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Outlines a theory of self-organized democratic federalism for the US, drawing on the writings of Alexander Hamilton & James Madison. It is argued that contemporary political problems originating in the governance of undemocratic polities in the instrumentally organized, rationalized, & centralized nation-state can be resolved through federalism & decentralization. Despite the modern nation-state's institutionalization of dominant relations that privilege one group over another, a federalist approach grounded in democratic republicanism, entitling the people to rights as citizens of both the state & the nation, provides an effective alternative to the failure of the nation-state. In this reading of federalism, popular sovereignty in the modern Western nation would feature dominant, self-organizing economic, scientific, & liberal democratic systems. While the US Constitution emerged as a series of compromises to satisfy a wide variety of interests, the coherent internal logic used in the formulation of its fair procedural rules favored the development of a self-organizing system. J. Sadler

The application of systemic ideas and principles in working with people with intellectual disabilities, their families and their service systems, has grown over the last decade in the UK. This book, for the first time, brings together the writings of a group of practitioners who have been using this approach in their clinical practice. It is hoped it will inspire others to try out different ways of working with people with intellectual disabilities and their wider systems, so that they can have the choice of a wide range of therapeutic approaches. It is also hoped that systemic practitioners w

In this radical new view of the person of Jesus, political philosopher Lance deHaven-Smith examines early Christian writings to discover the message of social reform underlying the teachings of Jesus. Based on the premise that Jesus could not speak his thoughts openly without running afoul of the authorities, the book demonstrates how Jesus sought to dismantle worldly systems of command and status, and replace them with a society governed by a spirit of holiness.The Hidden Teachings of Jesus also explores how Jesus' prophecies are being fulfilled in the modern era. Huge systems of power, priv

The review article of Markus Krajewski's Paper Ma- chines: About Cards Catalogues, 1548-1929 (Cambridge - London: The MIT Press 2011) traces the con- ceptual history of the card catalogue while emphasizing the transforma- tion of library catalogues from bound and printed books into systems of standardized and mobile paper slips. It focuses primarily on the influence of material conditions of knowledge production on the nature of scientific knowledge and its classification - in this regard, it also analyzes the card catalogue system of Niklas Luhmann as an example of three-dimensional writing, in which his theory of social systems is written.

The article examines the inaugural encounter of the Greek theory of tyranny and the Roman institution of dictatorship. Although the twentieth century is credited for fusing the tyrant and the dictator into one figure/concept, I trace the origins of this conceptual synthesis in a much earlier historical period, that of the later Roman Republic and the early Principate, and in the writings of two Greek historians of Rome, Dionysius of Halicarnassus and Appian of Alexandria. In their histories, the traditional interest in the relationship between the king and the tyrant is displaced by a new curiosity about the tyrant and the dictator. The two historians placed the two figures alongside one another and found them to be almost identical, blurring any previous empirical, analytical, or normative distinctions. In their Greco-Roman synthesis dictatorship is re-described as `temporary tyranny by consent' and the tyrant as a `permanent dictator.' Dictatorship, a venerated republican magistracy, the ultimate guardian of the Roman constitution, is for the first time radically reinterpreted and explicitly questioned. It meets its first critics.

The health system is a term that includes personal, institutions, financing, information, commodities and Government governance strategy in providing prevention and treatment services to the community. The health system was created with the aim of can respond to the needs and expectations of the community-owned healthcare in fulfillment of a fair and equitable. Then, good healthcare in developing countries as well as developed countries do need a reform, reorientation, and revitalization. This study aimed to know the comparison of health systems in developed and developing countries. Analysis study of the writing is done through literature review. Developing countries and developed countries experienced many challenges in building a strong health system and reliable. Health systems in developed countries look better compared to developing countries, it can be seen from the public health status and health problems. Health systems in each country vary greatly, but one has the same objective namely to enhance public health degrees extended. Every developed country or developing country has pros and cons of each of any health system that has been applied. The success of a health system of a country depends on the spirit, dedication, perseverance, hard work, good teamwork, ability (Human Resources, facilities), the sincerity of the organizers, as well as the participation of the community in order to achieve Universal Health Coverage in increasing degrees of better public health.

Socialist literature in the 1950's is clearly characterized by fragmentation, both in source & substance, & by the replacement of the primacy of economics by sociol as the center of the socialist imagination. Crosland's THE FUTURE OF SOCIALISM is the most comprehensive work of the 1950's & is an extraordinarily able analysis, synthesizing both econ & soc factors, of the broad changes in British society since the wars; but his work falls short, by his own standards, of the claims of a socialist literature. By contrast, Strachey's CONTEMPORARY CAPITALISM has the classic look of something built to last; but socialist thought will, perhaps, be far more influenced by Pelling's & Poirier's histories of the Labour Party than by such works of comprehension, or by anthologies such as the NEW FASHION ESSAYS. The New Left book OUT OF APATHY is all denunciation & sectarian polemic & represents a complete rejection of pol'al values. British socialism must be inherently pluralistic, & good use can be made of any form of writing which is prepared to recognize that fact. AA- IPSA.

