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The article analyses European experience of managing waste that impacts public health. It demonstrates that accumulation of waste poses a global threat for public health and environment in most of the countries. It is noted that people living close to disposal fields increasingly develop major health conditions including lung, brain, stomach and bladder cancer and more and more children have birth abnormities. The paper reviews major EU regulatory documents concerning waste management – directives, regulations, decisions and action plans. ; Проект № 2016-2592/001-001, 574826-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE, при финансовой поддержке Европейской Комиссии

Purpose: To rethink the concept of waste management in the context of the transition to a circular economy, to assess, establish the features and determine the directions of testing foreign experience in the field of waste management in Kazakhstan. Design/Method/Approach: The theoretical approach is based on a generalization of existing research, on the materials of content analysis of existing modern sources in the field of circular economy. Also, the study was carried out by selection, systematization of facts and data, abstraction, generalization to identify the problems of waste processing in Kazakhstan and search for their solutions. Findings: The waste management system is one of the conditions for the implementation of the "green economy", which is due to the insufficient degree of development of practical approaches to the topic of processing production and consumption waste. One of the driving factors contributing to the efficiency of the waste management system is the awareness and understanding of the theoretical and practical essence and goals of "green" categories, such as a circular model of production, processing technologies, financing instruments, etc. All this is aimed at solving problems associated with environmental pollution. The main factors hindering the development of the waste management system are mostly internal factors, including personal ones. Theoretical Implication: It has been substantiated that Kazakhstan needs a complete formation of a waste management system, taking into account the possibility of using world experience and improving the practice of the existing market for the sale of secondary resources. In addition, the issue of updating the activities of information companies to attract public attention to this problem was considered. Practical Implications: The results achieved can be used in various regions of Kazakhstan to attract the attention of local representative bodies, the public to the problem of waste management, which is one of the important components of the circular economy in the context of the development of a "green economy". Social Consequences: Achievement of certain results in the field of rational and effective waste management leads to minimization of their negative impact on the environment. Originality/Value: The originality of the article lies in the fact that it considers the problems of the weak functioning of the waste management system today in a more systematic way. Research Limitations/Future Research: Prospects for further research are related to the continuation of the analysis of the problems of forming a waste management system and the search for ways to solve them. Paper type: Theoretical

Issues concerning waste management in Russia became especially relevant during the 1990's with the ensuing restructuring of the industrial sector, when certain components of cyclic production and recycling of materials – which were available during Soviet times – simply ceased to exist. For many years there were no appropriate government programs that could combine an economically feasible approach with environmentally oriented technologies. This article presents the results of a study based on expert interviews on the subject of modernizing Russia's waste management industry throughout the years 2014-2017. The lineup of experts consisted of specialists in various fields: nonprofit organization employees, environmental activists, researchers in the field of humanitarian and natural sciences, businessmen, government officials, professional environmentalists and engineers. The interview carefully examines environmental modernization issues in various fields: legislation, economics, environmentally oriented technologies, where particular emphasis is laid upon resolving social issues and institutional problems with developing this sector. Experts have noticed a positive dynamic in the modernization of the waste management industry during recent years (2010-2017). However, certain omissions are apparent in every area, which must be promptly rectified in order to comply with modern requirements when it comes to stable development and environmental protection. In the field of legal support there is no clear functional allocation of responsibilities among those parties participating in legal interaction. The field of institutional management lacks a chain of stakeholders fit for a waste-free economy. Social policy and labor market structure in the waste management industry are also not fully developed. The project "Clean country", as well as the functionality of territorial models in the field of waste management in Russia, bears special relevance. Non-profit organizations have offered to assume the role of the main resource, together with the business sector, which is in need of legal and economic support on behalf of the government in the form of well thought-out legislative framework, which would consider the interests of all parties participating in decision-making. As for actions which need to be taken immediately, it is essential to reduce the negative impact of waste on the environment.

Waste printed circuit boards make a complex recyclable material containing 15-20% Cu, 0.005-0.03% Au, 0.03-0.29% Ag, and therefore they can be of potential interest for Russian non-ferrous metals industry. Even though waste printed circuit boards (WPCB) fall under the category of radio and electronic waste, its chemical composition and sources of origin differentiate such scrap from the standard radio and electronic waste, which mainly come from computer components and electronic devices designed for military application. The authors of this paper look at the aspects of WPCB generation and collection while drawing a comparison with foreign markets. They offer a supposition that Russia may be behind the developed regions (EU in the first place) in terms of the WPCB collection levels. Two approaches are offered on how to narrow the gap: on the basis of electronics and home appliances consumption history estimate how much scrap can be generated in theory; and consider the amount of electronic waste generated to estimate the potential generation of WPCB. The results of the study helped estimate the potential generation and collection of WPCB in Russia. The relevant collection coefficient was calculated on the basis of the analysis results. A comparison with the markets in the developed (Scandinavian) countries indicates that it wouldn't be impossible to scale up the WPCB collection and recycling in Russia. The authors conclude that the scrap collection can be increased. So far only a small amount of scrap has been recycled, and the most part of it is stored at solid waste landfills causing environmental pollution. © 2019, "Ore and Metals" Publishing house. All rights reserved.

