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National audience The disabled employee is a special type of employee. The rules applicable to him go beyond ordinary law in order to facilitate his integration into the undertaking as well as into his social life. ; National audience Le salarié handicapé est un salarié de type particulier. Les règles qui lui sont applicables sortent du droit commun pour faciliter son intégration dans l'entreprise comme dans sa vie sociale.

International audience ; Arbeit ist ein schwieriges Thema für die Literatur und insbesondere für die Lyrik. Der gängige Ansatz, der die Poesie mit Emotionen verbindet, zögert, sie als poetisches Thema zu betrachten: Was soll man über die Arbeit sagen, über ihre repetitive, alltägliche, erzwungene Natur, wie und warum soll man sie sagen? Hinter diesen Fragen verbergen sich breitere Debatten, etwa über das Verhältnis von Lyrik und Politik oder über den institutionellen Status der Volksliteratur. Dieser Ausschluss hat jedoch etwas Paradoxales, denn die Arbeit ist eine Frage der Erfahrung. Und vielleicht gerade weil sich zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts das emotionale Engagement des Menschen für seine Arbeit bewusst wird (ein Engagement, das gleichzeitig durch die Praktiken des Neumanagements instrumentalisiert wird), entwickelt sich dort die Arbeitsdichtung mit einem selten erreichten Reichtum, wie die Anthologie zeigt, die das Maison de la Poésie Rhône-Alpes heute anbietet. Diese Einführung geht auf die literarische Tradition der Darstellung und Imaginär von Arbeit zurück, um dann die Debatten über den Wert der Arbeit in Erinnerung zu rufen und die stilistischen Merkmale eines poetischen Arbeitsschreibens zu betrachten. (Einführung in den Sammelband "Arbeit. 59 Dichter" der Zeitschrift Bacchanales (Maison de la poésie Rhône-Alpes), Nr. 53, November 2015, S.13-20). ; Work is a difficult subject for literature, and especially for poetry. The common approach, which associates poetry with emotions, is reluctant to consider it as a poetic subject: what to say about work, its repetitive, everyday, forced nature, how and why to say it? Behind these questions lie broader debates, that of the relationship between the poetic and the political, or the institutional status of popular literature. There is something paradoxical about this exclusion, however, since the work is a matter of experience. And it is perhaps because the beginning of the 21st century is becoming aware of man's emotional commitment to his work (a commitment that is at the same time instrumentalized by the practices of neo-management), that the poetry of work is developing with a richness rarely equaled, as shown by the anthology that the Maison de la Poésie Rhône-Alpes offers today. This introduction goes back over the literary tradition of the representation and imaginary of work, before recalling the debates on the value of work and then looking at the stylistic characteristics of a poetic writing of work. (Introduction to the anthology "Work. 59 poets" of the magazine Bacchanales (Maison de la poésie Rhône-Alpes), n° 53, November 2015, 13-20). ; Le travail est un sujet difficile pour la littérature, et singulièrement pour la poésie. L'approche courante, qui associe la poésie aux émotions, répugne à le considérer comme un sujet poétique : que dire du travail, son caractère répétitif, quotidien, forcé, comment et pourquoi le dire ? Derrière ces questions se profilent des débats plus larges, celui de la relation du poétique et du politique, ou encore celui du statut institutionnel de la littérature populaire. Cette exclusion a pourtant quelque chose de paradoxal, puisque le travail relève de l'expérience. Et c'est peut-être parce que le début du XXIe siècle prend conscience de l'engagement émotionnel de l'homme dans son travail (engagement dans le même temps instrumentalisé par les pratiques du néo-management), que la poésie du travail s'y développe avec une richesse rarement égalée, comme en témoigne l'anthologie que propose aujourd'hui la Maison de la Poésie Rhône-Alpes. Cette introduction revient sur la tradition littéraire de la représentation et de l'imaginaire du travail, avant de rappeler les débats sur la valeur du travail puis de s'intéresser aux caractères stylistiques d'une écriture poétique du travail. (Introduction à l'anthologie "Travail. 59 poètes" de la revue Bacchanales (Maison de la poésie Rhône-Alpes), n° 53, novembre 2015, p. 13-20).

