Suchergebnisse

The foundation of writing skill, which has an important place in the academic and social lives of individuals, is laid in primary school. Examining the studies on the writing skills of primary school students provides information about the writing skill levels of the students, and also contributes to the examination of new methods and techniques in writing teaching. For this reason, in this study, it is aimed to examine the articles prepared on the writing skills of primary school students (1-4. grades) between the years 2012-2020 through thematic content analysis. In the research, 64 articles on the writing skills of primary school published between the years 2012-2020 were reached with the criterion sampling method. The articles were accessed from the ULAKBİM TR index and SSCI journals scanned in Turkey. Articles have been examined in accordance with 8 parameters including publication years, aims, methods, sample levels, data collection tools, data analysis methods, results and suggestions. The data obtained regarding the categories and sub-categories reached as a result of the analysis are presented in the tables together with the codes and frequency values given to the articles. As a result of the research; It has been determined that the articles examined were mostly published in 2018 and 2020, that were mostly studied with primary school fourth grade students and that research methods were used more frequently. In the articles examined, it was determined that suggestions were made for researchers, to the ministry of national education, families, schools, practices and universities.

Methodology and adherence to scientific ethics are the two most important points for any work. These are the two points that make a work successful or weak. This article, in this framework, is a review of the Kurdish Working Group's Writing Guide published by the Mesopotamia Foundation in December 2019. It is understood from the book that this Guide is the result of several years of the Kurmanci Working Group's work and was prepared with the participation of 20 academics / academically affiliated people. Although it has been prepared for several years, it can be seen that the work and the prepared Guide have serious problems in terms of scientific methods and ethics. Therefore, methodological problems and scientific ethics of the Guide and its preparation process have been evaluated in this article.

Öğrenciler, okula başladıkları ilk yıllarda okumayla birlikte yazmayı da öğrenir. Ancak sonraki yıllarda okuma ve yazma becerileri birbirinden bağımsız olarak ele alınır. Hatta yazma becerileri çoğu zaman ihmal edilmektedir. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda dil becerilerinin birbiri ile ilişkili olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Yani okuma becerileri, yazma becerilerini; yazma becerileri de okuma becerilerini etkilemektedir. Bu doğrultuda öğrencilerin dil becerileri geliştirilirken alt beceriler arası bu etkileşim göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Okuma ve yazma becerilerini etkileyen pek çok değişken vardır. Bunlardan biri de strateji kullanımıdır. Okuma ve yazma stratejileri, bu becerileri geliştirmede kullanılan kolaylaştırıcılardan biri olarak görülmektedir. Alan yazında yaş grubu özellikleri, metin türü ve etkinlik amacına göre değişkenlik gösteren pek çok okuma ve yazma stratejisine rastlanmaktadır. Bu stratejilerden biri de Derinlemesine Okuma ve Yazma (Close Reading and Writing)'dır. Derinlemesine Okuma ve Yazma stratejisi kullanarak, eleştirel bir bakış açısı ile öğrencinin zor bir metni analiz etmesi ve yazılı bir ürün oluşturması hedeflenir. Metni analiz edebilen, metinden elde ettiği bilgileri kullanabilen öğrencilerin okuryazarlık becerileri de gelişir. Bu açıdan ilkokul Türkçe dersi kapsamında bu çalışmalara yer verilmesinin önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bununla birlikte 2019 Türkçe Öğretim Programı'nda Derinlemesine Okuma ve Yazma ile ilgili çalışmaların olmadığı görülmektedir. Ayrıca uluslararası literatürde ilkokul düzeyinde Derinlemesine Okuma ve Yazma etkinliklerine yönelik çalışma sayısı sınırlıdır. Ulusal boyutta ise Derinlemesine Okuma ile ilgili oldukça az çalışma bulunurken; Derinlemesine Yazma ile ilgili çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Derinlemesine Okuma ve Yazma stratejisinin temel prensiplerini ortaya koymak, bu etkinlikleri hazırlarken nelere dikkat edilmesi gerektiği hakkında bilgi vererek çalışma örnekleri sunmaktır. Derinlemesine Okuma ve Yazma ile ilgili çalışmaların artırılmasının alana katkı sağlayacağı, bu stratejinin kullanılmasıyla öğrencilerin okuryazarlık becerilerini geliştireceği düşünülmektedir. Bu açıdan çalışma, Derinlemesine Okuma ve Yazmaya ilişkin literatürel bilgi içermesi ve somut uygulama örnekleri sunması bakımından önem arz etmektedir.

