Suchergebnisse

In their article, the authors reviewed the procedure for the implementation of land supervision and municipal land control, as well as the identification of violations of land legislation in the implementation of land supervision and municipal land control in the Novosibirsk region. State land supervision refers to the activities of authorized officials of authorized federal organizations of the executive branch, which are aimed at preventing, detecting and stopping violations by state authorities, local governments, as well as legal entities, their managers and other officials, individual entrepreneurs, citizens Russian Federation, according to Art. 71 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation. As a result of inspections by officials regarding violations of the land legislation of the Russian Federation, administrative and other responsibilities are provided, through the organization and conduct of inspections, the adoption of measures to suppress and (or) eliminate the consequences of violations identified, and the systematic monitoring of compliance with the requirements land legislation, analysis and forecasting of the state of representations land legislation.

The article emphasizes the importance of studying intelligence when examining the history of foreign policy and international relations. Furthermore, the text addresses widespread scepticism among historians in dealing with intelligence because of either doubts about sources or about the topic as a whole. Nonetheless, several sensational spy cases affected the relationship between Austro-Hungary and the Tsarist Empire in the era before the First World War. Yet Russia and Austria-Hungary were not the only countries that monitored the development of espionage with increasing interest and fear. The age before 1914 in Europe saw a culmination of so-called spy mania or spy fever. Simultaneously, the relevance of military intelligence increased. Moreover, questions about what the headquarters knew about each other in Vienna and St. Petersburg influenced not only military affairs but also the relationship between the two empires. For instance spy cases were vividly discussed in the press and therefore had an influence on the development of public opinion towards Russia in the Habsburg Empire and conversely towards Austria-Hungary in the Tsarist Empire. ; В статье подчеркивается необходимость изучения истории разведки, которое может пролить свет на историю международной политики и отношений между двумя странами. Кроме того, автор рассматривает причины скептического отношения историков к изучению деятельности тайных разведывательных служб, вызванного сомнительностью источников информации и спецификой тематики в целом. Тем не менее на отношения Австро-Венгрии и Российской империи влияли разной степени значимости шпионские скандалы. Но не только Россия и Австро-Венгрия следили за развитием шпионажа с возрастающим интересом и опасением. На время накануне 1914 г. пришелся пик так называемой шпионской лихорадки в Европе. Одновременно с этим возрастала значимость военной разведки. Кроме того, сведения, которыми располагали друг о друге генеральные штабы в Вене и Санкт-Петербурге, влияли не только на положение дел в военной сфере, но и в целом на отношения между двумя империями. В частности, широкое обсуждение шпионских скандалов в прессе формировало определенное общественное мнение о России в империи Габсбургов и наоборот – об Австро-Венгрии в царской России.

In the article, the auther reveals the concept and legal bases of rationing of land use and gives the short characteristic of rationing of land use in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Law-enforcement practices of such countries as the USA, Australia, Austria, Germany, Canada, Greece, Italy, Great Britain, and Denmark are analysed. Based on the carried-out analysis it is developed suggestions for improvement of the land legislation.

The article is dedicated to the memory of an outstanding employee of higher education - Doctor of Laws, Professor Oleg Igorevich Krassov, who made an invaluable contribution to the development and upholding of the independent nature of the branch of land law and legislation. O.I. Krassov substantiated the independence of land law especially through the analysis and development of the concepts of "legal regime" of lands, land plots and other objects, as well as through the concept of "land plot". Referring to the works of O.I. Krassov, in the current article his point of view is provided on the content of these concepts, determined by the norms of land, water, forestry, urban planning, natural resources (ecological), mining, and civil legislation. Oleg Igorevich is the founder of the studies of comparative land law. He has prepared monographs on land rights in Europe, common law countries, the Middle East, Africa and Asia. Taking this into account, and as an additional substantiation to his opinion on the independent nature of the branch of land law and legislation, O.I. Krassov referred to world's experience in the development of land law and rights to land and land plots in different countries. As a result, he advocated a unified legal regime for land plots. In his opinion, the legal regime of land plots is established not so much and not only by the norms of civil law and legislation, but by special rules established in land law, the Land Code, and land legislation.

The subject of the study presented in this article is the economic relations arising due to the progress of the urbanization that leads to changes in agricultural production. For a long time in Russia a reduction of agricultural land, arable land and crops takes place. One reason for this is the global progress of urbanization. Changes in agricultural land use occur across the country however this process is uneven in different regions. Among all regions Moscow and Moscow region significantly stand out. The study showed that in the more urbanized regions of the country reduction of the agricultural land and changes in agricultural land use are greater than in less urbanized ones.