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The paper focuses on women and radicalization within the context of Muslim societies (majority, minority, and half Muslim) societies and groups, mainly in Asia and Africa. The basic argument advanced in this paper is that Islamic feminism with its gender-egalitarian discourse and practices has a major role to play in the empowerment of Muslim women—and of men and society as a whole—and should be brought to bear in devising policy, strategy, and tools.

This Issue Brief will discuss the ongoing problem of sexual assault of women in college and the barriers to reporting and seeking justice, which results in women hesitating to bring charges and the bias against them when they do finally have the courage to make a claim resulting in more silence on campuses.

"The essays in this book chart how women's profound and turbulent experiences of migration have been articulated in writing, photography, art and film. As a whole, the volume gives an impression of a wide range of migratory events from women's perspectives, covering the Caribbean Diaspora, refugees and slavery through the various lenses of politics and war, love and family. The contributors, which include academics and artists, offer both personal and critical points of view on the artistic and historical repositories of these experiences. Selfies, motherhood, violence and Hollywood all feature in this substantial treasure-trove of women's joy and suffering, disaster and delight, place, memory and identity. This collection appeals to artists and scholars of the humanities, particularly within the social sciences; though there is much to recommend it to creatives seeking inspiration or counsel on the issue of migratory experiences."

A research paper on the role women have always played in Zimbabwe's agricultural sector. ; The Zimbabwe government regards agricultural development as of paramount importance to the nation's existence and future. For that reason, the government supports agricultural development at all levels from subsistence farmers to small-scale and large-scale commercial farmers. In Zimbabwean society, women play multiple roles in the agricultural sector, particularly in the communal land and small-scale commercial farming sectors. A number of studies on the role of women in economic development have touched on sensitive and deeply entrenched traditional beliefs, sometimes drawing controversial comments from decision makers, policy makers, researchers and extension agents. Throughout the 1990s the state realized the key role that women played in agriculture and development and sought to address the legal inequities that hindered them from exercising their full rights as citizens. However, many of the gains women had made were eroded by the conflicts that emerged as a result of the land reform programme.

Economic globalization is a process tending towards neoliberal economic policy reforms (such as deregulation and privatization) and increases in capital, goods, services, and workforce movement. Economic theory on globalization's impacts on growth and wellbeing does seldom make distinctions between genders. It is frequently assumed that women will pay the cost of market liberalization by an unquestionable loss of jobs, or of high-income jobs. However, trade theory suggests that a growing international trade should benefit women, especially in developing countries. In order to determine the impacts of the globalization process on women's quality of life, equality, and status it is first necessary to define what is understood under such terms and which variables are involved in their measurement. There seems to be some consensus in identifying the set of variables that define women's quality of life: economic, political, and social. There are two schools of thought in analyzing the effects of globalization on women. One school, basically optimistic but with some reserves, argues that participation in global trade and in financial markets will improve the situation of all citizens, including women. The other has got a more critical perspective and argues that economic globalization will further increase existing inequalities and will lead to new ones. Both sides of the discussion on the effects of globalization on women are valid, but there is a the need to go beyond the sterile debate on whether globalization is good or bad, and reach a more constructive and wider-scope debate on how to achieve the best possible outcomes of globalization for women. Globalization must be analyzed from a multidimensional perspective and it is only by means of this process and by analyzing the real experiences of actors in adapting to globalization that we can understand the true outreach of globalization. According to this alternative perspective and in trying to develop a constructive debate on the impact of globalization on women a set of practices have to be detected, analyzed, and promoted in order to minimize the negative impacts of globalization on women and reinforce the positive ones. They include, among others: cultural change; sustained and mutuallyagreed action programs among business schools, companies, and other interest groups such as the public sector; and removing the glass ceiling in MNCs, including codes of conduct as a part of their corporate social responsibility.

Women And Cardiovascular Health Cardiovascular disease is currently the major cause of mortality among women in Ireland. During the years 1989-1998, it was found that an average of 4,252 women in this country died from ischaemic and other heart diseases each year (Balanda and Wilde, 2001). When compared with other European Union countries, Ireland has been found to have the second highest rate of ischaemic heart disease among women, Click here to download PDF 2.4mb This is a publication of the Women's Health Council

Women and a democratic League of Nations.--Existing international forms.--The old balance of power.--America and the new order.--Industrial democracy.--Programs of world peace.--Outlines of the Paris covenant.--The League and its critics.--Women and revolution.--The woman's part.--Appendix: The fourteen points. The amended covenant of Paris. The woman's program to end war. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Indonesia was established 65 years ago, but the progress of Indonesian nasionalism had not yet done when the independence was proclaimed. The nationalism movement in Indonesia has been growing since the early of the 20th century until today because nationalism is not static but it always changing. In the nationalism development process, women always play the basic and important role. However, in many academic discourses discussing the nationalism history, women are neglected most of the time. Women participation in the nationalism movement is rarely discussed. The gender relation and its association with the development of Indonesia development are also neglected most of the time. Therefore, women role in the nationalism movement and the women interest tend to be removed. However, women always play the central role in the nationalism movement, such as in the beginning of the 20th century, during the colonialism government and Japanese era, the Revolution era against the Dutch, and the regime of Soekarno and Soeharto era. In this article, I will focus my discussion on the women movement development since the 1920s and their role in the Reformation movement and Indonesia nationalism. This article will discuss: (1) the first discussion starts with the summary of the women movement and nationalist movement background in the twentieth century; (2) the second discussion is about the development of women movement in the Reformation era; and (3) finally, I will explore some issues that affect the discussion of the women and nationalism in the Reformation Era – the Indonesian nationalism developed by the Government utilizing the women's body and sexuality for achieving their goal is the central issue in the discussion about the form of Indonesia nationality.