In this study, the primary aim is to research the efficiency of teaching idioms to the
1st grade students of French Language Teaching via context and dialogue writing
activities in small groups. Another aim is to form a general framework by researching the place of idioms, types of activities and how often they was used in the course boooks Alter Ego. This study is both quantitative and qualitative. The study
conducted in the 2015-2016 spring term, during the French Reading- II course and on
one group from the 1st grade (32 students) of the Programme in French Language Teaching. The pre-test/post-test model with one group used in the research.
With the students forming the experiment group, the most commonly used French
idioms will be taught by using context and dialogue writing activities with small
groups during the Reading courses for 6 weeks. Before the research, the group was
received a French Idiom Test consisting of 30 questions, prepared by the research- er.
The students' answers to this test constitute the quantitative data of this study and
their analysis conducted via SPSS.

The present study brings to light some of the original novelistic writing techniques that Salim Barakat evolved in his first novel entitled Fuqahā' al-Ẓalām (Sages of Darkness). With this novel, the author laid the foundation for techniques to be used in his subsequent novels. In the absence of an established Middle Eastern or Kurdish tradition of novel writing, Barakat had ample space to develop his own original techniques. He first published Sages of Darkness in 1985 in Nicosia Cyprus, and later published a second edition in Baghdad in 1994—with a further overlay of cinematic imagery and use of his own poetics and vocabulary as in his poems of the intervening period. An anthology of Barakat's poems in the original Arabic can now be read online. And there are also English translations in the Anthology of Aviva Butt's book of 20 September 2021(see the References at the end of this article). A previous article on Sages of Darkness published in IJOKS 7 (1) (2022) attempted to establish the genre of Barakat's novel as psychological realism with philosophical and fantastical elements—the first 50 pages were examined. In this study, I will mention the frequent symbolic relationship of the environment to Kurdish life—as seen in the first approximately 120 pages. A completed English translation of Sages of Darkness, including the remaining 90 pages underway, will hopefully be published by early next year.

In this article, I will address the topic of the Turkish minority in Bulgaria in the interwar period through the interpretive lens of the "linguistic" or better " alphabetic" fights,(1) placed in the context of the "Latinization" processes taking place in the wide Eurasian space, as well of the post-imperial sociopolitical dynamics.(2)To this aim, I describe the interesting and little known case of the writing practices of the Turkish community in Bulgaria in the period between the two world wars. In particular, I take into account the repercussions of Atatiirk's alphabetical reform in Bulgaria, demonstrating how the adoption of the Latin alphabet in Turkey represented a significant challenge for the country, triggering the fears of both the Bulgarian authorities and of the more conservative factions of the local Turkish community. In this context, I analyze the attitudes towards the Arabic and the Latin alphabet employed to write the Turkish language in the Balkan country, illustrating the reasons for the prohibition of the Turkish Latin alphabet, in an unprecedented combination of interests between Bulgarian authorities and Islamic religious leaders. I will try to show how in that specific historical moment, writing systems, far from being "neutral" communication elements, lent themselves to various manipulations of an ideological and political nature.My paper does not intend to represent a comprehensive contribution to the analysis of the complex subject of this community's religious or political identity, but it rather aims to shed light on the limitations faced by the Turks of Bulgaria in terms of their linguistic rights in a period when other communities in Southeast Europe were encountering similar difficulties.(3)

Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī's (d. 956/1549) Multaqā al-abḥur, published in 1517, quickly became one of the most authoritative fiqh texts in the Ottoman Empire. Ottoman authors treated it just as fiqh text. In their early writings, Western scholars also represented the book to their audiences as a fiqh book. However, by the late seventeenth century onward, Western authors started to portray the book as a code of the state in the modern sense of a uniform law. Some Muslim scholars in the late nineteenth century fallowed the same path. Thus, the representation of the Multaqā shifted from being a fiqh text to a code of the state. This article traces the historical process of this shift and argues that viewing the Multaqā as a code of the state was a misrepresentation that emerged under the influence of the notion of a modern nation-state.