International audience ; Arbeit ist ein schwieriges Thema für die Literatur und insbesondere für die Lyrik. Der gängige Ansatz, der die Poesie mit Emotionen verbindet, zögert, sie als poetisches Thema zu betrachten: Was soll man über die Arbeit sagen, über ihre repetitive, alltägliche, erzwungene Natur, wie und warum soll man sie sagen? Hinter diesen Fragen verbergen sich breitere Debatten, etwa über das Verhältnis von Lyrik und Politik oder über den institutionellen Status der Volksliteratur. Dieser Ausschluss hat jedoch etwas Paradoxales, denn die Arbeit ist eine Frage der Erfahrung. Und vielleicht gerade weil sich zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts das emotionale Engagement des Menschen für seine Arbeit bewusst wird (ein Engagement, das gleichzeitig durch die Praktiken des Neumanagements instrumentalisiert wird), entwickelt sich dort die Arbeitsdichtung mit einem selten erreichten Reichtum, wie die Anthologie zeigt, die das Maison de la Poésie Rhône-Alpes heute anbietet. Diese Einführung geht auf die literarische Tradition der Darstellung und Imaginär von Arbeit zurück, um dann die Debatten über den Wert der Arbeit in Erinnerung zu rufen und die stilistischen Merkmale eines poetischen Arbeitsschreibens zu betrachten. (Einführung in den Sammelband "Arbeit. 59 Dichter" der Zeitschrift Bacchanales (Maison de la poésie Rhône-Alpes), Nr. 53, November 2015, S.13-20). ; Work is a difficult subject for literature, and especially for poetry. The common approach, which associates poetry with emotions, is reluctant to consider it as a poetic subject: what to say about work, its repetitive, everyday, forced nature, how and why to say it? Behind these questions lie broader debates, that of the relationship between the poetic and the political, or the institutional status of popular literature. There is something paradoxical about this exclusion, however, since the work is a matter of experience. And it is perhaps because the beginning of the 21st century is becoming aware of man's emotional commitment to his work (a ...

A study carried out by the EEC in 1986 analysed the conditions under which different public bodies used UTC trainees. Important features of the selection method and the organisation of traineeships led to the identification of a number of bodies' policies: employment of young trainees in small municipalities to alleviate unemployment, vocational training involving rigorous selection, or situations similar to volunteering in associations. The study presented here builds on this work by providing an analysis focusing on trainees' activities. Such a task is not straightforward, given the diversity of situations and the often very informal nature of the inclusion of 'tucists'. However, the breakdown by function at a detailed level and by body makes it possible to take stock of an area of activity which remains important and which is representative of these time-limited schemes which make it possible to adjust periods of unemployment and integration of young people. ; Une étude réalisée par le CEE en 1986 avait permis d'analyser les conditions dans lesquelles différents organismes publics utilisaient les stagiaires TUC. Des spécificités importantes concernant le mode de sélection, ainsi que l'organisation des stages, conduisaient à identifier plusieurs politiques des organismes : occupation des jeunes stagiaires dans des petites communes pour atténuer le chômage, stages de formation professionnelle supposant une sélection rigoureuse, ou encore situations s'apparentant au bénévolat dans les associations. L'étude présentée ici prolonge ce travail en proposant une analyse centrée sur les activités des stagiaires. Une telle tâche n'est pas simple, compte tenu de la diversité des situations et du caractère souvent très informel de l'insertion des« tucistes ». La répartition par fonction à un niveau détaillé et suivant les organismes permet néanmoins de faire le point sur une zone d'activité qui demeure importante et qui est représentative de ces dispositifs de durée limitée qui permettent d'aménager les périodes de ...

