Suchergebnisse

Serial sanitary disasters now punctuate the history of damages. In facing such risks, progress made in recent years has focused on prevention and upstream processing through the implementation of a strong legislative arsenal with preventive purposes. Yet, this legislative arsenal based on "avoidance" cannot be effective without a corresponding "sanctioning" mechanism. However, our classic liability law is ill equipped in terms of searching for the truth, the causes of such events and effectively engage responsibilities. This sense of impunity comes from the inadequacy between the classic liability law and the particularities of serial sanitary disasters. The progress in adapting our liability law to this type of events is already remarkable. Nonetheless, the construction of an actual law for natural disasters remains an open question.The subject of this study is precisely to study the specificities of sanitary disasters, particularly serial ones, in order to see how our liability law adapts to it. The purpose here is to propose possible solutions to further develop, complete or even reform our liability law to align judicial accountability research with the specificities of serial sanitary disasters and thus make it more efficient and effective.The specificities of serial sanitary disasters firstly have an impact on substantive law that governs civil, administrative and criminal liability (Part I). Furthermore, the difficulties posed by serial sanitary disasters also impact procedural law and the judicial system. Indeed, we must not forget that procedural rules condition the effectiveness of the liability law rules (Part II).But before getting into the substance of the analysis, it will be necessary to agree on the notion of serial sanitary disaster. In fact, it is necessary to conceptualize a notion that can become the crucible of a legal model. ; Les catastrophes sanitaires sérielles rythment désormais l'histoire des dommages. Face à de tels risques, les avancées de ces dernières années ont été marquées par ...

Dans quelle mesure la montée de l'accountability en éducation est-elle significative d'un déclin de la confiance de l'État et des usagers dans l'École? N'est-elle pas également symptomatique d'une perte de confiance à l'égard des enseignants et de leur professionnalisme? Nous traiterons ces questions en proposant une réflexion à partir des théories de la confiance en sciences sociales. Nous distinguerons les théories qui s'interrogent sur les conditions de confiance dans les transactions économiques et celles qui thématisent la confiance "politique" dans les institutions. Nous argumentons que les dispositifs d'accountability tendent surtout à réduire l'incertitude des clients/ managers quant aux risques d'opportunisme et d'opacité des opérateurs scolaires. Il s'agit de favoriser la bonne marche "du marché" ou de "l'organisation productive" scolaire, au risque d'une perte d'autonomie professionnelle des enseignants et sans pour autant que l'École ne redevienne une institution politique "digne de confiance". (DIPF/Orig.) ; In welchem Masse lässt das Aufkommen der Accountability im Bildungswesen einen Vertrauensverlust seitens des Staates und der Nutzer in die Schule erkennen? Bedeutet es gleichzeitig einen Vertrauensverlust gegenüber dem Lehrkörper und seiner Professionalität? Wir widmen uns diesen Fragen anhand von Überlegungen, die auf den Vertrauenstheorien in der Sozialwissenschaft basieren. Dabei unterscheiden wir einerseits die Theorien, die sich mit den Voraussetzungen für Vertrauen im Rahmen wirtschaftlicher Transaktionen befassen, sowie andererseits jene, welche das "politische" Vertrauen in schulische Einrichtungen in den Mittelpunkt rücken. Wir argumentieren, dass die Massnahmen der Accountability vor allem darauf abzielen, die Unsicherheit von Kunden/Managern in Bezug auf die Risiken des Opportunismus und der Undurchsichtigkeit der Schulbetreiber zu mindern. Es geht darum, das gute Funktionieren des "schulischen Marktes" bzw. der "schulischen Produktionsorganisation" zu erleichtern, mit dem Risiko eines Verlustes an professioneller Autonomie seitens des Lehrkörpers, ohne dass dies jedoch die Rückkehr der Schule zu einer "vertrauenswürdigen" politischen Institution garantieren würde. (DIPF/Orig.)

International audience ; In a context of a growing management goal, the associative organizations present a growing appetite to understand and develop their own accounting. Therefore, some of them develop an ambition to meet expectations in accounting accountability that would make them some full-fledged enterprise: associative enterprises. Others, on the contrary, captures their accounting only with a view to more effective management in order to measure the social performance of their supplied service. Through an ongoing exploratory analysis in the field of integration through economic, we conduct a critical analysis of associative accounting that would lead to another development of the associative accounting. ; Dans un contexte de montée en management, les organisations associatives présentent une appétence croissante à comprendre et à élaborer leur comptabilité. Il en résulte pour certaines une ambition à satisfaire une attente en reddition comptable qui feraient d'elles des « entreprises associatives » à part entière. D'autres appréhendent leur comptabilité dans l'optique d'une gestion plus efficace au service de la mesure de la performance du service rendu. Au moyen d'une analyse exploratoire dans le champ de l'insertion par l'économique, nous conduisons une analyse critique approfondie de la comptabilité associative qui amènerait à un aménagement du plan comptable associatif.

International audience ; In a context of a growing management goal, the associative organizations present a growing appetite to understand and develop their own accounting. Therefore, some of them develop an ambition to meet expectations in accounting accountability that would make them some full-fledged enterprise: associative enterprises. Others, on the contrary, captures their accounting only with a view to more effective management in order to measure the social performance of their supplied service. Through an ongoing exploratory analysis in the field of integration through economic, we conduct a critical analysis of associative accounting that would lead to another development of the associative accounting. ; Dans un contexte de montée en management, les organisations associatives présentent une appétence croissante à comprendre et à élaborer leur comptabilité. Il en résulte pour certaines une ambition à satisfaire une attente en reddition comptable qui feraient d'elles des « entreprises associatives » à part entière. D'autres appréhendent leur comptabilité dans l'optique d'une gestion plus efficace au service de la mesure de la performance du service rendu. Au moyen d'une analyse exploratoire dans le champ de l'insertion par l'économique, nous conduisons une analyse critique approfondie de la comptabilité associative qui amènerait à un aménagement du plan comptable associatif.

What are the concrete practices of political accountability and how do they make it possible to understand the nature and methods of negotiations of power within the State in Mozambique? This study makes a contribution to the debates over the last thirty years over the phenomena of democratic institutionalization during the third wave of democratization. Within this framework, political accountability is seen as the necessary instrument capable of provoking change in authoritarian regimes, by removing the authoritarian "residue" from the newly established democracies. Through a careful reading of the literature, this research has highlighted that the founding of political accountability is a process that reveals transformative dynamics as a place of confluences and negotiations between various political arenas and authorities that make up the structure of political regimes. The idea of democracy in Mozambique has facilitated the linking of various experiences, which have aided in reformulating or accelerating the process of democratic institutionalization. These experiences should be analyzed in their historicity, while also incorporating modern elements motivated by political competition by the balance of power between Frelimo, and Renamo and Democratic Movement of Mozambique (MDM). The contribution of this study is to think of democratic institutionalization as a transformative process and political accountability as being intrinsically sown into the links between the dominant powers, based on the experiences of the actors involved in the process of democratic institutionalization and the connections they establish amongst themselves. In other words, this project is not merely macro-political, but rather combines all the levels of power, most notably from the bottom. This research is founded on fieldwork done in two districts: Chibuto (South) where Frelimo is largely favored and Gondola (Center) where Renamo has gained political support. ; Quelles sont les pratiques de la responsabilité politique et comment ...