulturološki prikladnom odgoju. Izbjegavanjem se vlastitoga pedagoškog centrizma omogućuje objektivniji uvid u realne praktične trendove razvoja pedagoškoga koncepta, što posljedično dovodi do njegova kontinuiranog razvoja. U radu se tako sveobuhvatno napominje i cjelovitost svih pozitivnih obilježja i eventualnih manjkavosti suvremenoga pedagoškog pristupa. Cilj je takvoga razmatranja uočavanje karakteristika aktualne pedagoške paradigme objektivnom percepcijom njezinih obilježja kako bi se sustavno korigirala i razvijala na dobrobit djece kojima je primarno namijenjena. ; The paper discusses educational approach to a child as a social matter that is determined by general social, economic and political trends in the society. Education is impossible to perceive as a phenomenon isolated from developmental tendencies of society as a whole. The paper analyses contemporary pedagogical approach in parallel with changes in the political and economic environment. This demonstrates how every social structure develops education for itself. In this sense, we cannot speak of a universally acceptable, but culturally appropriate education. Avoiding pedagogical centrism leads to a more objective insight into real practical trends in the development of pedagogical concept, which consequently leads to its continuous development. The paper comprehensively discusses the entirety of all positive features and possible shortcomings of contemporary pedagogical approach. The aim of such consideration is to explore the characteristics of the current pedagogical paradigm through objective perception of its features, in order to systematically correct and develop it for the benefit of the children it is primarily intended for.

The question of the legal nature of the European Union (hereafter: the EU) has been left unanswered to date. Determining the legal nature is important for predicting the consequences, limits and ways of action of any organization, including the EU. Today, the EU is most often defined as a sui generis organization. Given the limited analytical value of the term sui generis, it is important to determine its content. For this purpose, it is necessary to analyze, along with the political aspect of the community, the formal and legal ones, which includes the analysis of federal, international and other elements contained in the legal and political system of the EU. Also, a comparison between the formal and political elements of the EU and a typical federal society such as the United States of America will be made, with the aim of determining the specific features of the EU which prevent it from being called "the United States of Europe". The most prominent definitions of the EU offered by prominent theorists will be briefly addressed in this article.

Od Teorije pravednosti do Prava narodâ liberalizam Johna Rawlsa razvija se od individualizma do jednog specifičnog oblika tzv. »komunitarističkog liberalizma«. U Teoriji Rawls će govoriti o pojedincu i njegovoj dužnosti izbjegavanja rata (građanskom neposlušnošću) dok će u Pravu narodâ govoriti o društvu i dužnosti dobro uređenih naroda na pokretanje rata ako su ugrožena ljudska prava. Prva je perspektiva individualna i miroljubiva, dok je druga društvena i ne čini se baš pacifističkom. Prva kao da je protumačena iz perspektive običnog građanina liberalne ustavne demokracije, dok je druga više nalik tumačenju nekoga tko ima moć. U tom razvoju Rawlsova liberalizma intrigira potencijalni sukob između pojedinca i društva što je osobito uočljivo u njegovu shvaćanju odbijanja sudjelovanja ili opravdanja sudjelovanja u ratu. ; From the Theory of Justice to the Law of Peoples liberalism of John Rawls develops from individualism to one specific form of the so¬called "Communitarian liberalism". In the Theory Rawls discussed the individual and his duty to avoid war (civil disobedience), while in the Law of Peoples he discussed society and the duties of well¬organized Nations to launch war if human rights are endangered. The first perspective is individualistic and peaceful, while the other is more social and does not seem too pacifist. The first seems interpreted from the perspective of an ordinary citizen of liberal constitutional democracy, while the other is more like an interpretation from someone who holds the power. In that development of Rawls' liberalism, what is intriguing is the potential conflict between individuals and society, which is particularly evident in his understanding of refusal to participate or justification to participate in war.

