Suchergebnisse

In the past two years in Romania, it was recorded one of the sharpest decreases in the amount of cow's milk collected by processing units and at the same time a sharp decline in the price of milk, compared with the average price in the European Union. The obvious conclusion is that milk production in Romania is facing serious problems. This indicates that the milk processing industry and Romanian farmers were not prepared to face the barrier removal of milk quotas. Cattle breeders organizations indicates that many livestock farms in the country are in danger to close due to bad relationship of farmers with processors and repeated delays in paying subsidies from the state. These organizations also argued that the domestic market is flooded with milk imported by the processors, milk that is cheaper because the subsidies granted in countries of origin are higher and received on time. In this context, this study makes an analysis of the current situation of the sector growth of dairy cattle starting from its structure, milk supply (livestock, domestic production, costs of production, import) demand, price capitalization, and finally, based on the analyzed elements, resulting in a series of proposals and recommendations.

Farmers operate in a changing market, policy and social environment so questions arise as to how they experience these changes and react in their business orientation. This topic was examined in the period 2011 to 2016 in a strongly fluctuating product market and food policy environment, e.g., abolition of milk quotas in Europe. The study was based on unique panel data for 290 dairy farms in Poland, Slovenia, Lithuania and The Netherlands, questioned up to three times in 2011, 2013 and 2016. The conceptual framework was composed of Farmer goals, Resources, Opportunities and Threats (O&T), and Future expectations (performance) as continuous variables, and countries and strategy farmer groups as categorical variables. Data were analysed applying PCA, ANOVA, cluster and regression analyses. Dairy farmers seemed not to be motivated or educated to take strategic decisions that made the best use of their resources and to take opportunities and mitigate threats to achieve their personal goals. Farmer perceptions were strongly affected by country of origin, local environment and milk price, and less by the strategy group. The market situation is one of the dominant factors affecting the mind-set of farmers in Europe. Future expectations were evaluated highest in 2013 (period with 'high' prices), lowest in 2016 (price crisis) and intermediate in 2011 (moderate price period). The large dependence of farmers on the price of their product could be a sensitive issue for politicians, but also food chain members and farmers' syndicates. They may anticipate a fluctuating attitude of farmers with respect to organisational and institutional plans and implemented measures, depending on the market situation and related policy context.

Farmers operate in a changing market, policy and social environment so questions arise as to how they experience these changes and react in their business orientation. This topic was examined in the period 2011 to 2016 in a strongly fluctuating product market and food policy environment, e.g., abolition of milk quotas in Europe. The study was based on unique panel data for 290 dairy farms in Poland, Slovenia, Lithuania and The Netherlands, questioned up to three times in 2011, 2013 and 2016. The conceptual framework was composed of Farmer goals, Resources, Opportunities and Threats (O&T), and Future expectations (performance) as continuous variables, and countries and strategy farmer groups as categorical variables. Data were analysed applying PCA, ANOVA, cluster and regression analyses. Dairy farmers seemed not to be motivated or educated to take strategic decisions that made the best use of their resources and to take opportunities and mitigate threats to achieve their personal goals. Farmer perceptions were strongly affected by country of origin, local environment and milk price, and less by the strategy group. The market situation is one of the dominant factors affecting the mind-set of farmers in Europe. Future expectations were evaluated highest in 2013 (period with 'high' prices), lowest in 2016 (price crisis) and intermediate in 2011 (moderate price period). The large dependence of farmers on the price of their product could be a sensitive issue for politicians, but also food chain members and farmers' syndicates. They may anticipate a fluctuating attitude of farmers with respect to organisational and institutional plans and implemented measures, depending on the market situation and related policy context.

Zur Zeit der Einführung des Quotensystems war die Struktur der Milchproduktion in Deutschland eher ungünstig. Durch die anfängliche strikte Flächenbindung der Quote wurden strukturelle Anpassungen behindert. Die Einführung des Quotentransfers ohne Land im Jahr 1993 erleichterte betriebliches Wachstum und die Verlagerung der Quote zu den besten Wirten und Standorten (innerhalb der Übertragungsgebiete). Mit der 2000 eingeführten Übertragung über Börsen wurde die Flächbindung aufgehoben und eine bessere Transparenz auf dem Quotenmarkt erreicht. Größere regionale Verlagerungen der Milcherzeugung ergeben sich seit Verringerung der Anzahl der Handelszonen seit 2007. Trotz der Beschränkungen durch das Quotensystem ist der Strukturwandel stark ausgeprägt mit einer annähernden Halbierung der Zahl der Milcherzeuger im Zehnjahreszeitraum. ; At the time of the introduction of the quota system the structure of dairy production in Germany was rather unfavourable. Since 1993, German policy generally aimed at improving quota mobility. The introduction of transfers without land in 1993 facilitated farm growth and the transfer of resources and production to the better farm managers and to locations best suited for dairy production; however the latter was restricted by the regional limitations of the trading zones. The quota auctions introduced in 2000 significantly improved the transparency of quota markets. Larger regional shifts in production will be enabled by the recent reduction of the number of trading zones. Overall, structural change in dairy production has been strong (halving the number of dairy farms every ten years) despite the limitations by the quota system. Still many regions in Germany, notably the case study region of Bavaria, are characterised by small farm structure, where the main share of milk production is still realised by small and medium sized farms.

