Suchergebnisse

Environmental Science and Engineering; Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management; Geoecology/Natural Processes

Taking over 10 years to develop, the new EU Water Framework Directive is the most significant legal instrument in the water field to emerge from Brussels for some time and will have a profound effect on how water is managed in Europe over the next 25 years. The book outlines its basic features. It explains how the current approach to water management will have to change in order that European Member states and those countries currently in accession negotiations can meet the requirements of the directive, describing a number of examples of current practices as possible systems which could be used in the new approach. The concept of river basin management is outlined, and the potential institutional problems associated with implementing such a system are discussed including the problems associated with cross-border river basins, a common situation in Europe. Examples of existing river basin authorities and international collaboration are given as possible models. The directive requires the establishment of programmes of measures to improve water status. Some countries already use such a concept, and examples are quoted. As a result of its implementation, the directive aims to achieve good water status in all natural surface waters and groundwater in 15 years. For surface waters, the definition of 'good' is based on a new concept of 'ecological quality' taking into account biology, chemistry and their physical features. For groundwater, it includes quantitative status. The approach taken is an integrated one which has to consider all the naturally occurring and human factors which affect the waters. The difficulties of interpretation of the new concept of 'ecological water status' are discussed and some of the examples of current biological and chemical classification schemes that are used in Europe are examined. The directive also alters the way in which pollution is to be controlled - the 'combined' approach. This concept is explained. The EU Water Framework Directive: An Introduction is an invaluable source of guidance on the implementation of the Water Framework Directive for all those concerned with water management including water quality planners and scientists, pollution control and environmental staff in the water and wastewater industries and environmental regulators who all have to adapt to the new approach to their work. Contents Introduction The EU Water Framework Directive Principal Obligations of the Directive Implementation of the Directive Ri ...

ABSTRACTAlthough wetlands are referred to in the statement of purpose of the Water Framework Directive and in the objectives for groundwater status. there are few further references to Member States'obligations towards them in the body of the Directive or its annexes. This paper (a) describes wetlands and their functions, and argues that they play an essential role in aquatic systems, (b) explains the place of wetlands within the Directive, and (c) advocates approaches to implementation in the UK which will ensure maximum human and ecological benefit.

The water consumed by humans should have no negative impact on their health. In 1998, the European Council adopted Directive 98/83/EC of3 November 3, 1998, on the quality of water intended for human consumption, aimed at protecting public health. The directive considers the standards for drinking water and the conditions for providing the EU population with clean and healthy water. Clean drinking water supply is inextricably related to the state of surface water. The Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union, which entered into force on December 22, 2000, addresses the issues of establishing a framework for protecting all waters (inland surface water, transitional, coastal and groundwater). This EU Directive considers both chemical aspects of water protection, and also its environmental aspects, such as flow regime, composition and abundance of aquatic organisms. EU countries pay much attention to surface water monitoring and related studies. Surface water monitoring requirements are different in different EU countries and may even vary within one country. Considerable monitoring efforts were made as part of Eurowaternet, or Eionet. For transboundary waters, a United Nations Economic Commission for Europe manual was issued. ; "Interaction of Environment and Human Health: Experience of the European Union", with the reference number 2016-2592 / 001-001, 574826-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE Содержание данного материала отражает мнение авторов, Европейская Комиссия не несет ответственности за использование содержащейся в нем информации

AbstractMonitoring is an important aspect of any procedure that seeks to determine whether a technique has worked effectively. The river restoration process is no different. Unfortunately, monitoring is often not undertaken due to constraints on time and resources, as well as the commonly held belief that river restoration is inherently a good thing and, as a result, monitoring is unnecessary. There are many reasons to monitor projects and among the most important is the need to learn from experiences and for regulatory compliance. This paper examines the issues associated with the monitoring of river restoration schemes. In particular, it details monitoring selection models focusing on those associated with ecology and geomorphology. The paper also considers the requirements of monitoring schemes that will help deliver the goals of the Water Framework Directive (WFD).

Nanomaterials are particles in the nano-scale that may be manufactured, occur naturally or be produced unintentionally through processes such as combustion. This article focuses on nanomaterials that are a designed product of a deliberate manufacturing process, commonly referred to as 'engineered' nanomaterials (ENM). The scale of application of nanomaterials is very broad with ENM used in a wide range of industrial sectors, including healthcare, agriculture, transport, energy, materials and information and communication technologies. Concentrations of substances manufactured by man in the environment have been found to increase in direct proportion to their use in society. Therefore, increasing environmental exposure to ENM in surface waters, air, groundwater and soils, as well as human exposure via the environment are expected.
While Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) deals with the manufacturing and import of chemicals, the Directive 2000/60/EC establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (hereafter WFD) aims to reduce and minimise the concentrations of dangerous chemicals in European waters. In a Communication published on 3 October 2012 entitled the 'Second Regulatory Review on Nanomaterials', the European Commission made a specific reference to the WFD, noting that "revisions of the selection process for priority substances under the water legislation [..] incorporating various nanomaterial aspects, are already being pursued." In this article, the authors review the procedures for identifying priority substances under the WFD and consider whether they can capture nanomaterials. The authors also consider whether techniques are available to allow for monitoring nanomaterials in surface waters and review data from modelling exercises that estimate concentrations of nanomaterials in EU waters.

International audience ; With the new Water Directive the European Union has given a new dimension to environmental monitoring. It is now necessary to follow and account for the ecological and chemical status of aquatic ecosystems. This status should improve with the objective of "good status" in 2015 for all waters of Member States. Such a regulation will lead to an intensification of chemical contaminants control and has important metrological implications. In order to ensure the comparability of data, it appears necessary to develop internationally validated standard methods and to organise intercomparison exercises for analytical laboratories.

International audience ; With the new Water Directive the European Union has given a new dimension to environmental monitoring. It is now necessary to follow and account for the ecological and chemical status of aquatic ecosystems. This status should improve with the objective of "good status" in 2015 for all waters of Member States. Such a regulation will lead to an intensification of chemical contaminants control and has important metrological implications. In order to ensure the comparability of data, it appears necessary to develop internationally validated standard methods and to organise intercomparison exercises for analytical laboratories.

In this chapter, first the raison d'etre, aims and timeline of the WFD are introduced. Particular emphasis is given to the economic and social aspects of the WFD to assist policy makers towards sustainable water resource management and social welfare enhancement. This is followed by a summary of the relevant steps taken to date to implement the WFD. The potential challenges that Cyprus will face while impelmenting the Directive a re drawn to attention. The potential future social and economic benefits of the implementation of the WFD are examined. Finally, equity issues related to the different consumers' access to water, in the face of the Directive's requirment for full-cost recovery of water services, are discussed. As will be indicated in this chapter, the consecutive chapters in this book present more details on the impacts and challenges of, and issues related to the implemetation of the WFD in Cyprus. ; IFPRI4 ; MTID ; PR

Official implementation of the Water Framework Directive on 22 December 2000 marked the beginning of a new era in the annals of water management. The Water Framework Directive sets the ambitious goal of attaining "good status" for Europe's rivers, lakes, groundwater bodies and coastal waters by 2015 in accordance with a clearly defined timeline.