[p. 1] ; column 5 ; 15 col. in. ; The women in Utah are becoming dissatisfied with "the vile life of the Mormon harems." A lecture of Brigham Young to the women about their responsibilities. An excerpt from a lecture by Brigham Young about the precedence of religion over earthly governments.

Property and wealth are entwined in the structure of society, with ties formed through blood and marital relations, and the orderly transfer of wealth is a fundamental part of Islamic law. The supreme purpose of the Islamic system is material provision for surviving dependants and relatives. This research tries to describe the important factors at work of religion to which women have an opportunity to contribute of their aspiration for the formulation of Islamic Law. The question to be considered is how does the pre-existing, culturally rooted perception of women influence the interpretation of the Qur'anic position on women? The interpretation of the Qur'an itself is influenced by social, moral, economic and political concerns, including interpretation regarding women. For example, Verse 34 of surah 4 of the Qur'an teaches that the superiority of men over women is justified by the fact that men provide women with "nafaqa," the resources necessary to maintain human life. This verse commonly has been cited to subjugate women in the name of Islam. But Muslim women are asking the question "How should this verse be interpreted?†Is the link between the relationship of domination and consumption limited to the sexual relationship, or is it institutionalized in other spheres?

It would appear that as Singapore entered the 21st century that have been marked improvements in its women's education attainment, labour force participation and related remuneration. Singaporean women are financially much more independent and are politically and socially more influential. Singaporean families are becoming smaller; women commit to marriage and give birth to their first child much later than previous generations. These changes have raised concerns about sustainability of the future Singaporean labour force for economic development and support for an aging population. ; C1

OBJECTIVES—To present a broad exploration of the relationship of women and tobacco in Indonesia and to describe action on tobacco and health specific to women taken by government and non-government agencies. DATA SOURCES—Published and unpublished prevalence surveys, official documents, vernacular newspapers, secondary sources, unstructured interviews, and personal observations. STUDY SELECTION—Data on smoking prevalence among women was primarily sought from official household surveys but several smaller scale local surveys were also examined. The only representative national household data on smoking prevalence from 1995 suggested a national prevalence for occasional and regular smoking of 2.6% for women aged 20 years or older. Smaller, local level surveys had reported rates varying from 4% for junior high school girls, and 2.9% for women undergraduates at a provincial university, to 6.4% of women in a representative sample in Jakarta. Claims that the incidence of female smoking is increasing cannot be confirmed due to an absence of comparable national longitudinal data. CONCLUSION—Although Indonesian women are conspicuous in growing and processing tobacco, their rates of smoking are low in comparison with their male compatriots and internationally. Anecdotal evidence suggests that their disinclination to smoke is commonly attributed to cultural values, which stigmatise women smokers as morally flawed, while at the same time sanctioning smoking by men. Although there is little evidence of tobacco advertising directly targeting women, Indonesian health activists interviewed by the author felt that women are increasingly taking up smoking due to a weakening of stigma and to Western cultural influences. Cultural factors in the low rates of smoking among Indonesian women deserve closer investigation as they have proved to be a major source of health protection, albeit within a stigmatising context. More also needs to be known about the dynamics of female tobacco use in Indonesia and the factors contributing to ...

Women and the Law is a pioneering study of the way in which the law has treated women – at work, in the family, in matters of sexuality and fertility, and in public life. Written by Susan Atkins and Brenda Hoggett, then University teachers, the book was first published in 1984. The authors examine the origins of British law's attitude to women, trace the development of the law and ways in which it reflects the influence of economic, social and political forces and the dominance of men. They illustrate the tendency, despite formal equality, for deep-rooted problems of encoded gender inequality to remain. Since 1984 the authors have achieved distinguished careers in law and public service. This 2018 Open Access edition provides a timely opportunity to revisit their ground breaking analysis and reflect on how much has changed, and how much has stayed the same.

Strategic Objectives: E1. Increase the participation of women in conflict resolution at decision making levels and protect women living in situations of armed and other conflict or under foreign occupation. E2. Reduce excessive military expenditures and control the availability of armaments. E3. Promote non-violent forms of conflict resolution and reduce the incidence of human rights abuse in conflict situations. E4. Promote women's contribution to fostering a culture of peace. E5. Provide protection, assistance and training to refugee women, other displaced women in need of international protection and internally displaced women. E6. Provide assistance to the women of the colonies and non-self governing territories

An issue of present personal and political concern in education is the under-representation of women in administrative positions within the public and separate school systems. Two usual explanations for this problem - discrimination against female applicants and failure of women to apply for such positions - are discussed. Particular reference is made to the implications of the "motivation to avoid success" syndrome and possible intervention programmes which might be implemented by school hoards or teachers' associations.