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Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Marxism and Philosophy -- Everyday Life -- The Country and the City -- History, Time and Space -- Politics -- Introduction: Coming to Terms with Lefebvre -- Presence and absence -- Receiving Lefebvre -- The present work -- Mode d'emploi – ways to use this book -- Marxism and Philosophy -- Introduction -- Retrospections -- Unity of the Doctrine -- Prolegomenas -- Table of forms, systems and structures -- Praxis -- Poiesis -- Mimesis -- Irreducibles -- Marxian Thought and Sociology -- Beyond Structuralism -- Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche -- Triads and Dyads -- Table of triads (grouped together) -- Presence and absence -- Twelve Theses on Logic and Dialectic -- State -- The political or politics [le ou la politique] -- The State and political power -- A brief history of the State -- Becoming and the Historical -- The Critique of Everyday Life -- Introduction -- Mystification: Notes for a Critique of Everyday Life -- The unity of bourgeois culture -- Bourgeois values -- Death of the bourgeois revolutionaries -- A critique of sincerity -- Mystification -- Fetishism, alienation, mystification -- Elucidations -- The Social Text -- The End of Modernity? -- On Vulgarity -- Myths in Everyday Life -- The Country and the City -- Introduction -- Perspectives on Rural Sociology -- Preface to the Study of the Habitat of the 'Pavilion'1 -- Levels and Dimensions -- The Other Parises -- The Paris of knowledge? -- Political Paris? -- The Paris of business, commerce and production? -- History, Time and Space -- Introduction -- The Inventory -- Time and History -- 16. The concept of time -- 20. On the event -- 25. On worldwide history ('Weltgeschichte')1 -- 26. The period of transition and the exit from history -- 29. The overcoming of history -- 34. Appropriation

"Exploring the major historiographical, theoretical, and methodological approaches that have shaped studies on slavery, this addition to the Writing History series highlights the varied ways that historians have approached the fluid and complex systems of human bondage, domination, and exploitation that have developed in societies across the world"--

The Russian spelling reform of 1917-1918 was very successful - so successful that many young Russians, when confronted with a pre-1917 Russian text, do not know how to read , or . However, many reforms of writing systems have not met with success. Among them are the 1930 attempt to convert Russian to the Latin alphabet; the Second Chinese Character Simplification Scheme of 1977, which the PRC government had to withdraw in 1986; the French spelling reform of 1990, which is still ignored by most of the public; and the Latinization of Uzbek of 1993-1995, gether fifteen years, has not been implemented by newspapers and magazines. This paper examines a range of writing reforms (script reforms, spelling reforms, and glyphic reforms) - mainly from the Slavic and post-Soviet area - to determine which factors influence the success or failure of a reform and to what extent. Among the factors considered are the orthographic principles touched by the reform; the motivation for it; the scientific arguments put forward in the discussion; the semiotic values associated with the reformed writing system; the timing; the political system of the country; and the literacy rate of the speech community. The results of this analysis might be a bit disillusioning for us as linguists because linguistic factors turn out to play a very minor role compared to extralinguistic factors. In fact, the most decisive factor seems to be timing.

This miscellaneous volume collects contributions on nineteen projects dealing with Digital Epigraphy – they are diversified in geographic and chronological context, for script and language, and for typology of digital output. The objective is to point out the methodological issues which are specific to the application of information technologies to epigraphy, with a focus on data modelling and text annotation, lexicography and interoperability.