Analizira se suradnja javne uprave i organizacija civilnog društva u procesu odlučivanja. Snaženje koncepta regulacijske države mijenja ulogu javne vlasti u procesu odlučivanja. To se posebno očituje kroz širenje broja akera koji sudjeluju u izradi politika i odluka. Europska unija razvija mogućnosti i načine putem kojih razne organizacije civilnog društva imaju priliku dati svoje mišljenje o donošenju određene odluke. Republika Hrvatska pokušava slijediti taj trend definiranjem odredbi o postupcima savjetovanja sa zainteresiranom javnošću i uspostavljanjem mehanizama suradnje s organizacijama civilnog društva i drugim akterima na izradi zakona, drugih propisa i akata. Također se analiziraju formalne mogućnosti i stvarna participacija civilnog društva u postupcima savjetovanja sa zainteresiranom javnošću te odnos s javnom vlasti u izradi odluka. Analiziraju se instrumenti savjetovanja sa zainteresiranom javnošću u EU-u i Hrvatskoj. Upozorava se na određene probleme u regulaciji i provedbi instrumenta te se predlažu rješenja za poboljšanje. ; The strengthening of the regulatory state concept in recent decades has changed the role of public authorities in the decision-making process, rendering them just one of the many different participants involved in policy-making and the decision-making process. As regulation became their primary function, public authorities began to emphasise the quality of the decision-making process and the decisions it engenders in order to encourage the establishment of a suitable environment for economic development. Therefore, supranational organisations and many countries are implementing regulatory reforms in an attempt to create better regulation, and in the context of these reforms they are using instruments of civil society participation in decision-making. As a result of various circumstances, creating relations with civil society based on cooperation and partnership is often a relatively slow and gradual process, yet progress is notable. The European Union is constantly evolving opportunities and ways in which various civil society organisations can convey their opinions about the adoption of certain decisions at the EU level. Croatia has also, particularly over the last seven years, tried to follow this trend by defining the legal provisions and procedures of public consultations, and by establishing mechanisms for cooperation with civil society organisations and many other stakeholders in the drafting of laws and other regulations. The paper analyses the role of civil society and the opportunities for public consultations in the European Union and Croatia. The analysis results indicate progress as well as problems. The author suggests improvements with regard to the cooperation between civil society and public administration in public consultations.

Članak obrazlaže potrebu eksplicitnoga uključivanja civilnoga društva u Rawlsov sustav političkog liberalizma. Članak identificira tri problema u Rawlsovu sustavu i tada kroz definicije civilnoga društva Keanea, Taylora, Gellnera i Rosenblum izlaže mogućnosti njihova rješavanja. Prvi je problem onaj stabilnosti demokratskih sustava, koji je Rawls riješio uvođenjem preklapajućeg konsenszusa. Rawls, ipak nije dostatno objasnio dinamiku interakcije između razložnih doktrina, čime je ostavio prostor za gubitak potpore trenutnoj političkoj koncepciji pravde u slučajevima u kojima politički predstavnici previše često ignoriraju stavove razložnih doktrina. Drugi je problem onaj nerazložnih doktrina: Rawls planira da ih se riješi uobičajenim pravnim mehanizmima, ali ne elaborira kako se mogu nadzirati njihove aktivnosti. Posljednji je problem onaj stvaranja i mijenjanja javnoga uma, u kojem Rawls ne daje dostatne načine na koji javnost može utjecati na odluke zakonodavaca, sudstva i državnih dužnosnika. Esej identificira elemente definicija civilnoga društva koji rješavaju ova tri problema i zaključuje da bi Rawlsov sustav bio ojačan uključivanjem civilnoga društva. ; The essay argues for explicit inclusion of civil society into Rawls's system of political liberalism. It identifies three problems in Rawls's system and then using the definitions of civil society by Keane, Taylor, Gellner and Rosenblum presents the opportunities for their solution. The first problem is the one of stability of democratic systems, which Rawls solved by introducing overlapping consensus. The essay argues that Rawls does not sufficiently account for the dynamics of the interaction between reasonable doctrines, which can conceivably result in the withdrawal of support for the current political conception of justice if the citizens' representatives too often ignore the views of too many reasonable doctrines. The second problem is the one of unreasonable doctrines: Rawls plans that they be kept under check by legal mechanisms, but does not elaborate on how their activities can be supervised. The final problem is the one of the (re)creation of public reason, in which Rawls offers insufficient means through which the public can influence the actions of law-makers, the judiciary and state officials. The essay identifies the elements of the definitions of civil society that address the three problems and concludes that Rawls's system would be made stronger by the introduction of civil society.