International audience ; For livestock farmers, the diversity of tasks, the freedom to act as he likes, the contact with nature and animals explain the attraction, often passionate, for an activity, in constant mutation due to technical and sociological evolutions. Gains in efficiency and productivity are diminished by the enlargement of the structures and the workload remains important. Nowadays livestock farmers seek to better balance work and private life, and to preserve their health, which implies decent working conditions, more daily serenity and a recognition of their societal role. Automation and robotization demand to acquire technological mastery, but allow time savings and bring flexibility in organizing days. The wage-earning and the feminization are developing: they modify farmers' job and could contribute more to the renewal of the generations. Environmental and animal welfare concerns lead to systems known to be more agro-ecological, but requiring new learning and complex transitions. The head-on questionings to livestock farming are offset by local initiatives demonstrating the social utility of farms which provide jobs, territorial identity and healthy products. The diversity of livestock models in the territories, complementarity between them and others agricultural and non-agricultural activities, as well as the renewal of advisory tools are part of perspectives to arouse the desire to become a farmer. This article presents, in the light of the social, societal and economic changes, the issues under dispute about the work and the profession of the livestock farmers. ; Pour les éleveurs, la diversité des tâches, la liberté d'agir à sa guise, la proximité avec la nature et les animaux expliquent l'attrait, souvent passionné, pour une profession en constante mutation suite aux évolutions techniques et sociologiques. Les gains d'efficience et de productivité sont rognés par l'augmentation de la taille des structures et la charge de travail reste toujours importante. Aujourd'hui les éleveurs ...

International audience ; For livestock farmers, the diversity of tasks, the freedom to act as he likes, the contact with nature and animals explain the attraction, often passionate, for an activity, in constant mutation due to technical and sociological evolutions. Gains in efficiency and productivity are diminished by the enlargement of the structures and the workload remains important. Nowadays livestock farmers seek to better balance work and private life, and to preserve their health, which implies decent working conditions, more daily serenity and a recognition of their societal role. Automation and robotization demand to acquire technological mastery, but allow time savings and bring flexibility in organizing days. The wage-earning and the feminization are developing: they modify farmers' job and could contribute more to the renewal of the generations. Environmental and animal welfare concerns lead to systems known to be more agro-ecological, but requiring new learning and complex transitions. The head-on questionings to livestock farming are offset by local initiatives demonstrating the social utility of farms which provide jobs, territorial identity and healthy products. The diversity of livestock models in the territories, complementarity between them and others agricultural and non-agricultural activities, as well as the renewal of advisory tools are part of perspectives to arouse the desire to become a farmer. This article presents, in the light of the social, societal and economic changes, the issues under dispute about the work and the profession of the livestock farmers. ; Pour les éleveurs, la diversité des tâches, la liberté d'agir à sa guise, la proximité avec la nature et les animaux expliquent l'attrait, souvent passionné, pour une profession en constante mutation suite aux évolutions techniques et sociologiques. Les gains d'efficience et de productivité sont rognés par l'augmentation de la taille des structures et la charge de travail reste toujours importante. Aujourd'hui les éleveurs cherchent un meilleur équilibre vie privée / vie professionnelle, à préserver leur santé et une reconnaissance de leur rôle sociétal, ce qui implique des conditions de travail correctes et plus de sérénité au quotidien. L'automatisation et la robotisation demandent d'acquérir une maîtrise technologique mais apportent de la souplesse et permettent des gains de temps. La part de salariat et la féminisation des chefs d'exploitation qui se développent, modifient le rapport au métier et pourraient contribuer davantage au renouvellement des générations. Les préoccupations, environnementales et vis-à-vis du bien-être animal, suscitent des infléchissements, notamment agro-écologiques qui nécessitent de nouveaux apprentissages et des transitions toujours complexes. Les remises en cause, parfois frontales, de l'élevage côtoient des initiatives démontrant son utilité sociale comme pourvoyeur d'emplois, d'identité locale et de produits sains. La diversité dans les territoires des modèles d'élevage, les complémentarités entre eux et avec d'autres activités, agricoles ou non, ainsi que le renouvellement des outils de conseil sont autant de perspectives pour susciter le désir de "devenir éleveur". Cet article présente, à la lumière des mutations sociales, sociétales et économiques, les questions en débat autour du travail et du métier des éleveurs.

