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Drawing on interviews with 100 women soldiers about their experiences in combat, this book asks what insights are gained when we take women's experiences in war as our starting point instead of treating them as "add-ons" to more fundamental or mainstream levels of analysis, and what importance these experiences hold for an analysis of violence and for security studies. The book provides different perspectives about why it is important to explore women in combat, what their experiences teach us, and how to consider soldiers and veterans both as citizens and as violent state actors--an issue with which scholars are often reluctant to engage. Breaking the Binaries in Security Studies raises methodological and theoretical considerations about ways of evaluating power relations in conflict situations and patriarchal structures.

Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Notes on Contributors -- Introduction: Women in Conflict and Peace-Making -- 1 Women in Combat: Identifying Global Trends -- 2 Catch Them Young: Participation and Roles of Girl Child Soldiers in Armed Conflicts -- 3 Female Combatants, Peace Process and the Exclusion -- 4 Gendering Conflict Analysis: Analysing Israeli Female Combatants' Experiences -- 5 Female Combatants in the Syrian Conflict, in the Fight against or with the IS, and in the Peace Process

Drawing on surveys and interviews with almost 300 female military personnel, Melissa Herbert explores how women's everyday actions, such as choice of uniform, hobby, or social activity, involve the creation and re-creation of what it means to be a woman, and particularly a woman soldier. Do women feel pressured to be "more masculine," to convey that they are not a threat to men's jobs or status and to avoid being perceived as lesbians? She also examines the role of gender and sexuality in the maintenance of the male-defined military institution, proposing that, more than sexual harassment or individual discrimination, it is the military's masculine ideology--which views military service as the domain of men and as a mechanism for the achievement of manhood--which serves to limit women's participation in the military has increased dramatically. In the wake of armed conflict involving female military personnel and several sexual misconduct scandals, much attention has focused on what life is like for women in the armed services. Few, however, have examined how these women negotiate an environment that has been structured and defined as masculine

The internationalization of prostitution and emergence of the traffic -- Constructing the traffic as an international social problem -- Reforming regulation and nationalizing prostitution -- International Abolitionist Federation reformers and the Dutch movement -- International Bureau reformers and the French movement -- Italy's state-driven movement -- The politics of trafficking

This research and policy book examines the role of women in the military and the overwhelming evidence to date that warranted repealing the combat exclusion policy. It explores the following questions: How can the success of women in the military serve as justification for its repeal? What will be the potential impact of repealing the policy on the recruitment, promotion and retention of women in the military?How will repealing the combat exclusion policy change the ways in which military men relate to military women? How can repealing the policy set women on the course toward full agency and.

This research and policy book examines the role of women in the military and the overwhelming evidence to date that warranted repealing the combat exclusion policy. It explores the following questions: How can the success of women in the military serve as justification for its repeal? What will be the potential impact of repealing the policy on the recruitment, promotion and retention of women in the military?How will repealing the combat exclusion policy change the ways in which military men relate to military women? How can repealing the policy set women on the course toward full agency and.

The current U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) policy for assigning military women was issued in 1994, and the U.S. Army's assignment policy dates to 1992. In the ensuing years, the U.S. Army has undergone significant technological and organizational transformation, which has changed how it organizes and fights. There is concern that, in the course of operations in Iraq, the Army has not been adhering to its own assignment policy, as there are several important and potentially problematic differences between the DoD and Army policies. For example, the DoD policy prohibits the assignment of women

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1 Ukraine: Defending the Motherland -- 2 The Kurdish Regions: Fighting as Kurds, Fighting as Women -- 3 Colombia: Women Waging War and Peace -- Conclusions and Implications -- About the Authors

Women can't fight. This assumption lies at the heart of the combat exclusion, a policy that was fiercely defended as essential to national security, despite evidence that women have been contributing to hostile operations now and throughout history. This book examines the role of women in the US military and the key arguments used to justify the combat exclusion, in the light of the decision to reverse the policy in 2013. Megan MacKenzie considers the historic role of the combat exclusion in shaping American military identity and debunks claims that the recent policy change signals a new era for women in the military. MacKenzie shows how women's exclusion from combat reaffirms male supremacy in the military and sustains a key military myth, the myth of the band of brothers. This book will be welcomed by scholars and students of military studies, gender studies, social and military history, and foreign policy

"This book explores the why and the how of women's participation in armed struggle, and challenges preconceived assertions about women and violence, providing both a historic and a contemporary focus. The volume is about women who have participated in armed conflict, as members of an armed group, trained in military action, with different tasks within the conflict. The chapters are all concerned to make women's own voices heard, to discover the untold stories of women as perpetrators and facilitators of military violence, and the authors do this through the use of personal interviews and the study of primary documents. The work widens the geographical perspective of feminist security studies to discover in what ways the historical, political, and social context has motivated the women to participate in military action, and presents new case study data from Germany, Ukraine, Turkey, Israel, Palestine, Cameroon, India, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Latin America. Temporally, the chapters cover almost two centuries, from late 19th century to the present day, touching upon a wide variety of examples of armed conflict, from wars of independence to the Second World War. Bringing together approaches from politics, history, anthropology, and area studies, the chapters are informed by the fundamental insights of feminist research and address such pivotal questions as hegemonic masculinity in the armed forces and the relation between women's armed violence and female agency. This book will be of much interest to students and researchers in gender and security studies, armed conflict and history"--

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Women in Congress, 1917-2018: Service Dates and Committee Assignments by Member, and Lists by State and Congress* -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Tables and Data -- Alphabetical Listing, Including Dates of Service and Committee Assignments -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 2 -- Pay Equity: Legislative and Legal Developments* -- Abstract -- Earnings Data for Male and Female Workers -- Legal and Legislative Background -- Laws That Combat Sex-Based Wage Discrimination -- The Ledbetter Case and Subsequent Legislation -- The Wal-Mart Case -- Recent Legislation -- Paycheck Fairness Act -- Fair Pay Act -- Other Bills in the 114th Congress -- Chapter 3 -- Sex Discrimination and the United States Supreme Court: Developments in the Law* -- Abstract -- Equal Protection Cases -- Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 -- Disparate Treatment and Disparate Impact -- Pregnancy Discrimination -- Gender Stereotypes -- Mixed Motives -- Sexual Harassment -- Same-Sex Sexual Harassment -- Employer Liability -- Retaliation -- Class Action Status -- Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 -- Chapter 4 -- Women in Combat: Issues for Congress* -- Abstract -- Issue -- Background -- World War II and the Women's Armed Services Integration Act -- The All-Volunteer Force and Social Change -- The "Risk Rule" for Assignment of Women -- Repeal of the "Risk Rule" and a New Direct Ground Combat Definition and Assignment Rule -- Women in Combat Zones: Iraq and Afghanistan -- Women on Submarines -- Military Leadership Diversity Commission -- DOD Review of Combat Exclusion Policies -- The Repeal of the Direct Combat Exclusion Rule and Recent Developments -- Key Issues for Congress -- "Gender-Neutral" Standards -- Definitions and Requirements -- Review and Validation -- Implementation Concerns -- Options for Congress

From the impact of the attacks on New York and Washington in 2001, to the problems of military uncertainty and the role of women in combat, this collection of essays explores the changing face of militarism from the perspective of defence management experts.