Suchergebnisse

Die Arbeit wendet sich zunächst den Grundlagen zum Konzept des ökonomischen Wechselkursrisikos und der Simulationsmethodik zu, bevor ein bestehender Corporate Modelling-Ansatz zu einem stochastischen Simulationsmodell erweitert und schließlich in einem umfangreichen Computerprogramm implementiert wird. Nach einer Darstellung zur Verifikation und Validierung des vorgeschlagenen Simulationsmodells wird abschließend die Anwendung des Computersimulations-Modells für den praktischen Einsatz demonstriert. Dazu werden, basierend auf einem hypothetischen Unternehmen, ein ökonomisches Wechselkursrisiko sowie risikopolitische Gegenmaßnahmen in einem Probelauf gemessen und analysiert.

Die Arbeit wendet sich zunächst den Grundlagen zum Konzept des ökonomischen Wechselkursrisikos und der Simulationsmethodik zu, bevor ein bestehender Corporate Modelling-Ansatz zu einem stochastischen Simulationsmodell erweitert und schließlich in einem umfangreichen Computerprogramm implementiert wird. Nach einer Darstellung zur Verifikation und Validierung des vorgeschlagenen Simulationsmodells wird abschließend die Anwendung des Computersimulations-Modells für den praktischen Einsatz demonstriert. Dazu werden, basierend auf einem hypothetischen Unternehmen, ein ökonomisches Wechselkursrisiko sowie risikopolitische Gegenmaßnahmen in einem Probelauf gemessen und analysiert.

Die Dissertationsschrift besteht aus vier in sich abgeschlossenen Beiträgen, die eine empirische Analyse der Auswirkungen von Umweltfaktoren auf unternehmerische Risiken vornehmen. Jede Kategorie von Umweltfaktoren wird dabei durch einen Beitrag adressiert: Beitrag I untersucht die Auswirkungen der Interventionspolitik der Schweizerischen Nationalbank (politisch-rechtlicher Faktor) auf das Wechselkursrisiko. Angesichts der erhöhten Wechselkursvolatilitäten (makroökonomischer Faktor) untersucht Beitrag II den Umgang der Unternehmenspraxis mit dem Translationsrisiko. Die gesellschaftlich zunehmende Bedeutung der Nachhaltigkeitsperformance von Unternehmen (soziokultureller Faktor) wird von Beitrag III beleuchtet, indem die Implikationen von Strategien zur nicht-finanziellen Berichterstattung für den Unternehmenswert analysiert werden. Eine Analyse der Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung (technologischer Faktor) auf das Liquiditätsrisiko von Banken ist Gegenstand von Beitrag IV.

Die US-Zentralbank hat begonnen, mit ihrem Quantitative Easing 2 (QE2) die Märkte mit Liquidität zu überschwemmen. Betroffen sind nicht allein die USA, sondern vor allem Länder, die ihre Währung an den US-Dollar gebunden haben. Aber auch flexible Wechselkurse bieten nur geringen Schutz vor QE2. Die Autoren vertreten die Auffassung, dass die Verbraucherpreisinfl ation nicht so niedrig wie derzeit bleiben wird. Eine Gefahr bestehe in einem zu langsamen Ausstieg der Notenbanken aus der übermäßigen Liquiditätsbereitstellung.

We examine the effects of exchange rate and political risks on foreign direct investment (FDI) for multinationals. Our strategy is to examine FDI by U.S. firms at two levels: in all industries and on the subset of only firms in manufacturing industries. When investing in developed economies the firms appear to take past and present variation in exchange rates into consideration. When investing in less developed nations the past and present variation does not appear to weigh as heavily as the present and future variation. Decreasing political risk increases FDI.

Wir untersuchen für ein internationales Unternehmen das Zusammenwirken von finanz- und realwirtschaftlichem Risikomanagement. Dies geschieht auf der Grundlage eines intertemporalen, stochastischen Entscheidungsmodells. Die gemeinsame Betrachtung von Devisen-Futures und Lagerhaltung bestätigt wichtige Resultate der optimalen Risikopolitik eines Unternehmens. Ferner erklären wir das empirische Phänomen einer fallenden Angebotsfunktion für ein Exportunternehmen.

Arghyrou, Gregoriou and Pourpourides (2009) argue that exchange rate uncertainty causes deviations from the law of one price. We test this hypothesis on aggregate data from the G7-area. We find that exchange rate uncertainty explains to a significant degree deviations from Purchasing Power Parity.

The author examines recent trends in sterilized intervention among emerging-market economies, to determine the size and extent of this policy in relation to earlier periods of heavy reserve accumulation. He then analyzes whether the domestic costs and risks of substantial and prolonged sterilization are beginning to manifest themselves. In particular, the author discusses the fiscal costs of sterilization and the recent increase in non-market-friendly sterilization methods, such as the rapid rise in reserve requirement ratios.

We propose a new model of chartist-fundamentalist-interaction in which both groups of traders are allowed to select endogenously between different forecasting models and different investment horizons. Stochastic interest rates in both countries and different behavioral assumptions for trend-extrapolating and fundamental based forecasts determine the agents' market orders which drive the exchange rate. A numerical analysis of the model shows that it is able to replicate stylized facts of observed financial return time series like excess kurtosis and volatility clustering. Within this framework we study the effects of transaction taxes on exchange rate volatility and traders' behavior measured by their population fractions. Simula- tions yield the result that on the macroscopic level these taxes reduce the variance of exchange rate returns, but also increase their kurtosis. Moreover, on the microscopic level the tax harms short-term speculation in favor of long-term investment, while it also harms trading rules based on economic fundamentals in favor to trend extrapolating trading rules.