International audience ; For livestock farmers, the diversity of tasks, the freedom to act as he likes, the contact with nature and animals explain the attraction, often passionate, for an activity, in constant mutation due to technical and sociological evolutions. Gains in efficiency and productivity are diminished by the enlargement of the structures and the workload remains important. Nowadays livestock farmers seek to better balance work and private life, and to preserve their health, which implies decent working conditions, more daily serenity and a recognition of their societal role. Automation and robotization demand to acquire technological mastery, but allow time savings and bring flexibility in organizing days. The wage-earning and the feminization are developing: they modify farmers' job and could contribute more to the renewal of the generations. Environmental and animal welfare concerns lead to systems known to be more agro-ecological, but requiring new learning and complex transitions. The head-on questionings to livestock farming are offset by local initiatives demonstrating the social utility of farms which provide jobs, territorial identity and healthy products. The diversity of livestock models in the territories, complementarity between them and others agricultural and non-agricultural activities, as well as the renewal of advisory tools are part of perspectives to arouse the desire to become a farmer. This article presents, in the light of the social, societal and economic changes, the issues under dispute about the work and the profession of the livestock farmers. ; Pour les éleveurs, la diversité des tâches, la liberté d'agir à sa guise, la proximité avec la nature et les animaux expliquent l'attrait, souvent passionné, pour une profession en constante mutation suite aux évolutions techniques et sociologiques. Les gains d'efficience et de productivité sont rognés par l'augmentation de la taille des structures et la charge de travail reste toujours importante. Aujourd'hui les éleveurs cherchent un meilleur équilibre vie privée / vie professionnelle, à préserver leur santé et une reconnaissance de leur rôle sociétal, ce qui implique des conditions de travail correctes et plus de sérénité au quotidien. L'automatisation et la robotisation demandent d'acquérir une maîtrise technologique mais apportent de la souplesse et permettent des gains de temps. La part de salariat et la féminisation des chefs d'exploitation qui se développent, modifient le rapport au métier et pourraient contribuer davantage au renouvellement des générations. Les préoccupations, environnementales et vis-à-vis du bien-être animal, suscitent des infléchissements, notamment agro-écologiques qui nécessitent de nouveaux apprentissages et des transitions toujours complexes. Les remises en cause, parfois frontales, de l'élevage côtoient des initiatives démontrant son utilité sociale comme pourvoyeur d'emplois, d'identité locale et de produits sains. La diversité dans les territoires des modèles d'élevage, les complémentarités entre eux et avec d'autres activités, agricoles ou non, ainsi que le renouvellement des outils de conseil sont autant de perspectives pour susciter le désir de "devenir éleveur". Cet article présente, à la lumière des mutations sociales, sociétales et économiques, les questions en débat autour du travail et du métier des éleveurs.

