Suchergebnisse

Adolescents are the focus of many interventions that aim to prevent HIV transmission. In order for these interventions to be effective, it is essential to understand adolescents' sexual behaviour. Using data collected in Yaoundé, Cameroon, in 1997, the study analysed risk exposure and HIV prevalence among 426 men and 510 women aged 15–24. Although risky behaviours seem to be more prevalent among young men, their HIV prevalence remains under 1%. In contrast, HIV prevalence is high among young women (7·5%), even those who report having had few sexual partners. Mixing patterns among sexual partners, and especially the age difference between men and women, do not seem to be sufficient to explain the large male–female discrepancy in HIV prevalence that is evident in these data. The results are therefore probably due to a greater susceptibility to infection of young women than men. This study highlights the necessity of reinforcing prevention campaigns among youth and fighting the obstacles that continue to impede the use of condoms in this population.

AbstractHow was 'international trade' between former European empires and their former colonies in Africa governed after decolonisation? In the 1960s, the vast majority of African countries became independent, and so a new arrangement was necessary to govern their economic relations with Europe. The Yaoundé Conventions were then concluded between the European Community (EC) and the bloc of postcolonial African countries. Specialised literature provides comprehensive accounts of the Yaoundé Conventions. However, little is known about the role of law and lawyers in their making and governance. Part of this story concerns political and intellectual struggles in the legal profession about which projects, ideas, and norms would be applicable. Another part concerns the work of lawyers to organise those policies, theories and visions into an emerging conception and to employ it to influence the production and management of the Yaoundé Conventions. This article combines historical and socio-legal approaches to show that a distinct legal conception of regional trade agreements—called here the 'development framework'—was pivotal to the design and application of the Yaoundé Conventions. This conception was primarily advanced and persuasively used by European and African lawyers. This contrasts with the conventional view that trade agreements are variations on a single legal concept. It is concluded that EC–Africa regionalism was a singular experiment, due significantly to the unique features of this legal conception.

Depuis son accession à l'indépendance en 1960, le Tchad a généralement été en conflit. Une situation qui a contribué à entraver les efforts du développement. Au-delà de la matérialisation de la guerre sur le terrain, un important flux migratoire a pris le chemin des pays voisins retenant à la fois l'attention de la presse et de nombreux témoins. Voilà pourquoi on note depuis une cinquantaine d'années, un afflux sans précédent, des mouvements de déplacés et/ou immigrés tchadiens au Cameroun. La description des fugitifs au cours d'une guerre évoque des déplacements des personnes fuyant des horreurs inhérentes à la guerre. Ces personnes passent du statut de réfugiés à migrants et s'intègrent dans la société et parviennent à gagner leur pain. Cet article permet de connaître les stratégies utilisées pour vivre en s'insérant dans les activités socio économiques notamment les petits métiers. L'article apporte aussi une réponse à la question de l'intégration régionale en Afrique centrale.

AbstractThis article examines how work towards the promise of love marriage comes to be exhausted. It focuses on young urban women living in Yaoundé, Cameroon, trying to 'catch' a husband using digital technologies in which photographs figure prominently. Focusing on the visual production of dating profiles, I show how mobile phones place young women at the centre of their own husband‐catching pursuits. Through digital actions, these young women produce the promise of love marriage, but at the same time their actions require increased volumes of emotional work. As phones constantly compel young women to intensify their husband‐catching efforts and amplify the promise of love marriage, they rarely bring the desired results. Thus, young women, burdened by the emotional work necessary to sustain this promise, experience a form of love burnout, suspend their actions, and delay marriage. In highlighting the emotional laboriousness of intimate relations in technologically mediated worlds, this article draws out the limitations of the way in which the promise of love marriage is circulated and points to how neoliberal economies of affect may be temporarily suspended.

La ville africaine ne saurait plus être analysée seulement comme « ville violente », sans avenir ; il y a lieu de l'observer aussi comme un véritable « laboratoire » des dynamiques urbaines où se construisent de nouveaux modes de vie, des dynamiques imprévues et annonciatrices de ruptures politiques, sociales et économiques. A Yaoundé ou à Douala, au Cameroun, il ne se passe pas de weekend sans que l'on n'observe des carnavals de mariage dans les rues principales. Ces carnavals, qui regroupent très souvent des centaines de personnes ou des dizaines de voitures, attirent au passage tous les regards, arrachent à la fois des applaudissements, des cris d'admirations et des brocards. Ils occupent sans autorisation administrative la voirie urbaine, imposent aux autres citoyens une circulation difficile, bref, ils marquent une véritable appropriation de l'espace public urbain. Ce phénomène émergent dans les villes camerounaises suscite des interrogations à la fois sur ses logiques et surtout sur ses enjeux pour les acteurs sociaux.

In this article we comparatively explore experiences and notions of retirement in two ethnographic sites of Milan, Italy, and Yaoundé, Cameroon, by paying attention to how grandparenting is perceived and practiced in relation to kinship roles and responsibilities. The paper draws on comparative insights from the ASSA project and focuses on Walton's research in Milan and Awondo's in Yaoundé, carried out between 2018–2019. The paper explores how both retirement and grandparenting can be embedded in social and moral narratives, gendered distinctions, and various idealisations, while also reflecting individual positionalities and economic roles and responsibilities. Our discussion moves beyond the family context as a unit for analysis, considering how grandparents enact care in urban communities and related online environments such as WhatsApp groups. After a brief introduction to the two field sites, the first section of the paper addresses retirement in Milan and Yaoundé, before turning to consider how grandparenting and retirement is linked to wider conceptions of obligation and freedom in these two different urban neighbourhood contexts.