Aviva Butt has just finished translating in collaboration with the author, Salim Barakat's first novel Fuqahā' al-Ẓalām (Sages of Darkness) written in 1985. The translation was done from a later original Arabic manuscript roughly the same as the 1994 Baghdadi edition. Sages of Darkness is a Kurdish Sufi novel depicting Kurdish life in late Ottoman times. It is, in fact, a philosophical novel with a strong dose of psychological realism, written in a style derived from Classical Modernism. And so, it is mainstream literature, an achievement in view of the late start in novel-writing by the Kurdish far-flung writers' community. The action line, full of suspense, violence, and murder, is greatly about the tribal notable "Avdei Sarei," who does everything he can to ensure the survival of his business and the economic health of his endeavors. In this article, the translator of Sages of Darkness analyzes Barakat's novelistic techniques for the purpose of prompting a better understanding of the novel, and by-the-by, if possible, to solve the enigma of the meaning of the title.

Individual treatises in the Hanafi jurisprudential tradition provide an opportunity and space of legitimacy for the madhhab's legal positions. Jurists (fuqahāʾ) mainly refer to the literature to consult texts (mutūn), collections on legal opinions (fatāwā), and treatises for examining social changes. The treatises addressed various subjects, including coffee, tobacco, cash waqfs, and hunting with firearms. Tobacco drew the attention of Ottoman scholars (ulema), who began writing on the matter in the seventeenth century. The government's strict measures against tobacco use and challenges among some scholars over their legal opinions on tobacco further kindled debates in the eighteenth century. Scholars, including Shaykh al-Islams, articulated various opinions on tobacco in their treatises and fatāwā. The variety of these opinions reflected methodological issues in jurisprudence. Notably, the scholars' positions on various issues such as independent reasoning (ijtiḥād), the divisibility of ijtiḥād, imitation (taqlīd), and derivation of rules from legal principles or sources (takhrīj) all factored into the outcome and legitimacy of a jurist's studies as well as to the level of a madhhab's bindingness in the society. Therefore, treatise authors supporting the permissibility (ibāḥa) of tobacco argue, "No jurist capable of practicing qiyās (analogical reasoning) exists in their own times and thereby the item whose permissibility is discussed is permissible by the principle of original permissibility." The others holding the opposite argument emphasized that qiyās was possible and still applied.

History of Tatars settled in Grand Duchy of Lithuania is longer than 620 years. Tatars who came in this territory yet in XIV century have preserved their identity thanks to their religion – Islam. Newcomers' diaspora consisted of various tribes' representa tives, who lacking generic language used their native Uluslararası Türk Dünyası Kültür Araştırmaları dialect. Based on the historical sources, it is assumed that in the middle of XVI century most of the Tatars in Grand Duchy of Lithuania starts losing their native Tiurkish language and adopting Belorus sian, later Polish languages, using which they were writing religious and secular texts in Arabic characters. Military service, which led to leaving homes for a long period, scattered accommodation, mixed marriages with Christian women, those are the reasons which cause rapid decline of native language. Feeling the necessity to explain their most important religious dogmas, Tatars started to translate their religious literature. Tatar manuscripts based on the content are divided into Qur/ans, Tafsirs (Qur/an translation and commentary), Kitaps (books), Hamails (prayer books; despite the prayers in Hamails are plenty of folk art, tips for everyday life), Tegvids (rules of Qur an reading). Until now there has remained one of the oldest Kitabs - Kitab of Kazan (1645), stored in Kazan University. In this article will be reviewed content peculiarities of the Kitab of Kazan and its importance for Tatar studies