Suchergebnisse

Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The development of sustainable transport systems in polish cities agglomerations in the context of european integration : in case of the Wroclaw agglomeration

The analysis in this article provides an overview of the research on the current relations among countries of the South China Sea basin. For this purpose, I have decided to apply the geopolitical research workshop, focusing on its contemporary approach. On the one hand, this work uses the available indicators and index to gauge the level of development, economic and demographic potential, and military expenditure of these states. On the other hand, an effort was made to analyze and measure power, taking into account the changing geopolitical status of countries in this sub-region. Contemporary geopolitics in this context allows to verify the scale of the impact on permanent environmental and geographic factors (e.g. publicized investments carried out by the People's Republic of China in Mischief Reef, Fiery Cross, Subi Reef and Woody Island) and the elaboration of proposals going beyond the classical, geopolitical framework (morphological, political and military factors). Therefore, this article also includes the use of geopolitical codes to assess the current strategies of these countries and to describe potential scenarios of actors' behaviour in the sub-region.

The article outlines the role of the EU in resolving the armed conflict in the western Sudanese province of Darfur, and explains the important role played by the EU in its engaged in peacekeeping and that guided his condition, as well as how it actions and decisions were received by the Darfurians and the government in Khartoum. Unfortunately, the nature and progress of the conflict, and above all, the great ignorance of the region and the population, makes all attempts to resolve the conflict are ineffective. Through these years, the EU has introduced a number of resolutions, declarations and sanctions. All this was not only to save the life of hundreds of thousands of civilians, but also opposition to the regime and impact on its interests. Unfortunately, there was no general coordination of EU the actions, not only in Darfur, but also in the whole of Sudan. That resulting chaos in actions related to the quality of cooperation between the EU bodies. There was no close co-operation aimed at planning of aid from the United Nations, also because it was a kind of rivalry between EU and UN organizations who want to be seen as a major mediator in peacekeeping.

This article presents an attempt to determine the importance of the European funds for the development and competitiveness of the Wrocław Agglomeration. The first part of this study presents the definitions used in this article and the characteristics of the Wrocław Agglomeration. The next part sets out the most important projects implemented with the use of the European Union funds in the Wrocław Agglomeration and shows the effects of using these funds in the region. Some of the projects implemented in the Wrocław Agglomeration were presented under the 2014-2020 financial scheme. In the final part of the study, an attempt is made to determine the importance of using funds for the development of the competitiveness of the Wrocław Agglomeration. ; W niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawiona została próba określenia znaczenia funduszy europejskich dla rozwoju aglomeracji wrocławskiej i jej konkurencyjności. W pierwszej części niniejszego artykułu zostały przedstawione definicje i pojęcia wykorzystywane w niniejszym artykule i charakterystyka aglomeracji wrocławskiej. W drugiej części niniejszego opracowania zostały przestawione najważniejsze projekty zrealizowane z wykorzystaniem środków Unii Europejskiej w aglomeracji wrocławskiej oraz pokazano efekty wykorzystania tych środków w tym regionie. Ponadto zaprezentowano część projektów realizowanych w aglomeracji wrocławskiej w ramach perspektywy finansowej 2014-2020. W końcowej części opracowania podjęto próbę określenia znaczenia wykorzystania niniejszych funduszy dla rozwoju konkurencyjności aglomeracji wrocławskiej.

Richard C. Hoffman's monumental study of rural life in medieval eastern Europe focuses on one region, the Duchy of Wroclaw, from the twelfth to sixteenth centuries. The duchy is in many ways a microcosm of medieval European society, and thus Hoffman's analysis addresses issues central to a broader understanding of a vanished society. His analysis of the records of the Duchy of Wroclaw challenges the western stereotypes of east central Europe that have been imposed on its medieval past by modern nationalisms. Honorable Mention, Wallace K. Ferguson Prize of the Canadian Historical Association

Die historische Region Schlesien besteht heute aus drei polnischen Woiwodschaften. Die Woiwodschaft Schlesien (województwo śląskie) mit der Hauptstadt Kattowitz (Katowice) ist trotz des Niedergangs des Kohleabbaus und der traditionellen Schwerindustrie eine wirtschaftlich stabile und attraktive Region, die Platz 2 in Polen (nach Masowien mit der Hauptstadt Warschau) einnimmt, wenn es um die Bevölkerungszahl und das Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) geht. Auch die Woiwodschaft Niederschlesien (woj. dolnośląskie) mit Breslau (Wrocław) als Hauptstadt nimmt einen prominenten Platz in polnischen Wirtschaftsrankings ein. Die zwischen den beiden gelegene kleinste polnische Woiwodschaft Oppeln (woj. opolskie) fällt wirtschaftlich weit unter den polnischen Durchschnitt ab, allerdings kann sie aufgrund der temporären Migration und der Transferleistungen aus dem Ausland bei den verfügbaren Einkommen mit den beiden anderen schlesischen Woiwodschaften mithalten. Alle drei haben dagegen demografische Probleme, bewirkt durch Geburtenrückgang, Überalterung der Bevölkerung und einen negativen Migrationssaldo. Die Zukunft wird zeigen, ob es Schlesien als Ganzes gelingt, die wirtschaftliche Dynamik beizubehalten, indem es den Strukturwandel von den alten Industrien zur wissensbasierten Wirtschaft erfolgreich meistert, oder ob es in der Peripherie und der »Falle des mittleren Einkommens« bleibt.