Рассмотрен знаковый факт возврата ФГУП «НО РАО» к «национальной идее» ядерного могильника на Новой Земле как следствие гипертрофированного, возможно, чувства особости, самодостаточности и приоритетности российской атомной отрасли. Своевольный возврат к ранее признанной ошибкой идее без публичного опровержения прежнего заключения РАН и решения Минатома означает, что «Национальный оператор» испытывает серьезные трудности при собственном надежном обосновании способов и мест геологической/финальной и других видов изоляции радиоактивных отходов, при этом частично игнорируя/искажая общепризнанную зарубежную методологию. Ситуация дополнительно осложнена мировым экономическим и политическим кризисом. Трудности для всех типов могильников можно экономично и объективно преодолеть, привлекая горный, геологический и материаловедческий опыт, а также ресурсы извне Росатома. ; There is considered an emblematic fact of going back to the "national idea" of a nuclear final storage facility on Novaya Zemlya made by the Federal State Unitay Enterprise "National Operator for Radioactive Waste Management" as a result of a probably exaggerated sence of specialness, self‐sufficience and priority of Russian atomic branch. The self‐willed return to the idea, earlier conceded to be a mistake, without a public refutation of previous conclusion of the Russian Academy of Science and Minatom decision implicates that the "National Operator" has a hard time of reliably proving itself the ways and sites for geological/ final and other kinds of isolation of radioactive waste, furthermore it partially ignores/ distorts the recognized international methodology. The situation is additionally complicated by the world economic and political crisis. Difficulties for all types of final storage facilities can be objectively and efficiently mastered by using the experience of mining, geology and material sciences as well as resources external to Rosatom.

The regulatory and legal framework, a review of internationally coordinated standards and recommendations, delicts and responsibilities in the sphere of utilization, recycling and processing of wastes are considered. The ecological and legal issues of utilization and processing waste according to the experience of foreign countries and the European Approach to use of waste were studied. Legal advice on advancing the use of waste in the Republic of Uzbekistan was given.

Предложена новая модель для автоматизации решения задач управления потоком отходов, основанная на методах интервально-параметрического линейного программирования (ИЛП), которая учитывает основные операции обращения с отходами. Общий подход может быть применен к широкому спектру природоохранных задач ; The model for automation of the waste flow control was proposed. It grounded on the methods of interval-parameter linear programming and was developed according to the requirements of the legislation of Ukraine. The general approach is applicable to a wide range of environmental problems

The article touches upon the problem of a new legislative provision of legal regulation in the field of waste management ; Рассматриваются вопросы нового законодательного обеспечения правового регулирования обращения с отходами

The article presents experience of different countries in promoting separate collection of waste. The purpose of the article is to summarize the scientific conclusions of Russian and foreign scientists in the field of household waste management. The author provides an overview of current scientific publications from Russian and foreign sources on the methods used in different countries to stimulate separate collection of household waste, successful results and problems of implementation, directions of waste management policy. The study evaluates the methods of stimulating separate collection in different countries. The policy of household waste management in Western Europe, the USA and Japan receives a high scientific assessment, the principles of stimulating sepa rate collection are enshrined in legislation. New in the practice of separate waste collection is the search for cost-effective and most environmentally friendly technologies. In the countries of Eastern Europe, changes in traditions and organization of housing and communal services are required to meet the high standards of developed countries. Some countries are implementing separate waste policy elements. China is seeking a comprehensive incentive for separate collection. The scientific assessment of international experience can be used in the formation of a comprehensive waste management policy in Russia. ; В статье представлен опыт разных стран по стимулированию раздельного сбора мусорных отходов. Цель статьи – обобщение научных выводов российских и зарубежных ученых в области управления обращением с бытовыми отходами. Приведен обзор актуальных научных публикаций из российских и зарубежных источников о применяемых в разных странах методах стимулирования раздельного сбора бытовых отходов, успешных результатах и проблемах внедрения, направлениях политики обращения с бытовыми отходами. Дана оценка методам стимулирования раздельного сбора в разных странах. Политика обращения с бытовыми отходами в Западной Европе, США и Японии получает высокую научную ...

The problem of utilization of waste treatment facilities every year becomes more acute for many urban, rural settlements in Russia. Over the years near their territories, numerous sludge–infested sludge plots, tailing dumps, dumps, and quarries were formed. Their presence significantly affects the living conditions of the population, environmental safety in the regions. The purpose of this paper is a comparative description of the method for disinfecting sewage fecal waste and a device for utilization of sludge from sewage treatment plants. Precipitation formed in the process of wastewater treatment in the form of excess silt, although they are of value due to the content of a number of organic components, but do not have a permanent composition. This, in turn, requires certain compliance with the processing conditions for use as fertilizers in obtaining agricultural products. In sediments, heavy metals are often found. Getting into the soil, they can adversely affect plants, animals and humans, the natural environment in general. Meanwhile, the introduction of various composts into the soil or production on their basis is one of the ways to solve the problem of getting rid of the huge amount of waste that accumulates in populated areas. The soil is enriched with nutrient macro- and microelements and organic substances. Utilization of precipitation in the form of fertilizers in agriculture will reduce the costs of mineral fertilizers to 600–1000 rubles/ha. To regulate the introduction of sewage sludge into the soil, taking into account the requirements of environmental safety, it is necessary to introduce a system of legislative acts.

