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AbstractThis paper performs a cross-country level analysis on the impact of the level of specific youth minimum wages on the labor market performance of young individuals. We use information on the use and level of youth minimum wages, as compared to the level of adult minimum wages as well as to the median wage (i.e., the Kaitz index). We complement these data with variables on the employment, labor force participation, and unemployment rates of 5-year age interval categories—all derived from the official OECD database. We distinguish between countries without minimum wages, countries with uniform minimum wages for all age groups, and countries with separate youth and adult minimum wages. Our results indicate that the relative employment rates of young individuals below the age of 25—as compared to the older workers—in countries with youth minimum wages are close to those in countries without minimum wages at all. Turning to the smaller sample of countries with minimum wages, increases in the level of (youth) minimum wages exert a substantial negative impact on the employment rate for young individuals.JEL Classification:J21, J23, J31

Drawing on the findings of a two-year European research project, this book presents a new model for responding meaningfully and effectively to the 'problem' of how to respond to violence involving young people that continues to challenge youth workers and policy makers.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- CONTENTS -- List of boxes, figures and tables -- Acknowledgements -- Author biographies -- 1 Becoming a youth worker -- 2 Learning to "read": cultivating ecological intelligence -- 3 Navigating inexperience: how reflection guides practice for a novice youth worker -- 4 Balancing high expectations, program structure, and youth realities: making kids fit the program or the program fit the kids -- 5 Balancing conflicting values from home, a youth organization, and the community: keeping youth well-being at the center of youth work -- 6 Youth worker and organizational responses to risky behavior and dangerous situations -- 7 Balancing youth privacy with the youth worker's need for information: the importance of organizational support in dilemma resolution -- 8 Activating personal knowledge to balance the needs of high-risk youth with the safety of others in the program -- 9 "When I heard who it was, I knew it wasn't a real gun": "reading" the context to maintain safety -- 10 "Do they think we're not in charge?": addressing dilemmas that arise in a Social Justice Youth Development approach -- 11 Crosscutting themes and implications for youth worker professional development -- Index.

Youth-adult partnerships in child and youth services engage the participants in collaborative, shared decision making, in areas such as governance, program planning and implementation, and advocacy. However, these partnerships often occur in isolation, and fail to engage in potentially useful, larger conversations about theory and research. Therefore, in an effort to provide common grounds for understanding and engaging in such partnerships, we offer an overview of current literature. We discuss definitions and discourses, describe models of youth-adult partnerships, and briefly consider current research on potential benefits for youth, adults, organizations, and communities. We also present challenges and promising practices for adult allies engaged in youth-adult partnerships.

Although youth have long been at the forefront of social change, the last two decades have seen an upsurge in the number of organizations, agencies, and governmental bodies dedicated to supporting the idea of youth voice in public policy. Drawing on in-depth individual interviews with 32 youth in one major urban center, this study compares how participation in differently positioned political activities influences participants' sociopolitical identities and their views of the most effective mechanisms for social change. Specifically, this research compares youth involved in a government-sanctioned youth commission, developed to advise policymakers, with youth involved in a community-based youth organizing group, focused on fighting for educational reform. The study explores similarities and differences in the two sets of participants' civic commitments, sense of agency, and beliefs about the process of social change.

Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Illustrative Material -- Acknowledgement -- Notes on the Contributors -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1 The Early History of Youth Work Practice -- Graham Bright -- Introduction -- Framing Youth Work -- Our Contemporary Need for History -- The Contextual Backdrop to Youth Work's Emergence:A Critical View -- The Emergence of Adolescence -- Tracing Histories -- The Great War -- Between the Wars -- Conclusion -- 2 State Beneficence or Government Control?Youth Work from Circular 1486 to 1996 -- Simon Bradford -- Introduction -- Wartime Youth Work: Incipient Professionalism -- Into the Postwar Period: Welfare Professionalism -- The New Right and Thatcherism: Performative Professionalism -- Conclusion -- 3 In the Service of the State: Youth Work underNew Labour -- Howard Sercombe -- Introduction -- Background: The British Labour Party and Neo-liberalism -- Third Way -- New Labour and Youth Work -- Connexions -- New Labour in Scotland: Working and Learning Together -- Conclusion -- 4 Volunteers and Entrepreneurs? Youth Work and the Big Society -- Tania de St Croix -- Introducing the Big Society -- Cuts and Redundancies -- Neo-liberal Youth Policy: Celebrating the Entrepreneur -- Diversifying Organizations -- The National Citizen Service -- Conclusion: Youth Work and the Shadow State -- 5 Local Authority Youth Work -- Pat Norris and Carole Pugh -- Introduction -- The Context for English Local Authority Youth Services:We're 'Positive for Youth'- but with No Budget -- Current Challenges within Local Authority Provision:Themes Emerging from the Case Studies -- Reducing 'Universal' Provision? -- Renewed Awareness of and Relationship with the Voluntaryand Community Sector -- Conclusion: What Can Endure within Local AuthorityYouth Work? -- 6 Youth Work in the Voluntary Sector.

There is an emerging consensus that new approaches are needed to take account of the impact of social conditions on young people's lives. We argue that an approach informed by the sociology of generations can highlight the interrelationships between changing social context and life patterns. This approach enables policies that aim to enhance the social inclusion of youth at risk to recognise the intersections between individual and social transitions that shape the changing experience of youth. We argue that social change needs to be recognised in order to ensure that policies are based on a sound understanding of new patterns in young lives.

Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Making Youth: A History of Youth inModern Britain -- Introduction -- Defining youth -- The emergence of modern youth -- Key themes and moments of transition -- Chapter outlines -- 1 Working Youth and Educating the Young -- Young people at work -- Youth employment from the end of the First World War -- Class and schooling -- Educating working-class youth -- 2 Troublemaking and Imposing Order -- The juvenile criminal justice system -- Trends in the treatment of youth crime -- The ebb and flow of punishment and rehabilitation -- Conclusion -- 3 Organised and Unorganised Youth -- Youth gangs -- Organised youth movements -- Political youth -- Containing youth in a changing world -- Youth-led anti-racist activism -- The evolution of a state-funded youth service -- 4 Policing Sexual Behaviour -- Sexual reputation -- Class distinctions in courtship -- Sexual boundaries -- Youth and same-sex activities -- Wartime transgressions -- Post-war trends -- 5 Leisure and Consumption -- Youth consumption in the nineteenth century -- Cultures of girls and young women -- Rebellious and disaffected styles -- Post-war youth -- Shaping a national youth culture -- 6 New Youth Identities -- Youth in the long 1960s -- Counter-cultures and political radicalism -- Black youth: creative otherness -- Youth sub-cultures -- Punk and girl power -- Conclusion -- 7 Youth Transforming -- Postscript -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.

Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Table and Figures -- Acknowledgements -- Notes on Contributors -- Introduction: Contemporary Youth Research: Issues, Controversies and Dilemmas -- Part 1 Youth Research in Context -- 1 Problems and Priorities for the Sociology of Youth -- 2 Mods and Shockers: Youth Cultural Studies in Britain -- Part 2 Principles of Practice -- 3 Framing Youth: Reviewing Locally Commissioned Research on Young People, Drug Use and Drug Education -- 4 Practice-based Research as Development: Innovation and Empowerment in Youth Intervention Initiatives using Collaborative Action Inquiry -- 5 Onions and Apples: Problems with Comparative European Youth Research -- Part 3 Reflections on Fieldwork -- 6 Ethnography in Practice: A Case Study Illustration -- 7 Researching Young Women's Bodies: Values, Dilemmas and Contradictions -- 8 E-heads Versus Beer Monsters: Researching Young People's Music and Drug Consumption in Dance Club Settings -- Part 4 Issues in Ethnography -- 9 Double Exposure: Exploring the Social and Political -- 10 Researching Young People as Consumers: Can and Should We Ask Them Why? -- 11 The Use of 'Insider' Knowledge in Ethnographic Research on Contemporary Youth Music Scenes -- Bibliography -- Index.