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This open access book deals with contestations "from below" of legal policies and implementation practices in asylum and deportation. Consequently, it covers three types of mobilization: solidarity protests against the deportation of refused asylum seekers, refugee activism campaigning for residence rights and inclusion, and restrictive protests against the reception of asylum seekers. By applying both a longitudinal analysis of protest events and a series of in-depth case studies in three immigration countries, this edited volume provides comparative insights into these three types of movement in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland over a time span of twenty-five years. Embedded in concepts of political change, limited state sovereignty, and migration control, the findings shed light on actors, repertoires, and the effects of protest activities. The contributions illustrate how local contexts, national political settings, issue specifics, and social ties lead to distinctly different forms of protest emergence, dynamics, and strategies. Additionally, they give a profound understanding of the mechanisms and constellations that contribute to protest success, both in terms of preventing deportations of individuals as well as changing policies. In sum, this book constitutes a major contribution to empirically informed theoretical reflections on collective contestation in the fields of refugee studies and social protest movements.

Main description: Menschenrechte und Entwicklungszusammenarbeit genießen seit einigen Jahren einen hohen Stellenwert auf der politischen und rechtlichen Agenda. Stefanie Ricarda Roos bringt diese zwei Bereiche unter dem Blickwinkel entwicklungsbedingter Zwangsumsiedlungen nun aus völkerrechtlicher Sicht zusammen. Sie analysiert den internationalen Menschenrechtsschutz einerseits und das Entwicklungs- und Wirtschaftsvölkerrecht andererseits in ihren Interdependenzen und nimmt sich dabei dem Recht und der Praxis einer weltweit in der Entwicklungshilfe tätigen internationalen Finanzinstitution, der Weltbank, an. Ausgangspunkt ihrer Untersuchung ist, dass Menschenrechte als Querschnittsthema in allen Bereichen des Völkerrechts - also auch des Entwicklungs- und Wirtschaftsvölkerrechts - Beachtung finden müssen.Die Autorin kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass eine Reihe von Völkerrechtsnormen einen individual- wie kollektivrechtlichen Menschenrechtsschutz vor entwicklungsbedingten Zwangsumsiedlungen bieten. Ihre Untersuchung zeigt, dass die Weltbank einen wichtigen Beitrag dazu leistet, diese Menschenrechtsgarantien operabel zu machen und dadurch zu sichern. Abschließend erörtert sie, ob die Weltbank völkerrechtlich zu einer projektbezogenen Menschenrechtskonditionalisierung verpflichtet ist.

Verheerende Taifune brachten 2009 erneut Chaos und Zerstörung über die Philippinen. Über Tausend Menschen haben ihr Leben, Zehntausende ihr Heim verloren. Die Regierung hat nun begonnen, 625.000 städtische Arme in Wohnghettos außerhalb Manilas (zwangs-)umzusiedeln. Die Vertriebenen haben keine andere Wahl, als sich zu fügen. Viele sind froh, den wiederkehrenden Fluten zu entkommen, wohlwissend, dass Armut und Not sie möglicherweise schon bald wieder in den Moloch Manila treiben wird. Die gemeindebasierte Organisation ZOTO will diesen Teufelskreis durchbrechen.

Deportations of unauthorized immigrants continue at record levels. Since President Barack Obama took office two-thirds of the nearly 2 million deportation cases involve people who had committed minor infractions, or had no criminal record at all. In this paper I will address the opposition people have with deportations. I will discuss the impact deportations play on a families and the toll it takes on the people they leave behind. This study uses demographic information collected by the US census, scholarly articles, and personal testimonies of young adults affected by this government actions showing the effects deportation has had on the population. This paper will show the ripple effects deportations are having in the wider community.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- CONTENTS -- Chapter 1: THE HISTORY OF DEPORTATION -- Chapter 2: THE HISTORY OF IMMIGRATION LAWS -- Chapter 3: FEAR OF DEPORTATION -- Chapter 4: THE DEPORTATION PROCESS -- Chapter 5: CURRENT IMMIGRATION LAWS -- Chapter 6: THE FUTURE OF IMMIGRATION -- GLOSSARY -- FOR MORE INFORMATION -- INDEX -- Back Cover

Deportation limbo traces the efforts of two Nordic welfare states, Denmark and Sweden, to address the so-called implementation gap in deportation enforcement. It offers an original, empirically grounded account of how often-futile, injurious policy measures devoted to pressuring non-deported people to leave are implemented and contested in practice. In doing so, it presents a critique of the widespread, normalised use of detention, encampment, and destitution, which routinely fail to enhance deportations while exposing deportable people to conditions that cause their premature death. The book takes the 'deportation limbo' as a starting point for exploring the violent nature of borders, the racial boundaries of welfare states, and the limits of state control over cross-border mobility. Building on unprecedented access to detention and deportation camps and migration offices in both countries, it presents ethnographic material capturing frontline officials' tension-ridden efforts to regulate non-deported people using forced deportation, incarceration, encampment, and destitution. Using a continuum of state violence as the analytical lens, the book offers a uniquely comprehensive account of how the borders of Nordic welfare states are drawn through practices that subject racialised 'others' to expulsion, incarceration, and destitution. The book is the first to systematically document the renewed deportation turn in Denmark and Sweden, and to critically examine its implications: for the people targeted by intensified deportation measures, and for the individual officials, institutions, and societies enforcing them. It offers an important, critical contribution to current debates on the violence of deportation regimes, the politico-bureaucratic structures and practices that sustain them, and their human costs.

International Law — Relation to Municipal Law — Treaties — Supremacy of Prior Municipal Law.Treaties — Operation and Enforcement of — Supremacy of Prior Municipal Law.168Human Rights and Freedoms — Rome Convention of 1950 — Deportation for Rebellion under Municipal Law Enacted Prior to Convention.

Based on extensive field research, Susanne U. Schultz analyses the social situations following deportation for Malian men - their supposedly »failed« migratory adventures -, the implications for their social environment and broader society. In light of the current migration and development policy of the European Union and its externalization to Sub-Saharan Africa, she provides insight in the still understudied issue of people's everyday life after forced returns, exemplifying the effects of intra-African and European deportation regimes and the reactions to them. In doing so, this ethnographic study creates empirical knowledge on key issues in migration research, policy, and practice in a charged debate