The 11th Annual Assembly of the Croatian Cartographic Society (CCS) took place at the Hall of the Faculty of Architecture, Geodesy and Civil Engineering, Kačićeva 26 in Zagreb on March 15, 2013. The assembly was led by Prof. Dr. Miljenko Lapaine, the president of CCS.At the beginning Assist. Prof. Dr. Dražen Tutić, the Vice-Dean for education and students greeted everyone in behalf of the Faculty of Geodesy. Afterwards, in the first unofficial part, Colonel Dr. Mladen Pahernik held keynote lecture Military Cartography at Croatian Military Academy.After the lecture there was a discussion during which Dr. Pahernik gladly answered to all given questions. Afterwards, the president of CCS awarded the colonel a monograph Topographic maps on the territory of Cro­atia. Then the president of CCS started the official part of the Assembly with a proposal of agenda:1. Approval of agenda2. Approval of the previous assembly minutes3. President's report about work in 20124. Financial report for 20125. Report of the Supervisory Board6. Work plan for 20137. Financial plan for 20138. Awarding CCS acknowledgments9. Miscellaneous ; Jedanaesta godišnja skupština Hrvatskoga kartografskog društva (HKD) održana je 15. ožujka 2013. s početkom u 12 sati u Vijećnici AGG fakulteta, Kačićeva 26 u Zagrebu. Skupštinu je vodio prof. dr. sc. Miljenko Lapaine, predsjednik HKD-a.Najprije je doc. dr. sc. Dražen Tutić, prodekan za nastavu i studente u ime Geodetskog fakulteta pozdravio sve nazočne. Zatim je u prvom, neslužbenom dijelu, pukovnik dr. sc. Mladen Pahernik održao pozvano predavanje Vojna kartografija na Hrvatskom vojnom učilištu.Nakon predavanja razvila se rasprava u kojoj je dr. Pahernik rado odgovarao na postavljena pitanja. Nakon rasprave predsjednik HKD-a je u znak zahvalnosti pukovniku uručio monografiju Topografske karte na području Hrvatske. Zatim je predsjednik HKD-a otvorio službeni dio godišnje skupštine prijedlogom dnevnog reda:1. Utvrđivanje dnevnoga reda2. Ovjera zapisnika s prethodne Skup­­štine3. Izvještaj predsjednika o radu u 2012. godini4. Financijski izvještaj za 2012. godinu5. Izvještaj Nadzornog odbora6. Plan rada za 2013. godinu7. Financijski plan za 2013. godinu8. Dodjela Zahvalnica HKD-a9. Različito

U nekim slučajevima, državna, regionalna i lokalna uprava ne prepoznaju baštinu kao nešto važno. Zato je važno imati razvijeno civilno društvo koje može preuzeti tu ulogu. U ovom diplomskom radu obrađuje se tematika civilnog društva te upravljanja baštinom. U uvodnom dijelu rada opisan je pojam baštine te civilno društvo i organizacije civilnog društva koje su njegov integralni dio. U glavnom dijelu rada analizira se povijesni razvoj dviju zaklada iz Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva, a to su: National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty i English Heritage. Prikazano je kako su se te zaklade razvile u vrlo velike organizacije koje danas imaju značajnu ulogu pri zaštiti i upravljanju baštinom te pri kreiranju raznih kulturnih politika. Prikazana je njihova vrlo duga povijest djelovanja, kao i izuzetni rezultati te različita iskustava na polju upravljanja baštinom u raznim povijesnim kontekstima. U završnom dijelu rada ukratko je prikazan i povijesni razvoj udruge Društvo prijatelja dubrovačke starine iz Republike Hrvatske koja ima iskustvo od gotovo sedam desetljeća na području zaštite i upravljanja baštinom na dubrovačkom području. Glavni zaključak rada je da je najveće postignuće ovih triju entiteta civilnog društva, zasigurno, uspješno zaustavljanje propadanja mnogih baštinskih resursa koji su sačuvani za buduće generacije. ; In some cases, state, regional and local authorities do not recognize heritage as something of importance. Therefore, it is important to have a highly developed civil society that is capable to take on that role. The main subjects of this master's thesis are civil society and heritage management. In the introductory part of the paper the notion of heritage is depicted. Also, civil society and the organizations that are their integral part are described. The main part of the paper analyses historical development of two charities from the United Kingdom. These are: National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty, and English Heritage. It is described how small ...