International audience ; For livestock farmers, the diversity of tasks, the freedom to act as he likes, the contact with nature and animals explain the attraction, often passionate, for an activity, in constant mutation due to technical and sociological evolutions. Gains in efficiency and productivity are diminished by the enlargement of the structures and the workload remains important. Nowadays livestock farmers seek to better balance work and private life, and to preserve their health, which implies decent working conditions, more daily serenity and a recognition of their societal role. Automation and robotization demand to acquire technological mastery, but allow time savings and bring flexibility in organizing days. The wage-earning and the feminization are developing: they modify farmers' job and could contribute more to the renewal of the generations. Environmental and animal welfare concerns lead to systems known to be more agro-ecological, but requiring new learning and complex transitions. The head-on questionings to livestock farming are offset by local initiatives demonstrating the social utility of farms which provide jobs, territorial identity and healthy products. The diversity of livestock models in the territories, complementarity between them and others agricultural and non-agricultural activities, as well as the renewal of advisory tools are part of perspectives to arouse the desire to become a farmer. This article presents, in the light of the social, societal and economic changes, the issues under dispute about the work and the profession of the livestock farmers. ; Pour les éleveurs, la diversité des tâches, la liberté d'agir à sa guise, la proximité avec la nature et les animaux expliquent l'attrait, souvent passionné, pour une profession en constante mutation suite aux évolutions techniques et sociologiques. Les gains d'efficience et de productivité sont rognés par l'augmentation de la taille des structures et la charge de travail reste toujours importante. Aujourd'hui les éleveurs cherchent un meilleur équilibre vie privée / vie professionnelle, à préserver leur santé et une reconnaissance de leur rôle sociétal, ce qui implique des conditions de travail correctes et plus de sérénité au quotidien. L'automatisation et la robotisation demandent d'acquérir une maîtrise technologique mais apportent de la souplesse et permettent des gains de temps. La part de salariat et la féminisation des chefs d'exploitation qui se développent, modifient le rapport au métier et pourraient contribuer davantage au renouvellement des générations. Les préoccupations, environnementales et vis-à-vis du bien-être animal, suscitent des infléchissements, notamment agro-écologiques qui nécessitent de nouveaux apprentissages et des transitions toujours complexes. Les remises en cause, parfois frontales, de l'élevage côtoient des initiatives démontrant son utilité sociale comme pourvoyeur d'emplois, d'identité locale et de produits sains. La diversité dans les territoires des modèles d'élevage, les complémentarités entre eux et avec d'autres activités, agricoles ou non, ainsi que le renouvellement des outils de conseil sont autant de perspectives pour susciter le désir de "devenir éleveur". Cet article présente, à la lumière des mutations sociales, sociétales et économiques, les questions en débat autour du travail et du métier des éleveurs.

Project-based working is so widespread today that Luc Boltanski and Eve Chiapello (1999) go so far as to regard the project-based 'mode of justification' as a component part of the new ideology of modern capitalism. This particular set of principles is applied in the legal, educational, psychological, political and managerial spheres, which confirms Jean Pierre Boutinet's vision (Boutinet 1990) of the project as a pervasive element of social life. The injunctions to make commitments and the promises of self-realisation purveyed by certain segments of the management literature have helped to create the myth of the good fortune to be gained from project-based work. The very vocabulary of project-based management seems laden with connotations: surpassing of oneself, reaching out beyond one's normal capacities, prevails over stress, leadership or coaching replaces authority and direction or guidance does duty for control. Employees working on projects become actors, a choice of language that emphasises the autonomy they are supposed to enjoy in order to get involved and bring projects to their conclusion. This 'managerially correct' discourse raises questions. It has something of the nature of an idealisation mechanism, as Jean Pierre Boutinet emphasises in the updated preface to his book 'Anthropologie du projet'. It seems to us, from the evidence provided by the project actors we have met, that certain collateral effects on human resources are produced; in particular, various forms of distress emerge for which no responsibility is really taken. This concern has to be set alongside the emergence of a professional and academic literature on distress at work, some of which has received considerable media attention (Dejours, 1998; Hirigoyen, 1998; Neveu, 1999).

Project-based working is so widespread today that Luc Boltanski and Eve Chiapello (1999) go so far as to regard the project-based 'mode of justification' as a component part of the new ideology of modern capitalism. This particular set of principles is applied in the legal, educational, psychological, political and managerial spheres, which confirms Jean Pierre Boutinet's vision (Boutinet 1990) of the project as a pervasive element of social life. The injunctions to make commitments and the promises of self-realisation purveyed by certain segments of the management literature have helped to create the myth of the good fortune to be gained from project-based work. The very vocabulary of project-based management seems laden with connotations: surpassing of oneself, reaching out beyond one's normal capacities, prevails over stress, leadership or coaching replaces authority and direction or guidance does duty for control. Employees working on projects become actors, a choice of language that emphasises the autonomy they are supposed to enjoy in order to get involved and bring projects to their conclusion. This 'managerially correct' discourse raises questions. It has something of the nature of an idealisation mechanism, as Jean Pierre Boutinet emphasises in the updated preface to his book 'Anthropologie du projet'. It seems to us, from the evidence provided by the project actors we have met, that certain collateral effects on human resources are produced; in particular, various forms of distress emerge for which no responsibility is really taken. This concern has to be set alongside the emergence of a professional and academic literature on distress at work, some of which has received considerable media attention (Dejours, 1998; Hirigoyen, 1998; Neveu, 1999).