This article discusses democratic elements in early Islamic sources and in the programs of the Algerian FIS (Front Islamique du Salut) and ANNAHDA in Tunesia. According to historic writings, Islam includes the principles of democratic consensus, consultation, and freedom of opinion, and an understanding that the sources of Islamic jurisdiction are subject to interpretation, that the sharia can be changed, and that religious authorities' power to issue instructions on worldly matters is limited. These are the type of expectations that fundamentalist parties arouse when they speak of an Islamic caliphate as a state system. Against this background, an examination of the political system proposed until 1992 by the Algerian FIS shows that this system would have resulted in a very restrictive form of Islam. An investigation of the political system of the Tunisian fundamentalist leader Rached al-Ghannouchi reveals that the system he proposes may be designated as an Islamic democracy, since it takes into account separation of powers and pluralism of political parties. The head of state would be subject to the law in the same manner as the people. However, it is no liberal democracy, as he categorically rejects secularism, intends to punish apostates, and is only willing to allow political parties that are based on the religion of Islam. His state would only be a state of those citizens who follow Islam, completely neglecting secularist groups. Social conflicts and unrest are thus predetermined. Adapted from the source document.

THE AUTHOR SUMMARIZES THE SIGNIFICANCE OF NATURAL RIGHT THINKING FOR CLARENCE THOMAS'S WRITINGS ON THE SEPARATION OF POWERS AND CIVIL RIGHTS. HE RECOUNTS AND ANALYZES THE ARGUMENTS RAISED AGAINST THOMAS DURING HIS SUPREME COURT CONFIRMATION HEARINGS BY DIFFERENT INTEREST GROUPS, SCHOLARS, AND SENATORS ON THE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE. HE CONCLUDES WITH SOME REFLECTIONS ON THE PLACE OF NATURAL RIGHT THINKING IN CONSTITUTIONAL SCHOLARSHIP.

This article deals with exploring proposals to think about life as resistance, in the current context of educational excellence. For this purpose, a critique is made of the linear and binary rationalities that operate in the form of a single thought, and lead to reinforce a way of life - the neoliberal one. From there, it opens the way to approaches that support a perspective of life as resistance with authors such as Foucault (2012) and Deleuze (2008), with whom it is interesting to think about educational possibilities, together with the contributions emerging from bio-knowledge, as alternatives that distance themselves from the association between educational systems and devices of the art of government, posing the connection with vital practices as a way of displacing of such capture.In this sense, is recognized in the biopedagogies, an alternative to stoke forms of learning in life and for life, linked to the dynamics of environments, in which emotion, pleasure, desire and solidarity, are conditions of possibility for the construction of singular life forms. One of these vital and singular practices is the relationship of the teacher with his own writing, writing of himself, while becoming forms of creative lives, which seeks to be proposed and explored as resistance in the current contexts of functionalization of "Educational Excellence", to prepare the competent man of the market. ; Este artículo se ocupa de explorar propuestas para pensar la vida como resistencia, en el contexto actual de la excelencia educativa. Para este fin, se hace una crítica a las racionalidades lineales y binarias que operan bajo la forma de un pensamiento único, y conducen a reforzar una forma de vida -la neoliberal-. Desde allí, se abre paso a acercamientos que fundamentan una perspectiva de la vida como resistencia con autores como Foucault (2012) y Deleuze (2008), con los que interesa pensar posibilidades educativas, junto a los aportes emergentes de los saberes bio, como alternativas que se distancian del ensamblaje entre sistemas educativos y dispositivos del arte de gobierno, planteando la conexión con prácticas vitales como desplazamiento de tal captura.En este sentido, se reconoce en las biopedagogías, una alternativa para avivar formas de aprendizajes en la vida y para la vida, ligados a dinámicas propias de los entornos, en que la emoción, el placer, el deseo y la convivencia solidaria, son condiciones de posibilidad para la construcción de formas de vida singulares. Una de estas prácticas vitales y singulares es la relación del maestro con una escritura propia, escritura de sí, en tanto devenir de formas de vidas creativas, que busca ser propuesta y explorada como resistencia en los actuales contextos de funcionalización de la "Excelencia Educativa", para preparar al hombre competente del mercado.

In his late work on Christianity, Talcott Parsons obviously built upon the writings of both Durkheim and Weber. While he departed from the idea that increasing differentiation of the system of action did not have to threaten the unity of the system as a whole, his emphasis on structural differentiation was also complemented by one on value integration. He believed that, especially in the New World, religion (i.e. Christianity) has gradually become able to impose its definition of the situation in highly different, highly heterogeneous contexts of action. In this paper, I reconstruct Parsons' historical-sociological analyses of the relation between Christianity and modern society. I discuss how Parsons appropriated the writings of Durkheim and Weber – in ways which did not fully exploit the potential of some of these writings. I suggest some alternatives, which rely less on a concern with value integration (Durkheim) but more on one with the differentiation of meaning systems (Weber).

The action learning cycle : designing multimodal pedagogies -- Multiliteracies and inquiry : implications for pedagogy, planning and practice -- The codes and conventions of the semiotic systems : developing a metalanguage for literacy inquiry -- Developing dialogic talk and dialogic pedagogy : designing multiliterate classrooms -- Investigating the reading process in multiliterate classrooms : consuming multimodal texts -- Investigating the writing process in multiliterate classrooms : producing multimodal texts