Suchergebnisse

Розглянуто стосунки польської та української політичної опозиції з початку утворення «Солідарності» (1980) та до розпаду Радянського Союзу (1991). Досліджуються стосунки і моменти співпраці між щойно створеною «Солідарністю» та набагато менш розвиненою полі¬тичною опозицією в Україні, що в кінцевому результаті призвело до примирення між опозиційними групами та країнами в 1989-1991 рр. ; The article discusses the relations between Polish and Ukrainian political oppositions since the foundation of Solidarity (1980) until the collapse of the Soviet Union (1991). The main purpose is to demonstrate how contacts and cooperation between the newly-established Solidarity trade union in Poland and the far less developed political opposition in Ukraine led to the eventual reconciliation between these movements and between Ukraine and Poland in 1989-1991. Polish political opposition, Polish-Ukrainian reconciliation, Lublin student community, "Rukh", Ukrainian dissident movement.

The theme of cooperation between the army and the church has always taken place in Ukrainian society.Ukraine's gaining of state independence, its transformation processes as a post-Soviet country, the presence of contradictory tendencies in its development, the elimination of communist ideology, deepened the destruction in the public consciousness and created a certain ideological vacuum in the sphere of morality and spirituality. Expanding democracy, building the appropriate spiritual foundations, moralizing society have become more relevant and have become one of the important markers of modern society development, including the Armed Forces of Ukraine.The article analyzes the place and role of the Church in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, as well as the introduction of pastoral care in the military environment and the development of cooperation with the church. Some historical aspects of participation of religious confessions of Ukraine in the process of formation and development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, as well as their role and place in the spiritual and cultural education of the of the Armed Forces personnel are covered. A historical analysis of the state and dynamics of the development of rela-tions between Ukrainian Orthodox churches and the state in the field of spiritual care of servicemen is conducted. Concrete steps regarding the introduction of the institute of military clergy (chaplain service) in the Armed Forces of Ukraine dur-ing the formation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine during 1991-1994 were consi-dered and analyzed, as well as the most objectively covered processes that became the driving force during the formation and development of the military-religious relations in the outlined period. On the basis of the historical facts analyzed, a model of meeting the reli-gious needs of servicemen in the period of formation and development of military- religious relations was established, as well as a system of education of servicemen in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and implementation of practical measures for organizing such work in the military environment. ; У статті проаналізовано деякі історичні аспекти участі релігійних кон- фесій України у процесі створення, становлення та розвитку Збройних Сил України. Висвітлено їх роль та місце в духовному та культурному вихованні особового складу Збройних Сил України. На основі проаналізованих істо- ричних фактів встановлено модель задоволення релігійних потреб військо- вослужбовців у період зародження і розвитку військово-релігійних відносин.

The theme of cooperation between the army and the church has always taken place in Ukrainian society.Ukraine's gaining of state independence, its transformation processes as a post-Soviet country, the presence of contradictory tendencies in its development, the elimination of communist ideology, deepened the destruction in the public consciousness and created a certain ideological vacuum in the sphere of morality and spirituality. Expanding democracy, building the appropriate spiritual foundations, moralizing society have become more relevant and have become one of the important markers of modern society development, including the Armed Forces of Ukraine.The article analyzes the place and role of the Church in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, as well as the introduction of pastoral care in the military environment and the development of cooperation with the church. Some historical aspects of participation of religious confessions of Ukraine in the process of formation and development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, as well as their role and place in the spiritual and cultural education of the of the Armed Forces personnel are covered. A historical analysis of the state and dynamics of the development of rela-tions between Ukrainian Orthodox churches and the state in the field of spiritual care of servicemen is conducted. Concrete steps regarding the introduction of the institute of military clergy (chaplain service) in the Armed Forces of Ukraine dur-ing the formation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine during 1991-1994 were consi-dered and analyzed, as well as the most objectively covered processes that became the driving force during the formation and development of the military-religious relations in the outlined period. On the basis of the historical facts analyzed, a model of meeting the reli-gious needs of servicemen in the period of formation and development of military- religious relations was established, as well as a system of education of servicemen in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and implementation of practical measures for organizing such work in the military environment. ; У статті проаналізовано деякі історичні аспекти участі релігійних кон- фесій України у процесі створення, становлення та розвитку Збройних Сил України. Висвітлено їх роль та місце в духовному та культурному вихованні особового складу Збройних Сил України. На основі проаналізованих істо- ричних фактів встановлено модель задоволення релігійних потреб військо- вослужбовців у період зародження і розвитку військово-релігійних відносин.