Die historische Region Schlesien besteht heute aus drei polnischen Woiwodschaften. Die Woiwodschaft Schlesien (województwo śląskie) mit der Hauptstadt Kattowitz (Katowice) ist trotz des Niedergangs des Kohleabbaus und der traditionellen Schwerindustrie eine wirtschaftlich stabile und attraktive Region, die Platz 2 in Polen (nach Masowien mit der Hauptstadt Warschau) einnimmt, wenn es um die Bevölkerungszahl und das Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) geht. Auch die Woiwodschaft Niederschlesien (woj. dolnośląskie) mit Breslau (Wrocław) als Hauptstadt nimmt einen prominenten Platz in polnischen Wirtschaftsrankings ein. Die zwischen den beiden gelegene kleinste polnische Woiwodschaft Oppeln (woj. opolskie) fällt wirtschaftlich weit unter den polnischen Durchschnitt ab, allerdings kann sie aufgrund der temporären Migration und der Transferleistungen aus dem Ausland bei den verfügbaren Einkommen mit den beiden anderen schlesischen Woiwodschaften mithalten. Alle drei haben dagegen demografische Probleme, bewirkt durch Geburtenrückgang, Überalterung der Bevölkerung und einen negativen Migrationssaldo. Die Zukunft wird zeigen, ob es Schlesien als Ganzes gelingt, die wirtschaftliche Dynamik beizubehalten, indem es den Strukturwandel von den alten Industrien zur wissensbasierten Wirtschaft erfolgreich meistert, oder ob es in der Peripherie und der »Falle des mittleren Einkommens« bleibt.

Presence-only models can aid conservation and management of threatened, elusive species. A MaxEnt model has been developed for the great capricorn beetle (Cerambyx cerdo L., 1758) in south-western Poland and the variables identified best explaining the species' occurrence on a large scale. Once successfully validated, the model was used to (a) illustrate the expected location of the species' habitats in the region and in existing Natura 2000 sites (SACs) in S-W Poland and (b) assess the efficacy of the regional network of national protected areas (NPAs) versus Natura 2000 (SACs). Overall, information was gathered on 1025 localities of C. cerdo L., 1758 in Lower Silesia. All the records came from the pedunculate oak Quercus robur L., 1753. The occurrence of the great capricorn beetle in the study region is limited mainly to its eastern part, with a marked concentration in the valleys of the rivers Odra, Barycz and Bystrzyca. The kernel density estimation analysis also showed the high concentration of occupied trees in the north-western part of the region, clearly isolated from the above-mentioned main populations. Although a considerable part of the localities in the study region (74.2%) occurred within protected areas (PAs), their contribution to the species' conservation varied between the PAs groups. Natura 2000 SACs are the most important PAs, covering more than 30% of the predicted area of suitable habitats in the region and more than 45% of optimal habitats. In total, 384 localities of C. cerdo L., 1758 were found within the cities, most of them (n = 356) in the city of Wrocław. Forty three percent (43%) of the urban localities of the species (n = 165) in the study region are protected within the regional network of protected areas (OPAs), while those unprotected are mainly concentrated in the city of Wrocław (n = 207). Wrocław also includes 17.1% of the area of suitable habitats and 29% optimal habitats of the species in the region outside the protected area network. To preserve C. cerdo L., 1758, forest corridors should be created or restored to bridge the otherwise impermeable gaps revealed by the authors' model and grant protection to the still largely unprotected area of the Lower Silesian territory. The species conservation programme in the region requires the cooperation of various authorities, not only those dealing with nature conservation, but also local governments, state forest management and flood protection authorities.

"Borders Crossed by Bibliophiles": Dutch 17th‑century Emblem Collections in the Possession of the University of Wrocław Library
The University Library in Wrocław has a rich collection of old works from the Netherlands, which proves that in the old days academic and bibliophilic research was carried out in the Silesian region. The works reflect various cultural, academic and religious connections between the inhabitants of Silesia and the ones of Western Europe. The printed texts give evidence confirming that Silesian bibliophiles purchased books abroad, as well as from the local book sellers. Thus, they participated in the academic and cultural movements of that time. The paper is to present the Dutch emblem volumes that are in the possession of the University Library in Wrocław, and especially how they made their way from the Netherlands to Silesia. A number of questions arise: why Silesian collectors used to buy works written in Dutch and whether that did not create a cognitive barrier for them. What kind of motivation could have inspired them to buy those books? Was it the so‑called peregrination academica that encouraged people to study in the Netherlands? What I would like to do as well is to show unlimited passions of library owners who were open‑minded to different fields of interest, which was reflected in their book collections that now are a part of the Library in Wroclaw.

