Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Foreword -- Important Dates at the Time of the Women's Movement -- Introduction: -- Working Toward the American Dream -- Chapter One: -- The Ordeal of Early American Women -- Chapter Two: -- Women Learn How to Organize -- Chapter Three: -- The Long Road to the Ballot Box -- Chapter Four: -- Emergence of the New Public Woman -- Chapter Five: -- Rising Demands for Gender Equality -- Chapter Six: -- A Continuing Fight for Status and Rights -- Notes -- For More Information -- Index -- Picture Credits -- About the Author

Women's movements, understood as variant forms of collective action in pursuit of common goals, have been analysed in both feminist political theory and development studies. This article aims to combine these two discussions to provide a theoretical account of the emergence and character of such movements through the identification of three different forms of collective action, termed 'independent', 'associative' and 'directed'. The article considers the relation of such movements to projects of general political import, be these of an authoritarian or democratic character, and returns to the debate over the usefulness or otherwise of conceptualizing women's interests. It concludes with an assessment of the place of women's movements in the contemporary politics of citizenship.

Following the classification in Alvin Toffler's The Third Wave, the women's movement is definitely a representative of post‐industrial society. Yet in Japan, the second wave of industrialisation and the third have come very close together, hitting a society with deep‐rooted sex role traditions. Thus it is natural that the women's movements in Japan differ from those in the West, yet Japanese feminists, too are moving toward the ultimate goal of a society which will maximise choice and freedom for every individual.

Modern Italian feminism developed in the 1970s, from a middle class base, to become closely involved in the labour movement, but appeared to decline, reviving in 1983-4 when new spaces for women emerged in political life, along with 'cultural feminism' and a new cycle of trade union feminism. Accounts for these developments, in the context of a broad historical survey of the Italian women's movement, the changing attitude of state policy, and the role of the labour movement. Emphasises the importance of political and intellectual traditions, the close association between feminism and the Left, and the interrelation of difference and equality.

Some focus on reforms through the PASOK government.

The Turkish women's movement started during the Ottoman era, and it is still in process in the newly established Turkish Republic. This paper examined the Turkish women's movement, which began after 1923 and found that the Turkish women's movement had two abeyance cycles. The first abeyance period in the Turkish women's movement took place between 1935 and the 1960s. In the first abeyance period, the reasons for the abeyance were economic problems, World War II, and the changing political arena in Turkey. In 1945, Turkey became a multi-party democracy, and this changed political opportunity structures. After 1960, the Turkish women's movement picked up, but it was not very active until the 1980s. During this time, leftist organizations were very active, and they mobilized women in their organizations. The second abeyance period started after the 2010s when the religious Justice and Development Party in Turkey started to consolidate its power. From 2010 onwards, the political opportunity structures are closed for women, and women have a hard time to find elite allies for their causes. In the current political climate, even though there are many active women's organizations, they are not effective.

Spanish feminism from the end of the Franco regime to the present. Nature of the movement; achievements in the areas of divorce, domestic violence, birth control, abortion, education, employment, and political participation.