У статті розглянуто концептуальні основи політики Японії щодо пострадянських країн та проаналізовано еволюцію її зовнішньої політики в регіоні з моменту розпаду Радянського Союзу до часів уряду прем'єр-міністра С. Абе, тобто з 1991 р. до 2016 р. Основну увагу приділено зовнішньополітичним ініціативам Японії "Євразійська дипломатія", "Центральна Азія плюс Японія" та "Арка свободи та процвітання", а також фінансовій допомозі країнам регіону. Визначені проблемні сфери та перспективи подальшого розвитку відносин Японії з пострадянськими країнами. ; В статье рассмотрены концептуальные основы политики Японии в отношении постсоветских стран и проанализирована эволюция ее внешней политики в регионе с момента распада Советского Союза до времен правительства премьер-министра С. Абэ, т. е. с1991 г. по2016 г. Основное внимание уделено внешнеполитическим инициативам Японии, таким как "Евразийская дипломатия", "Центральная Азия плюс Япония" и "Арка свободы и процветания", а также финансовой помощи странам региона. Выявлены проблемные сферы и перспективы дальнейшего развития отношений Японии с постсоветскими странами. ; This article gives an outline of conceptual foundations of Japan's political course towards the post-Soviet states and analyzes evolution of its foreign policy in the region since the collapse of the Soviet Union until Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's administration in the period from 1991 to 2016.As a result of conducted research the author concludes that Japan's policy in the post-Soviet region has expanded gradually from East to West and that its original strategy is still utilized by Japan's government.After the collapse of the Soviet Union, besides financial and nuclear security assistance to the region, the government of Japan focused on two main tasks, one being search of ways to resolve the dispute of the Kuril Islands - one of the most important issues of Japan's modern foreign policy, and the other one - establishing relations with Central Asian republics. The development of relationship between Japan and Central Asia was achieved by introducing the concept of "Eurasian diplomacy" and "Central Asia plus Japan" dialogue which led to further expansion of the scope of Japan's foreign policy towards the West. In 2006 the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Japan Taro Aso introduced the concept of "Arch of Freedom and Prosperity"in which Ukraine was mentioned for the first time. It is proved that the value-oriented diplomacy of Japan has deep roots and forms the basis of the policies of Japan's current administration. As for the financial assistance allocated to the region, the author emphasizes Japan's Official Development Assistance which was provided starting from1994. Inthis regard it is noted that the biggest recipient in the period from 1994 to 2014 was Uzbekistan.Further development of relations between Japan and post-Soviet states has good perspectives. Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's policy in the region is based on the previously introduced concepts and, at the same time, is more proactive compared to Japan's past governments. Therefore, one can expect positive trends and continued success of Japan's "soft power" diplomacy in Central Asia against its non-interference in the internal affairs of its Central Asian partners. On the other hand, an issue for Japan could be Shinzo Abe's promise to resolve the dispute of the Kuril Islands and to improve relations with Russia. It is believed that Japan will continue to support Ukraine in the issue of Russia's occupation of the Crimean Peninsula which took place in 2014 and its military aggression in Eastern Ukraine, and will be forced to balance its interests in both countries.

У статті розглянуто концептуальні основи політики Японії щодо пострадянських країн та проаналізовано еволюцію її зовнішньої політики в регіоні з моменту розпаду Радянського Союзу до часів уряду прем'єр-міністра С. Абе, тобто з 1991 р. до 2016 р. Основну увагу приділено зовнішньополітичним ініціативам Японії "Євразійська дипломатія", "Центральна Азія плюс Японія" та "Арка свободи та процвітання", а також фінансовій допомозі країнам регіону. Визначені проблемні сфери та перспективи подальшого розвитку відносин Японії з пострадянськими країнами. ; В статье рассмотрены концептуальные основы политики Японии в отношении постсоветских стран и проанализирована эволюция ее внешней политики в регионе с момента распада Советского Союза до времен правительства премьер-министра С. Абэ, т. е. с1991 г. по2016 г. Основное внимание уделено внешнеполитическим инициативам Японии, таким как "Евразийская дипломатия", "Центральная Азия плюс Япония" и "Арка свободы и процветания", а также финансовой помощи странам региона. Выявлены проблемные сферы и перспективы дальнейшего развития отношений Японии с постсоветскими странами. ; This article gives an outline of conceptual foundations of Japan's political course towards the post-Soviet states and analyzes evolution of its foreign policy in the region since the collapse of the Soviet Union until Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's administration in the period from 1991 to 2016.As a result of conducted research the author concludes that Japan's policy in the post-Soviet region has expanded gradually from East to West and that its original strategy is still utilized by Japan's government.After the collapse of the Soviet Union, besides financial and nuclear security assistance to the region, the government of Japan focused on two main tasks, one being search of ways to resolve the dispute of the Kuril Islands - one of the most important issues of Japan's modern foreign policy, and the other one - establishing relations with Central Asian republics. The development of relationship between Japan and Central Asia was achieved by introducing the concept of "Eurasian diplomacy" and "Central Asia plus Japan" dialogue which led to further expansion of the scope of Japan's foreign policy towards the West. In 2006 the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Japan Taro Aso introduced the concept of "Arch of Freedom and Prosperity"in which Ukraine was mentioned for the first time. It is proved that the value-oriented diplomacy of Japan has deep roots and forms the basis of the policies of Japan's current administration. As for the financial assistance allocated to the region, the author emphasizes Japan's Official Development Assistance which was provided starting from1994. Inthis regard it is noted that the biggest recipient in the period from 1994 to 2014 was Uzbekistan.Further development of relations between Japan and post-Soviet states has good perspectives. Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's policy in the region is based on the previously introduced concepts and, at the same time, is more proactive compared to Japan's past governments. Therefore, one can expect positive trends and continued success of Japan's "soft power" diplomacy in Central Asia against its non-interference in the internal affairs of its Central Asian partners. On the other hand, an issue for Japan could be Shinzo Abe's promise to resolve the dispute of the Kuril Islands and to improve relations with Russia. It is believed that Japan will continue to support Ukraine in the issue of Russia's occupation of the Crimean Peninsula which took place in 2014 and its military aggression in Eastern Ukraine, and will be forced to balance its interests in both countries.