Razvoj digitalne tehnologije otvorio je vrata novim mogućnostima stvaranja i prenošenja informacija u različitim oblicima uz pomoć digitalnih medija. Civilno društvo sve češće preuzima i javne usluge koje država prestaje ili više ne uspijeva pružati te je svojevrsni korektiv državnim institucijama, osobito kada su one slabe i nedjelotvorne. Takve društvene promjene stavljaju pred građane i civilno društvo velik izazov. Internetski mediji, posebno društvene mreže, zahvaljujući mogućnosti interaktivne komunikacije na određen način utječu na razvoj političkoga aktivizma kod građana. Pomak od konvencionalnih medija (novine, televizija) na nekonvencionalne (internet) omogućava decentralizaciju komunikacije, otežava kontrolu i restrikcije i čini informacije te razmjenu mišljenja i stavova široko dostupnima. Tako se građanima preko društvenih mreža pruža prilika da sudjeluju u javnome diskursu, iznose mišljenja i stavove te raspravljaju o političkim i društvenim pitanjima. Nekada viđeni samo kao pasivni konzumenti, gledatelji postaju aktivni sudionici kao građani – izvor informacija (Perišin, 2004), što uvelike utječe na interakciju među građanima i razvoj kritičnoga mišljenja. Napredak tehnologije i razvoj društvenih mreža, također, omogućavaju lakše umrežavanje te poticanje razvoja određenih građanskih inicijativa. Time se ujedno otvaraju nove mogućnosti jačanja potencijala organizacija civilnoga društva za mobilizaciju građana za sudjelovanje u društveno korisnim programima i projektima, kao i općenito prostor podrške razvoju civilnoga društva. Svrha je ovoga rada istražiti kako upotreba internetskih medija odnosno društvenih mreža utječe i potiče razvoj građanskoga aktivizma i civilnog društva. ; The evolution of digital technology has opened the door to new means of creating and passing information in various forms with the help of new media. Civil society often takes over public services that the state does not or cannot provide, and serves as a sort of corrective for state institutions, especially if the institutions are weak or ineffective. Such social changes are a great challenge to citizens and civil society. Due to their potential for interactive communication, online media, and particularly social networks influence the development of political activism. The transition from conventional media (newspaper, television) to unconventional (internet, social networks) enables the decentralisation of communication, hinders restrictions and control as well as makes the exchange of opinion and information widely accessible. Through social networks, citizens are allowed to participate in public discourse, present their opinions and thoughts, and discuss political and social matters. Once seen as pure passive consumers, the viewers now become active participants as citizens – the source of information (Perišin, 2010), which has a great impact on the interaction between citizens as well as the development of critical thought. The very advancement of technology and the evolution of social networks enable easier networking and encourage certain civic initiatives. This in result opens up new possibilities for the strengthening of the civic initiative's potential for citizen mobilisation towards participating in socially beneficial programs and projects as well as opening up new space for the support of civil society. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the use of Internet media, i.e. social networks, affect and stimulate the development of civic activism and civil society.

Ovaj rad pokušava razjasniti na koji način i do koje mjere savjetodavna tijela, konkretnije Europski gospodarski i socijalni odbor (Odbor), suštinski pridonose upravljačkim procesima u Europskoj uniji (EU) i legitimnosti donošenja odluka. Pored općenitog priznanja kako su savjetodavna tijela koristan izvor informacija i stručnog znanja, rijetki su ozbiljniji pokušaji da se rasvijetle mehanizmi djelovanja savjetodavnih tijela EU-a. Doprinos ovog rada u tome je što rasvjetljava dodanu vrijednost Odbora. Autor primjenjuje diskurzivni institucionalizam i taksonomije legitimnosti kako bi objasnio funkcionalni razvoj i karakter Odbora te zaključuje da se Odbor tek u manjem opsegu posvećuje utjecanju na konačne zakonodavne prijedloge u EU-u (poglavito oko tema javnih politika u kojima raspolaže specifičnim znanjima, administrativnim i idejnim kapacitetima), a više profiliranju sebe kao "mostobrana" prema EU-u za organizacije civilnog društva (OCD). Čini to tako što djeluje poput deliberativnog foruma i kao nišna institucija koja se posebno specijalizirala za izgradnju civilnog društva, posredovanje i održavanje dobrih odnosa s OCD-ima u zemljama članicama, kandidatkinjama i trećim zemljama. Konačno, Odboru se otvara nova prilika da prenosi glas civilnog društva na europsku razinu i utječe na procese socio-ekonomskog upravljanja u EU-u, i to kroz procedure takozvanog Europskog semestra. ; This article attempts to clarify the modalities and degree to which advisory bodies, exemplified by The European Economic and Social Committee (EESC), are capable of contributing to European Union (EU) governance processes and legitimacy-building in a meaningful manner. Besides acknowledging their contribution via provision of information and technical expertise, serious inquiries into the mechanisms through which EU advisory bodies operate are scarce. In that sense, this paper strives to elucidate the added value of the EESC. The author applies discursive institutionalism and legitimacy taxonomies to explain the functional development and character of the EESC. The paper concludes that the EESC seems to have focused to a lesser extent on influencing EU legislative initiative (dominantly on the public policy items in which the EESC disposes of the highest specific expertise, and administrative/ideational capacities), and more on promoting itself as the bridgehead of organised civil society in the EU. It does so through its deliberative working methods and by detecting topical niches through which the EESC specializes in building civil society, mediating between civil society organisations (CSOs) and the EU, and nurturing decent relationships with CSOs on Member State, candidate country and third country levels. Finally, a novel window of opportunity has opened for the EESC to transmit the voice of civil society to the EU level and to influence EU socio-economic governance, namely through the procedures of the so-called European Semester.