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During the next cent, societies will have to plan their pop's along with other nat'l resources. The success of this objective will depend, in large part, on the reproductive ambitions of women & the availability of effective substitutes for maternity. These broad developments will necessitate a reorg of nat'l priorities, as well as changes in fam, household & work patterns. Among the forseeable consequences are: reduced occup'al sex typing, lessened emphasis on marriage & maternity as supreme goals for women & greater participation of women in all spheres of the LF. As a result, we must expect & prepare for both new forms of soc'ization & self-images by gender. In conclusion, suggestions are presented for steps society might take to help ease the transition into the new era. A question & answer section appears at the end of the article. Modified HA.

Prior res re the relationship between self-confidence & persuasability in M's had shown an inverse relationship of a linear nature, though none for F's. It is suggested that under certain conditions a relationship will obtain for F's. S's were 297 Lc & Mc F's. After giving self-evaluations of their ability to judge people, colors, fashions, fabrics, & nylon stockings, S's were asked to evaluate '2 brands' of actually identical nylon stockings & indicate their confidence in these evaluations. S's were then exposed to a tape-recording of a supposed salesgirl's opinion & asked to re-evaluate the nylons, evaluate the sales-girl, & answer a TJ on their own stocking purchasing behavior, personality items, & information on age, educ, marital status, & income. It was found, contrary to previous res, that a relationship does exist for F's re self-confidence & persuasibility, but probably only if the F's are genuinely involved in the matter at hand. However, the relationship prooved to be curvilinear, rather than linear. Possible interpretations of this phenomenon are offered. D. Ball (Modified).

Although women go to work in increasing numbers in the US (55% of women aged 18-64), they are still paid less than men, earning about 60% of what men earn in similar jobs. Women also have more limited occupational choices & less mobility than men, & tend to be concentrated in clerical work, sales, & service occupations (eg, waitresses, hairdressers). Status jobs involve professional commitment, & according to cultural mores, women must be committed to the family first. Women are typically found in work in which they can be easily replaced; on-the-job training for women is not comparable to that given men. Sex-typing of professions affects a field's prestige, & "feminine" professions invite discrimination. F academics compete favorably with men in prestige & salary in scientific & mathematical disciplines, but not so favorably in the humanities, where their numbers are greater. D. Dunseath.

An introduction, by the director responsible for this special issue, tracing the broad outlines of the res. The aim was not to present new studies on the position of women (of which many already exist) but to reveal the image of woman held by M's & F's in various parts of the world, re their cultures & personal experiences, & to note any new trends of thought. The image of woman in society can act as a dynamo or as a brake to changes in soc structures. The image of the status & role of woman must be studied separately in each society. It is esp difficult to compare Poland, Canada, France, Austria, Yugoslavia, Morocco, & 2 nations of tropical Africa. The principles, precautions, & org'al methods of the res are described. '2 dynamic images' are presented: the image of the working woman, & of the emancipated woman, man's equal in the fam & in society. Some general problems of the evolution are discussed: (1) cultural tradition & universalism, (2) opposition between active images & actual behavior, & (3) perceptions of the situation & recognition of this evolution. The problem of the future of the human couple, re a new image of woman, is posed. Important changes in soc structures are being imposed, re new aspirations. Res has not ended with this issue, but continues in the various countries. (See also SA 1941-A9224, A9227, A9244, A9257, & 0715-A8861, A8864, A8876, A8880, & 1020-A9021, 0514-A8786). AA tr by J. Atkins.

Women in Bangladesh suffer extensive discrimination, being generally regarded as useful only for sex, reproduction, & housework. While the constitution provides for equality of the sexes, in practice the existing institutions make it impossible for women to take advantage of their constitutional rights. Women occupy a familial position determined by traditional practices; Muslim women are very restricted by traditional law, which must be modified significantly to realize the true spirit of Islam. Hindu family laws are even more outdated, & Christian laws have not changed since the Middle Ages. Women are starting to become politically active, which may lead to progress, but there is a long way to go before equality can be attained. W. H. Stoddard.

A historical account of feminist activity in Chile during three periods: 1913-1953 saw the development & eventual decline of the women's suffrage movement; between 1953 & 1978, women's political groups were largely dissolved & discussions of their problems were confined largely to matters of welfare & health care; since 1978, there has been a renewed emphasis on feminist issues -- eg, sexual oppression, economic exploitation, women's identity, & confrontation with traditional patriarchal customs. D. Dunseath.

The image of man the warrior has long been joined to that of woman the submissive victim. Even the earliest records present each sex as feeling victimized by the other, so that replacing male by female rule would do nothing to solve the problem of violence. Rather, an androgynous role & image are needed. In present society females are victims in many ways: as having limited rights as compared to males, as objects of rape & pornography, as victims of brutal husbands or fathers, & also as victims of direct violent crime & of governmental violence & torture. Females also act as aggressors, inflicting brutalities on children under their care in many cases, & also using peculiarly 'feminine' techniques such as tongue-lashing, manipulation, & trickery. Any reduction in the victimization of females will require their equal participation in police, courts, & armed forces. W. H. Stoddard.

A study of Panjabi Sikh F's in Southall, London, UK. Contacts between English & Indian F's are usually limited to educated, Me & Uc Ur Indians, eg, US's diplomats' wives, professionals, & those from US fam's who settled in the UK. Lc F's usually have no soc contact with Westerners or with their educated country women. The Sikhs have a tradition of foreign emigration & came to Southall in the 1950's, where they are employed in semi-skilled & unskilled capacities. The Gurudwara (temple) forms a religious & soc center, & the Indian Workers Assoc is the community spokesman in relations with the host society. Interpop tensions have so far remained beneath the surface. Though the majority of Sikh M's have abandoned the untrimmed beard & turban which formerly distinguished them, the F's retain traditional dress & uncut hair. The F's were largely reluctant to leave India & migrated as dependents of M's. The extended fam system is strong, & unattached F's are almost nonexistent. House-sharing & traditional joint fam households are common, due in part to the housing shortage in Southall. F's have less educ than M's & are slower to learn English because of infrequent contacts. Knowledge of English is an advantage in seeking employment & a status symbol; those who do not know the language rely on their children as interpreters. Shyness rather than unwillingness is seen as the reason why many do not learn English. Conditions in the UK are seen as favorable to Indian assimilation. F's favor English educ & orientation for their children, but see themselves as too old & inhibited by tradition, etc, to change. M. Farber.