Раздел "Международное право" - рубрика "Сравнительное правоведение" ; Законодательство ряда стран мира, регулирующее обращение с радиоактивными отходами, представляет значительный интерес и для Республики Беларусь. В статье предпринята попытка проанализировать законодательство Финляндии и США по вопросам охраны окружающей среды в области хранения и утилизации радиоактивных отходов. Автор рассматривает возможности создания специального органа, ведающего вопросами утилизации, поиска и учреждения мест захоронения радиоактивных отходов, что может позволить Республике Беларусь избежать ошибок других стран. = Legislation of several countries of the world which regulates radioactive waste handling is of considerable interest, especially, for the Republic of Belarus. The author tries to analyze the legislation of Finland and the USA on issues relating to environmental protection in the area of storing and utilisation radioactive waste. The author considers a possibility to establish a special body, which would be responsible for recycling issues, the search and setting up radioactive burial ground; it would permit the republic to avoid other states' mistakes.

This article is devoted to the consideration of legal aspects related to the of production and consumption waste management. Given the dynamic development of modern society, issues related to the preservation of the environment become more relevant. The priority task of the state is to control the level of anthropogenic load on the territory s. The main instrument for monitoring and regulating this process is legal regulation. The problem of waste can be effectively solved by Tat'yana Z. Dzhandubaeva technical, economic, organizational means, but the law plays the most important role in the mechanism of production and consumption waste management. The increasing trend of the growth of pollution of the environment by production and consumption wastes implies the need to update the legislative framework. The dynamic development of legal regulation should be one of the priorities of the state, but the existing contradictions in the legal framework cause a number of difficulties. In order to ensure compliance with the requirements of the current environmental legislation, it is necessary to develop all available tools of the mechanism for environmental protection from pollution by production and consumption wastes, but the legal direction will be a priority. Competent legal regulation is the main instrument for minimizing the negative impact on the territory. ; Данная статья посвящена рассмотрению правовых аспектов, связанных с обращением отходов производства и потребления. С учетом динамичного развития современного общества вопросы, касающиеся сохранения окружающей среды, становятся все более актуальными. Необходимость контроля уровня антропогенной нагрузки на территорию представляет собой приоритетную задачу государства. Главным инструментом отслеживания и регламента этого процесса является правовое регулирование. Решение проблемы отходов может эффективно осуществляться техническими, экономическими, организационными средствами, но важнейшую роль в механизме обращения с отходами производства и потребления играет право, которое должно установить четкий механизм правового регулирования данного процесса. Постоянно усиливающаяся тенденция роста загрязнения окружающей среды отходами производства и потребления предполагает необходимость обновления законодательной базы. Динамичное развитие правового регулирования должно быть одним из приоритетных направлений деятельности государства, однако имеющиеся противоречия нормативно-правовой базы вызывают ряд сложностей

Окружающая среда природных и урбанизированных территорий ; Проанализировано обращение с медицинскими отходами, изменения в законодательстве Республики Беларусь в сфере обращения с медицинскими отходами, применяемые технологии обезвреживания данных отходов. Анализ данных показал, что в нашей стране количество медицинских отходов, поступивших на обезвреживание за период с 2013 г., увеличилось примерно в 7 раз к 2017 г., что связано с введением в действие установок по обезвреживанию медицинских отходов в городах Минск и Витебск. В тоже время количество отходов, поступающих на захоронение, также возрастает в связи с обязательным требованием по раздельному сбору этих отходов и недопущению захоронения их совместно с коммунальными отходами. ; The paper analyzes the treatment of medical waste, changes in the legislation of the Republic of Belarus in the field of medical waste management, applied technology neutralizations this waste. Analysis of the data showed that in our country the number of medical waste received for disposal during the period from 2013 increased by about 7 times by 2017, that is connected with introduction in action installations for the neutralization of medical waste in the cities of Minsk and Vitebsk. At the same time, the amount of waste entering the landfill also increases due to the mandatory requirement for separate collection of these wastes and prevention of their burial together with municipal waste.

The existing environmental legislation prescribes compulsory professional training or additional professional education required for working with waste of hazard classes I-IV. At the moment, the existing legal acts regulating the organization of professional training for the right to work with waste are morally outdated. ; Существующее природоохранное законодательство предписывает обязательное прохождение профессионального обучения или получение дополнительного профессионального образования, необходимых для работы с отходами I-IV классов опасности. На данный момент времени существующие нормативно-правовые акты, регламентирующие порядок организации профессиональной подготовки на право работы с отходами, морально устарели.