The article reveals the content of out-of-school education in Ukraine in 1991–2014, which was determined by two interrelated factors: the transition period in which Ukrainian society was and the systemic crisis that engulfed it. The author emphasizes that if the first factor prompted the creation of new forms and methods, the second, and, above all, financial difficulties ‒ hindered the introduction of innovations in the field of out-of-school education.In the system of out-of-school education of Ukraine, in 1991–2014, the definition and formation of its content became the most important and difficult issue. The content of out-of-school education of this period took into account the experience of the Soviet period and the conditions for organizing the activities of out-of-school institutions. Among these conditions, the article highlights the following: voluntariness, accessibility, differentiation, and variability, flexibility, dynamism, mobility, consistency, etc.It is noted that the content of out-of-school education in 1991–2014 was structured and implemented in the system of clubs, academic disciplines, subjects, courses and was presented in the corresponding curricula, programs, textbooks, manuals, method guides, didactic aids.The publication analyzes the main areas that the content of out-of-school education included in 1991–2014: artistic and aesthetic, scientific and technological, library and bibliographic, ecological and naturalistic, tourism and local studies, humanitarian, physical culture, and sports, which had their own specificity.The author concludes that these areas of out-of-school education were based on the following principles: democratization (cooperation) and humanization (respect for the interests and needs of the individual); conformity to nature (taking into account age peculiarities) and cultural conformity (ensuring cultural continuity of generations); unity of education, upbringing and personal development; harmonization of social (professional and pedagogical) and family upbringing influences; integrity of out-of-school education. Keywords: out-of-school education, content, directions, principles, out-of-school institutions, historical and pedagogical analysis, competences, the development of personality. ; У статті розкрито окремі аспекти змісту позашкільної освіти України у 1991–2014 рр., що визначався двома взаємозв'язаними чинниками: перехідним періодом, у якому знаходилося українське суспільство, а також системною кризою, яка охопила його. Проаналізовано основні напрями, які містив зміст позашкільної освіти у 1991–2014 рр.: художньо-естетичний, науково-технічний, бібліотечно-бібліографічний, еколого-натуралістичний, туристсько-краєзнавчий, гуманітарний, фізкультурно-спортивний, які мали свою специфіку. Ключові слова: позашкільна освіта, зміст, напрями, принципи, позашкільні заклади, історико-педагогічний аналіз, компетентності, розвиток особистості.