Project-based working is so widespread today that Luc Boltanski and Eve Chiapello (1999) go so far as to regard the project-based 'mode of justification' as a component part of the new ideology of modern capitalism. This particular set of principles is applied in the legal, educational, psychological, political and managerial spheres, which confirms Jean Pierre Boutinet's vision (Boutinet 1990) of the project as a pervasive element of social life. The injunctions to make commitments and the promises of self-realisation purveyed by certain segments of the management literature have helped to create the myth of the good fortune to be gained from project-based work. The very vocabulary of project-based management seems laden with connotations: surpassing of oneself, reaching out beyond one's normal capacities, prevails over stress, leadership or coaching replaces authority and direction or guidance does duty for control. Employees working on projects become actors, a choice of language that emphasises the autonomy they are supposed to enjoy in order to get involved and bring projects to their conclusion. This 'managerially correct' discourse raises questions. It has something of the nature of an idealisation mechanism, as Jean Pierre Boutinet emphasises in the updated preface to his book 'Anthropologie du projet'. It seems to us, from the evidence provided by the project actors we have met, that certain collateral effects on human resources are produced; in particular, various forms of distress emerge for which no responsibility is really taken. This concern has to be set alongside the emergence of a professional and academic literature on distress at work, some of which has received considerable media attention (Dejours, 1998; Hirigoyen, 1998; Neveu, 1999).

Project-based working is so widespread today that Luc Boltanski and Eve Chiapello (1999) go so far as to regard the project-based 'mode of justification' as a component part of the new ideology of modern capitalism. This particular set of principles is applied in the legal, educational, psychological, political and managerial spheres, which confirms Jean Pierre Boutinet's vision (Boutinet 1990) of the project as a pervasive element of social life. The injunctions to make commitments and the promises of self-realisation purveyed by certain segments of the management literature have helped to create the myth of the good fortune to be gained from project-based work. The very vocabulary of project-based management seems laden with connotations: surpassing of oneself, reaching out beyond one's normal capacities, prevails over stress, leadership or coaching replaces authority and direction or guidance does duty for control. Employees working on projects become actors, a choice of language that emphasises the autonomy they are supposed to enjoy in order to get involved and bring projects to their conclusion. This 'managerially correct' discourse raises questions. It has something of the nature of an idealisation mechanism, as Jean Pierre Boutinet emphasises in the updated preface to his book 'Anthropologie du projet'. It seems to us, from the evidence provided by the project actors we have met, that certain collateral effects on human resources are produced; in particular, various forms of distress emerge for which no responsibility is really taken. This concern has to be set alongside the emergence of a professional and academic literature on distress at work, some of which has received considerable media attention (Dejours, 1998; Hirigoyen, 1998; Neveu, 1999).

Project-based working is so widespread today that Luc Boltanski and Eve Chiapello (1999) go so far as to regard the project-based 'mode of justification' as a component part of the new ideology of modern capitalism. This particular set of principles is applied in the legal, educational, psychological, political and managerial spheres, which confirms Jean Pierre Boutinet's vision (Boutinet 1990) of the project as a pervasive element of social life. The injunctions to make commitments and the promises of self-realisation purveyed by certain segments of the management literature have helped to create the myth of the good fortune to be gained from project-based work. The very vocabulary of project-based management seems laden with connotations: surpassing of oneself, reaching out beyond one's normal capacities, prevails over stress, leadership or coaching replaces authority and direction or guidance does duty for control. Employees working on projects become actors, a choice of language that emphasises the autonomy they are supposed to enjoy in order to get involved and bring projects to their conclusion. This 'managerially correct' discourse raises questions. It has something of the nature of an idealisation mechanism, as Jean Pierre Boutinet emphasises in the updated preface to his book 'Anthropologie du projet'. It seems to us, from the evidence provided by the project actors we have met, that certain collateral effects on human resources are produced; in particular, various forms of distress emerge for which no responsibility is really taken. This concern has to be set alongside the emergence of a professional and academic literature on distress at work, some of which has received considerable media attention (Dejours, 1998; Hirigoyen, 1998; Neveu, 1999).