The Russian spelling reform of 1917-1918 was very successful – so successful that many young Russians, when confronted with a pre-1917 Russian text, do not know how to read 〈ѣ〉, 〈ѳ〉 or 〈ея〉. However, many reforms of writing systems have not met with success. Among them are the 1930 attempt to convert Russian to the Latin alphabet; the Second Chinese Character Simplification Scheme of 1977, which the PRC government had to withdraw in 1986; the French spelling reform of 1990, which is still ignored by most of the public; and the Latinisation of Uzbek of 1993-1995, which, even twenty years later and after the end of the twice extended 'transitional period' of altogether fifteen years, has not been implemented by newspapers and magazines. This paper examines a range of writing reforms (script reforms, spelling reforms, and glyphic reforms) – mainly from the Slavic and post-Soviet area – to determine which factors influence the success or failure of a reform and to what extent. Among the factors considered are the orthographic principles touched by the reform; the motivation for it; the scientific arguments put forward in the discussion; the semiotic values associated with the reformed writing system; the timing; the political system of the country; and the literacy rate of the speech community. The results of this analysis might be a bit disillusioning for us as linguists because linguistic factors turn out to play a very minor role compared to extralinguistic factors. In fact, the most decisive factor seems to be timing.

Abstract
The paper investigates the choice of writing system as the visual representation of identity in a specific multilingual and multi-ethnic context of antiquity, namely, the Achaemenid Empire. In particular, the discussion focuses on the linguistic and socio-cultural environment in Lydia and Hellespontine Phrygia, the western satrapies of the Persian Empire, where various languages and writing systems were available. Through the cases study analyzed here it has been possible to detect the symbolic status of a language – as well as that of its writing system – in the expression of ethnic identity at the local community level. In the case of Lydia, the analysis of the seals inscriptions provides evidence of identity negotiation from individuals of the local elite who were engaging with Persian power. The bullae from Daskyleion reflect a different linguistic practice in the context of power relations. Interestingly, even though the central imperial authority did not take advantage of any specific language use, including Aramaic, as a means to impose power, the presence of seals in Aramaic in the Daskyleion archive seems to suggest that it had status as an international prestige language, imbuing the inscriber of any ethnicity with the might of imperial power.

The text of an address given at a 2003 ceremony commemorating establishment of the pan-African parliament & the Peace & Security Council points out their importance in promoting security/stability in Africa, building African unity, & helping Africa take control of its own political future. An overview of Africa's history highlights the long enslavement of Africans justified by racism; the robbing of Africa's raw materials by imperialists/colonialists; the enforced "integration" of Africa into the world economy as an unequal & subservient member; & the neo-colonialism that led to economic exploitation, unstable political systems, increased poverty, & civil wars. Defining moments that led to the creation of democratic political systems are also noted & three great events in the African struggle are described: the 1804 victory of Haitian slaves; the victory of Emperor Menelik & the Ethiopians over the Italians in 1896; & the South African victory over apartheid 100 years later. These milestones are said to be an inspiration for Africans to become navigators of their own destiny. J. Lindroth

In this collection of essays the author discusses questions of definition and explores the complex issues of national integration, identity, language, belonging, and national unity. Professor Kashoki argues that 'One Zambia One Nation' is much more than a political slogan.

Contexts of and Relations between Early Writing Systems (CREWS) is a project funded by the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 677758), and based in the Faculty of Classics, University of Cambridge. Understanding Relations Between Scripts II: Early Alphabets is the first volume in this series, bringing together ten experts on ancient writing, languages and archaeology to present a set of diverse studies on the early development of alphabetic writing systems and their spread across the Levant and Mediterranean during the second and first millennia BC. By taking an interdisciplinary perspective, it sheds new light on alphabetic writing not just as a tool for recording language but also as an element of culture.

Political inquiry -- Critical thinking about politics -- Topic selection -- Locating research materials using indexes, databases, the internet, and mobile sources -- Creating evidence with primary and secondary data -- Properties of a good essay or research paper -- Common problems with writing -- Practices and expectations for manuscript format -- Referencing styles for author-date and footnote/endnotes systems -- Format and examples of activities to enhance comprehension and synthesis of class materials -- Format and examples of assignments for managing and processing information -- Format and examples of conventional research papers -- Format and examples of assignments requiring special techniques -- Format and examples of assignments with appropriate formatting for professional communication -- Format and examples of assignments organizing and documenting achievements for career development