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"A society's response to young offenders conveys important messages about its attitude to youth and has a significant implications for its futue. This book is intended to give an introduction to the laws governing young people who come into conflict with the law. It has a particular focus on Canada's Youth Criminal Justice Act." "While the primary focus of this book is on the legal issues that arise in the youth justice system, the book is premised on the belief that youth justice issues must be understood in a broader context. This book includes some discussion of constitutional, evidentiary, and procedural issues that are relevant to youth justice; it also explores some of the ethical and practical issues that confront lawyers and other professionals working in the youth justice system. The book considers the broader social and political context for issues of adolescent offending and youth justice."--BOOK JACKET

In this Article, I draw upon public health, neurodevelopmental, and psychosocial research to argue that PrEP is a necessary tool in the fight against HIV among youth. Thus, exploring the challenges of delivering PrEP to at-risk youth is essential. As a general rule, states mandate the involvement of parental figures in the healthcare of minors. However, recognizing that parental involvement in sensitive matters such as sexually transmitted infection (STI) treatment is a barrier to reaching youth, legislators have crafted limited exceptions to this rule. With the goal of locating inroads to confidential PrEP access in these exceptions, I survey STI, emancipation, and emergency consent laws, develop frameworks for navigating them, and suggest that STI laws offer the most promise of offering confidential PrEP access. Further, I posit that providing PrEP at clinics receiving Title X family planning funds, which must offer confidential services to youth, may be a national means of achieving that end. Yet guaranteeing accessibility is only one piece of the delivery puzzle; guaranteeing acceptability is a second. As such, I propose the addition of PrEP to sexual education programming funded by grants from the ACA s Personal Responsibility Education Program, which would ensure that curricula include PrEP alongside more established prevention methods such as condoms. Overcoming these barriers will pave the way for rapid uptake of future HIV prevention innovations for and among the most vulnerable: our youth.

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction | Gloria Howerton and Leanne Purdum -- Part 1: Attempts to Categorize and Manage Youth -- 1. Working and Schooling: A Critical Geography of Child Labor and Compulsory Education Laws in the Early Twentieth-Century United States | Meghan Cope -- 2. Protecting Youth: The Dismantling of Youth as a "Particular Social Group" in Contemporary Asylum Law | Kristina M. Campbell -- 3. "Met with the Full Prosecutorial Powers": Zero-Tolerance Family Separations, Advocacy, and the Exceptionalism of the Child Asylum Seeker | Leanne Purdum -- 4. Understanding New York's Opt-Out Movement: How School Segregation Shaped the Nation's Largest Resistance to Standardized Testing | Olivia Ildefonso -- Part 2: Youth Resistance and Resilience -- 5. The Coming of the Superpredators: Race, Policing, and Resistance to the Criminalization of Youth | Marsha Weissman, Glenn Rodriguez, and Evan Weissman -- 6. BreakOUT!: Queer and Trans of Color Activism in New Orleans | Krista L. Benson -- 7. Black Youth Resistance to Policies, Practices, and Dominant Narratives of the St. Louis Voluntary Desegregation Plan | Jerome E. Morris and Wanda F. McGowan -- 8. The Tribunal of the Future: Youth, Responsibility, and Temporal Justice in US Climate Change Litigation | Mark Ortiz -- Contributors -- Index.

"Scholarly and activist perspectives on an area of identity often overlooked in the study of geography: youth and age"--

This chapter introduces the main features of Russian youth policy and focuses on how it is being implemented in the territories classified as the Arctic zone by Russian law. While Russia does not have a specific law on youth or on the Arctic, both are strategically important for the development of the country, and numerous legal and political measures are implemented for youth in the Arctic. The chapter analyses three levels of regulation pertaining to youth in the Arctic, reflecting the organizational levels of the Russian state, that is, the federal, regional and municipal. We first trace how the main principles of national youth policy are interpreted differently in the regional administrative units of the Arctic. We then illustrate the implementation of particular municipal programmes through case studies from the cities of Neryungri (Yakutia), Novy Urengoy (Yamal), and Kirovsk/Apatity (Murmansk Region). We conclude that Russian law cannot currently handle the challenges facing Arctic youth, because it is too fragmented and antiquated. Furthermore, funding is lacking for its implementation, rendering some legislation tokenistic in nature and limited in effect. Federal laws on youth and the Arctic might solve that problem if backed by budget programmes. In the region, the main focus of youth policy is producing qualified personnel for the extractive industries, a focus too narrow to make the Arctic attractive enough to youth as place in which to realize their dreams. However, our cases show that there is more agency in Russia's Arctic regions than the image of a strong centralized federal state with a strong president might suggest.