The article identifies and analyses the impact of the cohesion policy on the Polish economy in the years 2004 -2014. The impact of EU funds in the article is assessed on the basis of the selected indicators of achieving basic goals of strategic documents, i.e. the National Development Plan 2004-2006, the National Cohesion Strategy 2007-2013, the Partnership Contract 2014-2020. Assessments of the impact of cohesion policy on the Polish economy are based on studies conducted using a system of macroeconomic HERMIN models, consisting of 16 regional models built by the research team of the Wrocław Regional Development Agency (WARR) along with the national model, being an element of the cohesion system of HERMIN models (CSHM) applied by the Directorate General for Regional and Urban Policy of the European Commission for evaluation of cohesion policy. The impact of EU funds on basic ma croeconomic indicators is obtained by comparing two scenarios with EU funds and without EU funds. The starting point is a scenario corresponding to a situation in which the analysed funds are used. The second of the scenarios is hypothetical and is created with the assumption that the economy has no access to funds described in the analysed strategic documents. The difference between both scenarios corresponds to the impact of funds.IntroductionBy the end of 2014, in Poland funds from structural funds and the Cohesion Fund were spent, with total value of approx. EUR 67.8 billion2. The average annual volume of payments under the cohesion policy in relation to GDP for the analysed period (2004-2014) was at the level of 1.7%. In the regional system, in the years 2004-2014, the largest level of payments in the nominal perspective characterized the following provinces: Mazowieckie more than EUR 10.8 billion and Śląskie more than EUR 7 billion. Further places are occupied by: Dolnośląskie approx. EUR 5.2 billion and Łódzkie and Wielkopolskie almost EUR 5 billion each. The smallest level of payments was recorded in Opolskie Province slightly above EUR 1.4 billion, and Lubuskie (EUR 1.9 billion) and Podlaskie (EUR 2.1 billion). Considering funds under the cohesion policy per capita and in relation to GDP, the highest level of payments could be noticed in Warmińsko-Mazurskie and Podkarpackie Provinces (funds from the EU account for in these regions approx. 3% of GDP and approx. EUR 2.2-2.4 thousand per capita) [13].

The article highlights major issues and problems regarding our understanding of the architecture of the Third Reich in Silesia through two examples: a public building of the Neue Regierung Office in Wrocław/Breslau, and a small village Neuvorwerk/Pogorzele near Przemków, a model settlement for forestry workers. One such issue is the image of Silesia as an area exposed to colonization and Germanization processes, especially in the Middle Ages and in the eighteenth century. Another is the Third Reich's selective use of history and the architecture of the past in propaganda, which fed into the myth of German Silesia and the superiority of German achievements in the region. The impact of these concepts and personal relationships are evident in projects implemented later in the occupied territories.

One has emerged five metropolis in Poland. These are: Warsaw and Łódź, Kraków and Katowice, Gdańsk and Gdynia, Poznań, Wrocław. Each of these metropolis has been described. The number of inhabitants in 2015 has been set. Together the inhabitants of these metropolis make up 38.2% of country's population. According to the demographic projection of GUS (Central Statistical Office) up to 2050, the projection of population changes for five metropolis has been set. Their population might increase from the current 14,7 M to over 20 M people in 2050. This means that the influence of metropolis on country's space structure will increase. Current structure based on polycentric aspects will transform into future structure shaped by the metropolis, in the form of metropolitan regions. Metropolitan "pentagon" of Poland will arise. Such structure will be in favor of country's economic development. ; Wyodrębniono w Polsce pięć metropolii. Są to metropolie Warszawy i Łodzi, Krakowa i Katowic, Gdańska i Gdyni, Poznania oraz Wrocławia. Każdą z tych metropolii scharakteryzowano. Określono w nich zaludnienie w 2015 r. Łącznie zaludnienie pięciu metropolii stanowi obecnie 38,2% zaludnienia ogółem kraju., W nawiązaniu do prognozy demograficznej GUS do 2050 r. określono w dwu wariantach prognozę zmian zaludnienia dla pięciu metropolii. Ich zaludnienie może wzrosnąć z obecnego wynoszącego 14,7 mln osób do ponad 20 mln osób w 2050 r. Oznaczać to będzie narastanie oddziaływania metropolii na strukturę przestrzenną kraju. Obecna struktura o cechach policentrycznych, będzie się przekształcać w przyszłą strukturę kształtowaną przez metropolie, w postaci regionów metropolitalnych. Powstanie "pentagon" metropolitalny Polski. Struktura ta będzie sprzyjać wzrostowi gospodarczemu kraju.