The article reveals the content of out-of-school education in Ukraine in 1991–2014, which was determined by two interrelated factors: the transition period in which Ukrainian society was and the systemic crisis that engulfed it. The author emphasizes that if the first factor prompted the creation of new forms and methods, the second, and, above all, financial difficulties ‒ hindered the introduction of innovations in the field of out-of-school education.In the system of out-of-school education of Ukraine, in 1991–2014, the definition and formation of its content became the most important and difficult issue. The content of out-of-school education of this period took into account the experience of the Soviet period and the conditions for organizing the activities of out-of-school institutions. Among these conditions, the article highlights the following: voluntariness, accessibility, differentiation, and variability, flexibility, dynamism, mobility, consistency, etc.It is noted that the content of out-of-school education in 1991–2014 was structured and implemented in the system of clubs, academic disciplines, subjects, courses and was presented in the corresponding curricula, programs, textbooks, manuals, method guides, didactic aids.The publication analyzes the main areas that the content of out-of-school education included in 1991–2014: artistic and aesthetic, scientific and technological, library and bibliographic, ecological and naturalistic, tourism and local studies, humanitarian, physical culture, and sports, which had their own specificity.The author concludes that these areas of out-of-school education were based on the following principles: democratization (cooperation) and humanization (respect for the interests and needs of the individual); conformity to nature (taking into account age peculiarities) and cultural conformity (ensuring cultural continuity of generations); unity of education, upbringing and personal development; harmonization of social (professional and pedagogical) and family upbringing influences; integrity of out-of-school education. Keywords: out-of-school education, content, directions, principles, out-of-school institutions, historical and pedagogical analysis, competences, the development of personality. ; У статті розкрито окремі аспекти змісту позашкільної освіти України у 1991–2014 рр., що визначався двома взаємозв'язаними чинниками: перехідним періодом, у якому знаходилося українське суспільство, а також системною кризою, яка охопила його. Проаналізовано основні напрями, які містив зміст позашкільної освіти у 1991–2014 рр.: художньо-естетичний, науково-технічний, бібліотечно-бібліографічний, еколого-натуралістичний, туристсько-краєзнавчий, гуманітарний, фізкультурно-спортивний, які мали свою специфіку. Ключові слова: позашкільна освіта, зміст, напрями, принципи, позашкільні заклади, історико-педагогічний аналіз, компетентності, розвиток особистості.

The question of evolution of Polish-Ukrainian bilateral relations is investigated. Based on the previous academic research, the periodization of Polish-Ukrainian relations has been improved in accordance with current events. It is noted that the bilateral relations began immediately after the restoration of independence by both countries. However, in the early 1990s, bilateral relations were not very active. The reason for this was the processes of economic transformation that took place after the fall of the Soviet economic system, which led to a weak economic situation. The ideological germs of the Polish-Ukrainian understanding originate from the activities of the publication «Culture» around which the Polish and Ukrainian liberal elites were concentrated, which aimed to begin the process of understanding between the two peoples. It is noted that in the 2000s, Polish-Ukrainian relations were mainly connected with the presidencies of V.Yushchenko and A.Kwaśniewski, and later L.Kaczynski. Personalism in relations had positive results, which contributed to an intensification of dialogue between countries. At the end of Yushchenko's term, relations fell asleep, which was due to the events in Ukraine. Nevertheless, the Eastern Partnership was launched during this period. After 2014, bilateral relations entered a phase of stable understanding. The formula «forgive and apologize» was chosen, thus referring to the well-known exchange of letters between the Polish and German bishops. Attention is drawn to the fact that the President Petro Poroshenko tried to strengthen bilateral relations. The weakness of Polish-Ukrainian relations is cooperation at the society level. It is the deepening of the social level that should contribute to the stability of relations and reduce the impact of the negative phenomena related to the political conflict, which are occasionally present in Polish-Ukrainian relations, especially in the context of historical policy in recent years. ; Досліджується питання еволюції двосторонніх польсько-українських відносин. На основі попередніх академічних досліджень, вдосконалено періодизацію польсько-українських відносин відповідно до сучасних подій. Зазначається, що початок двосторонніх відносин почався вже одразу після відновлення Незалежності обома країнами. Однак на початку 90-х рр. двосторонні відносини не мали значної активності. Причиною для цього стали процеси економічної трансформації, які мали місце після падіння радянської економічної системи, що призвели до послаблення економічної ситуації. Ідейні зародки польсько-українського порозуміння беруть свій початок від діяльності видання «Культура», довкола якого були зосередженні польські та українські ліберальні еліти, які ставили за мету розпочати процес порозуміння між обома народами. Зазначено, що в 2000-х рр. польсько-українські відносини в основному були пов'язані з президенством В.Ющенка та А.Квасневського, а пізніше – Л.Качинського. Персоналізм у відносинах мав позитивні результати, що сприяло інтенсифікації діалогу між країнами. Під кінець каденції В.Ющенка, відносини спали, що було пов'язано з подіями в Україні. Тим не менш, у цей період відбувся старт «Східного партнерства». Після 2014р. двосторонні відносини перейшли у фазу стійкого порозуміння. Було обрано формулу «пробачаємо та просимо вибачення», тим самим відсилалося до відомого обміну листів між польським та німецьким єпископами. Звертається увага на те, що тогочасний президент П.Порошенко намагався посилити двосторонні відносини. Відзначено, що слабкістю польсько-українських відносин є співробітництво на рівні суспільства. Саме поглиблення суспільного рівня повинно сприяти стабільності відносин і зменшити вплив негативних явищ, пов'язаних з конфліктом у політичній площині, які час від часу присутні у польсько-українських відносинах, особливо в контексті історичної політики в останні роки.