The Institute for History Researches in Vicenza has widened its field of work which, until that moment, it was "the other" Europe. The institute is undertaking a research project on abandoned childhood between East and West". This project, which involves, until now, Italy, Ukraine and Romania, was born from the idea that social services for underage in the past had important similarities: from these observations is possible to deduce that the phenomenon was not only a peculiarity of the Western word, but it was spread all over Europe. The hypothesis of work is to put in comparison the different realities, realizing a useful operation for the general historical comprehension. Nowadays, the possibility of a comparison among different areas represents indeed the opportunity to rebuild the long-term circulation of ideas existing in the first years of the 20th century, as it is demonstrated by the multiplying of the international congresses on charity and childhood from the last years of the 19th century. Having a look to the past, the comparison enables to understand how these similarities have been growing slowly, through which channels and exchanges, how much they were truthful and how much they were simulated and how much, indeed, after the October revolution, the two parties of Europe were keeping similar customs. In this perspective, the project aims to open a construction site of research to go in depth with the comparison, giving relevance, in this phase, after some initial considerations, to a couple of specific and at the same time wide themes. The first one is the exchange of concepts and practices from one point of Europe to the other. The paths of these exchanges have to be traced period by period, identifying different levels: the one carried over by books, by treatises, by mails etc, and the one carried over by people –kings, high prelates, intellectuals, officials, travellers and so on- as well. The second theme analysed in the research, suggested by several studies conducted on social services realities in Italy, is born observing that institutes for underage were at the centre of a complex net of social, economic and political relationships with the territory. The reconstruction of this net and its evolution over the centuries enables to better understand the origin of the great variety of solutions adopted at the local level. Different and variable were the beneficiaries, different and variable were the welcoming habits and the organization of the social services, as well as there were different and variable perspectives of social re-integration, which had to conform, for example, to the productive transformations and the government projects. The idea supporting the research is to build a geographic history that helps to understand if and how the "models" preferred from time to time were consistent with the economic and social context in which the institutes were re-integrating their attendees, after having welcomed them. The scientific committee of the project is, at present time, composed by: Francesca Lomastro, from the Institute for history researches of Vicenza, Italy; Ioan Aurel Pop, from Cluj-Napoca University, Romania; Flores Reggiani, from the University of the Studies of Milan, Italy; Yuriy Shapoval, from the Sciences Academia of Kiev, Ukraine.

International audience ; Cet article revient sur la construction d'une identité académique par essais-erreurs d'une ancienne praticienne en ONG verte, s'étant lancée dans une recherche de thèse sur son champ socio-professionnel précédent. À partir d'un rapport au terrain fondamentalement empirique, d'abord naïf, puis construit, des choix théoriques et méthodologiques se sont progressivement dessinés, selon un processus inductif et itératif. Une première partie revient sur la difficulté de trouver un ancrage académique et une méthodologie robuste pour traiter une problématique questionnant la diffusion par une ONG globale de normes environnementales vers des niveaux national et territorial. Une seconde partie retrace l'enquête ethnographique multisite que le terrain a progressivement imposée, et l'évolution du rapport au « local » qui en a découlé pour le chercheur. Nous discutons en conclusion de l'attitude d'ensemble vis-à-vis du terrain que ces expériences ont permis de construire, impliquant in fine de poser des choix politiques et académiques spécifiques. ; This article deals with the academic questions of a former practitioner within green NGOs, involved in a research on her former professional area. On the basis of trials and errors, some theoretical and methodological options appeared progressively in this undertaking, according an iterative and inductive process, based on an empirical relationship with the field. The first part of the paper is focused on the difficulty to identify a relevant theorical framework as well as a survey methodology to analyze the dissemination of environmental norms promoted by an international NGO towards the national and local levels in Senegal. A second part explains the necessity of adopting progressively a multi-sited ethnographic approach, troubling the perception of the notion of local level for the researcher. In the conclusion, the question of the overall attitude to be adopted towards the field is discussed, with its academic and policy implications.