We analyze the effect of European Union (EU) membership on financial dollarization for the Central and Eastern European countries. Using a unique monthly dataset that spans about two decades, we find that both the accession process toward EU membership and EU entry have a direct impact on deposit and loan dollarization. EU membership reduces deposit dollarization while it increases loan dollarization. The negative effect on deposit dollarization captures the increased confidence of the private sector in the domestic currency as they consider the EU admission process to reflect their government's commitment in promoting policies of long-run currency stability. The positive impact on credit dollarization is the outcome of a greater convergence of exchange rates to the euro and the subsequent anticipation for a lower currency risk, which diminishes the cost of foreign currency borrowing.

This paper analyzes competing interpretations for the large increases in the hoarding of international reserves by developing countries. While the first phase of the rapid hoarding of reserves in the aftermath of the East Asian crisis has been dominated by self insurance against exposure to foreign shocks, the self insurance motive falls short of explaining the hoarding in Asia in the 2000s. These developments may be a symptom of an emerging new global financial architecture, which is manifested in the proliferation of decentralized and less cooperative arrangements. The emerging financial configuration of developing countries in the aftermath of the 1990s crises has been growing managed exchange rate flexibility, greater monetary independence, and deeper financial integration. Hoarding international reserves is a key ingredient enhancing the stability of this emerging configuration. While not a panacea, international reserves help by providing self insurance against sudden stops; mitigating REER effects of TOT shocks; smoothing overtime the adjustment to shocks by allowing more persistent current account patterns; and possibly even export promotion, though this mercantilist use of reserves remains debatable due to possible coordination issues. Countries following an export oriented growth strategy may end up with competitive hoarding, akin to competitive devaluations. The sheer size of China, and its lower sterilization costs suggests that China may be the winner of a hoarding game. Hoarding international reserves may also be motivated by a desire to deal with vulnerability to internal and external instability, which is magnified by exposure of the banking system to non performing loans. Testing the self insurance and precautionary motives in the context of China may be challenged by a version of the peso problem; Hoarding international reserves and sterilization have been complementing each other during the last ten years, as developing countries have increased the intensity of both margins.

Exchange-rate policies of Central Eastern European Countries (CEEC) have often been a subject matter. Yet, some new insights in terms of political economy considerations upon exchange-rate policy are provided. It is pointed out that it is more appropriate to analyse exchange-rate policy in course of Exchange Rate Mechanism II (ERM II) with regard to a changing incentive structure. In doing so, considerable moral hazard problems become apparent. ERM II shall provide for an adequate level of convergence between prospective and current members of European Monetary Union (EMU). However, this institutional arrangement and, particularly, its impact on the incentives for exchange-rate policy making might enable CEEC to load considerable costs of convergence onto current members. Accordingly, the phase of ERM II is considered to be a bargaining on the distribution of costs of convergence between prospective and current members of EMU. In return, accession countries would offer to maintain public support for European integration. The CEEC' leverage in this bargaining rests on brinkmanship, i.e. putting exchange-rate regimes at risk, thus possibly undermining the according public support. This paper delineates the basic assumptions and conditions for successful brinkmanship, points out the specific transmission mechanisms, and characterises this kind of exchange-rate policy as 'threaten-thy-neighbour'. Overall analysis results in a cautious outlook on probable effects of such strategic exchange-rate policies on European institutional and economic matters.

This paper considers the nature and the distribution of trade and FDI effects of a potential enlargement of the European Monetary Union (EMU) to the ten countries that obtained EU membership in 2004. One-way and two-way error component gravity models are estimated using a dataset of unbalanced panel data that combines bilateral trade flows among 29 countries and the distribution of outward FDI stocks among these countries. The results reveal a complementarity between trade and investment and a relationship between trade and exchange rate volatility that depends on the sign of bilateral trade balances. Using a simulation-based technique, we find that estimates of FDI effects of EMU range between 18.5 percent for Poland and 30 percent for Hungary.

We argue that monetary policies in euro-candidate countries should also aim at mitigating excessive instability of the key target and instrument variables of monetary policy during turbulent market periods. Our empirical tests show a significant degree of leptokurtosis, thus prevalence of tail-risks, in the conditional volatility series of such variables in the euro-candidate countries. Their central banks will be well-advised to use both standard and unorthodox (discretionary) tools of monetary policy to mitigate such extreme risks while steering their economies out of the crisis and through the euroconvergence process. Such policies provide flexibility that is not embedded in the Taylor-type instrument rules, or in the Maastricht convergence criteria. ; Wir argumentieren, dass die Geldpolitik in den Euro-Kandidatenländern darauf abzielen sollte, die exzessive Instabilität in den zentralen Ziel- und Instrumentenvariablen der Geldpolitik zu mildern, insbesondere in Phasen turbulenter Finanzmärkte. Die empirischen Tests der Studie decken einen erheblichen Grad an Leptokurtosis auf, d. h. die Dominanz von so genannten Tail-Risks in den bedingten Volatilitätsserien der monetären Variablen in den Euro-Kandidatenländern. Ihre Zentralbanken wären daher gut beraten, neben den üblichen Instrumenten der Geldpolitik auch unorthodoxe Maßnahmen der Geldpolitik anzuwenden, wenn sie die Länder aus der Krise herausführen und danach auf die Übernahme des Euro vorbereiten. Damit erhielte die Geldpolitik jene Flexibilität, die ihr bei der Anwendung von Instrumentenregeln á la Taylor oder der Maastricht-Kriterien fehlt.