Suchergebnisse

Social protection is an important strategy to protect people from livelihood risks, develop human capital and promote economic growth. Decent work is a core element of social protection and a critical condition for eradicating poverty. Despite high labor force participation and low unemployment, Russia's labor market shows several negative trends, including working poverty and growing informality. Both are exacerbated by gender disparities and unfavorable demographic shifts. Over the past decade the Russian government has implemented active labor market interventions, and enhanced targeted social protection aimed at promoting employment and reducing poverty. Based on the analysis of key data and programs, the article finds that the country achieved stability in the labor market, but at the cost of deteriorating living standards caused by low levels of productivity and wages.

Introduction – L'Europe et la protection sociale :de Guy Mollet, Bertil Ohlin et Albert Delpérée à nousI. La diversité des modèles nationaux de protection sociale confrontée à la vogue des politiques dites d'« activation »A. Traduire pour pouvoir comparerB. Les quatre Europe sociales.C. face à la lame de fond de l'activationII. De la non-Europe de la protection sociale à la mise sur pied de la méthode ouverte de coordinationA. Le « déficit social » de l'Union européenne :position du problèmeB. La MOC: un mécanisme de coordination souple et décentralisé.C. qui promeut avec insistance l'activationIII. La faute à Bruxelles ?Les traductions de l'activationA. Il y a activation et activationa. Les « contreparties » aux droits sociaux :quid novi ?b. Une généralisation du workfare ?c. L'activation et ses variantesB. Une européanisation avant tout « cognitive »a. Un référentiel communautaire indéniablement plutôt libéralb. Les raisons possibles de l'écart persistant entre le discours européen et les scènes nationalesc. Des réappropriations nationales très divergentesEn guise de conclusion – Politiser la question sociale européenne, la vraie urgence ? ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

La peur du paupérisme réactualise la question de la mise en place d'un revenu universel et alimente une critique sévère des dispositifs dits « activés » de la protection sociale. Ces dispositifs sont pourtant très innovants car ils permettent d'articuler emploi et protection sociale. Quelle est la place du revenu universel dans le paysage de ces dispositifs de protection ? Comment relier ce projet aux défis de reconnaissance des autres activités sociales ?

The rapid spread of social activation policies for recipients of means-tested social assistance across Europe during the 1990s is traced, focusing on the implementation of workfare policies. Factors driving the shift from "passive" to "active" policies toward welfare recipients are identified, along with corresponding changes in the notion of social assistance as a "right." Three key components of workfare that diverge from previous social assistance policies are noted, & the timing & implementation of workfare programs in Denmark, France, the UK, the Netherlands, Norway, & Federal Republic of Germany are charted; comparisons are also made to the US situation, where workfare was enacted in the mid-1990s as part of larger welfare reform efforts. The influence of policy inheritance vs political factors on the shift to new social activation policies is considered. K. Hyatt Stewart

We develop a dynamic cognitive model of network activation and show that people at different status levels spontaneously activate, or call to mind, different subsections of their networks when faced with job threat. Using a multimethod approach (General Social Survey data and a laboratory experiment), we find that, under conditions of job threat, people with low status exhibit a winnowing response (i.e., activating smaller and tighter subsections of their networks), whereas people with high status exhibit a widening response (i.e., activating larger and less constrained subsections of their networks). We integrate traditional network theories with cognitive psychology, suggesting that cognitively activating social networks is a precondition to mobilizing them. One implication is that narrowing the network in response to threat might reduce low-status group members' access to new information, harming their chances of finding subsequent employment and exacerbating social inequality.