At the time of the introduction of the quota system the structure of dairy production in Germany was rather unfavourable. Since 1993, German policy generally aimed at improving quota mobility. The introduction of transfers without land in 1993 facilitated farm growth and the transfer of resources and production to the better farm managers and to locations best suited for dairy production; however the latter was restricted by the regional limitations of the trading zones. The quota auctions introduced in 2000 significantly improved the transparency of quota markets. Larger regional shifts in production will be enabled by the recent reduction of the number of trading zones. Overall, structural change in dairy production has been strong (halving the number of dairy farms every ten years) despite the limitations by the quota system. Still many regions in Germany, notably the case study region of Bavaria, are characterised by small farm structure, where the main share of milk production is still realised by small and medium sized farms. ; Zur Zeit der Einführung des Quotensystems war die Struktur der Milchproduktion in Deutschland eher ungünstig. Durch die anfängliche strikte Flächenbindung der Quote wurden strukturelle Anpassungen behindert. Die Einführung des Quotentransfers ohne Land im Jahr 1993 erleichterte betriebliches Wachstum und die Verlagerung der Quote zu den besten Wirten und Standorten (innerhalb der Übertragungsgebiete). Mit der 2000 eingeführten Übertragung über Börsen wurde die Flächbindung aufgehoben und eine bessere Transparenz auf dem Quotenmarkt erreicht. Größere regionale Verlagerungen der Milcherzeugung ergeben sich seit Verringerung der Anzahl der Handelszonen seit 2007. Trotz der Beschränkungen durch das Quotensystem ist der Strukturwandel stark ausgeprägt mit einer annähernden Halbierung der Zahl der Milcherzeuger im Zehnjahreszeitraum.

Zur Zeit der Einführung des Quotensystems war die Struktur der Milchproduktion in Deutschland eher ungünstig. Durch die anfängliche strikte Flächenbindung der Quote wurden strukturelle Anpassungen behindert. Die Einführung des Quotentransfers ohne Land im Jahr 1993 erleichterte betriebliches Wachstum und die Verlagerung der Quote zu den besten Wirten und Standorten (innerhalb der Übertragungsgebiete). Mit der 2000 eingeführten Übertragung über Börsen wurde die Flächbindung aufgehoben und eine bessere Transparenz auf dem Quotenmarkt erreicht. Größere regionale Verlagerungen der Milcherzeugung ergeben sich seit Verringerung der Anzahl der Handelszonen seit 2007. Trotz der Beschränkungen durch das Quotensystem ist der Strukturwandel stark ausgeprägt mit einer annähernden Halbierung der Zahl der Milcherzeuger im Zehnjahreszeitraum (Quelle: Verlag).

"I think the two‐price system has come to stay. It must be adjusted to local conditions so that we have a fair system wherever we live in this country. Milk production should be directed to regions and districts that are not suited for other productions. The system can never be 100 per cent fair for the individual farmer, but today we do not have any better arrangement."

A bio-economic model is developed to measure the productive, economical and environmental impacts on French dairy farms of the milk quota abolition. While respecting the principle of agent rationality (maximization of profit), the model incorporates the economic risk related to the volatility of input and output prices. Thus, the model maximises the expected utility of income while taking into account a set of constraints: regulatory, structural, zootechnical, agronomic and environmental. Simulations show that French dairy farms have a strong production potential but this increase in milk volume results in an intensification of the production system and has negative effects on the environment. ; Un modèle bio-économique est élaboré afin de mesurer les impacts productifs, économiques et environnementaux sur les exploitations laitières françaises de la suppression du régime des quotas laitiers. Tout en respectant le principe de rationalité de l'agent (maximisation du profit), le modèle incorpore le risque économique lié à la volatilité des prix des productions agricoles. Le modèle maximise ainsi l'utilité espérée du revenu tout en tenant compte d'un ensemble de contraintes: réglementaires, structurelles, zootechniques, agronomiques et environnementales. Les simulations montrent que les exploitations laitières françaises possèdent un fort potentiel de production mais cette augmentation du volume de lait produit est permise par une intensification du système productif et entraîne des effets négatifs sur l'environnement.