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"This article deals with active ageing as a policy concept and its meanings in different cultures. We describe the Czech Republic and Poland, formerly communist states that experienced economic and political transitions in the 1990s and joined the European Union in 2004. Both countries are demographically similar, with ageing populations, but their understanding of active ageing as a policy issue are quite different. The methodology used was a meta-analysis of expert interviews and consultations. The results show that there is no comprehensive policy towards active ageing in Poland and the Czech Republic does not have an overall systemic vision based on the principles of active ageing. The debate on activity in old age focuses on labour market employment activity, neglecting most of the issues of social services, care-giving or just plain leisure. The lack of institutional mechanisms, fiscal limitations, discriminatory socio-cultural perceptions and an unfavourable economic climate have all constituted barriers to implementing active ageing strategies in the period analysed. However, it seems that the problem has been noticed and that demographic changes and the attitudes of the elderly in the future could bring forth a more wide-ranging discussion on active ageing." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

This article deals with active ageing as a policy concept and its meanings in different cultures. We describe the Czech Republic and Poland, formerly communist states that experienced economic and political transitions in the 1990s and joined the European Union in 2004. Both countries are demographically similar, with ageing populations, but their understanding of active ageing as a policy issue are quite different. The methodology used was a meta-analysis of expert interviews and consultations. The results show that there is no comprehensive policy towards active ageing in Poland and the Czech Republic does not have an overall systemic vision based on the principles of active ageing. The debate on activity in old age focuses on labour market employment activity, neglecting most of the issues of social services, care-giving or just plain leisure. The lack of institutional mechanisms, fiscal limitations, discriminatory socio-cultural perceptions and an unfavourable economic climate have all constituted barriers to implementing active ageing strategies in the period analysed. However, it seems that the problem has been noticed and that demographic changes and the attitudes of the elderly in the future could bring forth a more wide-ranging discussion on active ageing. Adapted from the source document.

Singapore faces a major challenge in providing care and support for senior citizens due to its rapidlyageing population and declining old-age support ratio. The concept of Ageing-in-Place was introduced by the Singapore government [1] to allow older people to live independently in their own homes and communities so that the need for institutionalised care will only be utilised when necessary. We have three fundamental questions that this project will answer: 1. How to make community care serviceseffective through innovations in care delivery? How to lower the cost of service delivery and improve 2. productivity of caregivers, by leveraging information and communications technology (ICT)? 3. Can we quantify such productivity gains?

Europe's demographic problem (an ageing population) is well-known and has been the object of a number of research projects in the EU. As an example of the scale of the problem, the percentage of persons 55 or older in the overall population of the EU was 30% in 2010, and is expected to rise to 37% in 2030. Raising the retirement age - the response implemented in a number of EU Member States in recent years - cannot be considered as a comprehensive solution to the problem. Older persons encounter more difficulties finding employment, even though they possess knowledge and experience which could be valuable in the conduct of economic activities. Recent years have witnessed a growth in the trend toward 'active ageing', which is considered to be 'a process of optimization of the chances for good health, active participation, and security, in order to improve the quality of life over the passage of time', a concept closely correlated with the idea of entrepreneurship among the elderly.It can be noted that there is no comprehensive policy supporting entrepreneurship of elderly people in the age of the Ageing Society in Europe. The aim of the paper is to present the foreseen benefits of the development of enterpreneurship of elderly people supporting policy in the EU and in Poland

The 'Active Ageing Index' was created with the purpose of helping policy makers implement and monitor active ageing policies both at European and national levels. However, this index has not fully achieved this purpose. In this article we propose a methodological approach based on Data Envelopment Analysis to enhance the measurement of active ageing in the European Union countries. We use a model with 22 indicators grouped into four domains. By introducing different types of virtual weight restrictions, we combine normative judgements with an optimisation procedure, showing each country in the best possible light. Furthermore, we undertake a sensitivity analysis regarding the effect of varying the limits of the relative contribution of each domain.The results show that the proposed approach has great potential in this context, allowing the comparison of countries and the identification of relevant targets and benchmarks, even when there is uncertainty regarding the relative importance of the indicators and domains considered. For most countries, the results are robust regarding different levels of flexibility for the relative contribution of each domain. We identify six countries that represent relevant benchmarks for the underperforming countries. The underperforming countries have some potential for improvement in terms of active ageing, whilst respecting their preferences and specificities for the processes that can be used to actively age. Based on a flexible evaluation of the countries, we contribute to develop a better tool to guide the European Union countries towards the formulation and monitoring of more effective policy measures to promote active ageing. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Mostly due to negative demographic trends and unfavourable ratios between the inactive and active working population, prejudiced ideas against older people, that they are unproductive and redundant, are contributing to discrimination and their exclusion. Although human rights should not diminish with age, we are nowadays witnessing discriminatory practices against the older persons considering employment, social protection and access to services. The social construct of 'ageism', according to which older people are treated differently because of the attitudes relating to their age, is not a contemporary idea. Rather, it is a human rights issue that has existed throughout history. Examining the extremely positive and negative descriptions of elderly in ancient Roman literature, the first part of this article contains an analysis of the legal and social position of older people and, consequentially, their contribution to society. Focusing on the concept of 'active ageing', specifically propagated by the Article 25 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights, the second part of the paper will tackle the existing efforts of the EU in the struggle against ageism. Although Croatian national legislation is largely aligned with the European acquis, due to the large margin of discretion left to Member States, a systematic approach to care for the elderly is still lacking, not to mention its effective implementation. Finally, by exploring the experiences from the past and reflecting on the current EU policy advancements, the goal of this paper is to facilitate a vital shift from the paradigm of the old people as a burden of passive service recipients towards active participants in society.

LifeAge guide is the result of a project co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union. It aims to promote a healthy lifestyle, which includes proper nutrition and physical exercise, in order to achieve a better quality of life in older age. There is no doubt that population ageing is a global phenomenon that affects the whole of Western society. It is determined by profound demographic changes happened in the last decades: the reduction of mortality due to improved health conditions and medical progress, on the one hand, and the contraction of births on the other.The ageing of the population represents a "triumph" but also a "challenge" for society. Actually, it increases the burden of chronic degenerative diseases linked to ageing, with the consequent increase in welfare expenses and the difficulties of sustainability of the entire social and health system. ; This guide is funded by the European project: LIFEAGE-Promoting the Shift Sedentary Lifestyle towards Active Ageing (ref. 603121-EPP-1-2018-1-ES-SPOSCP). European Union. Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency. Erasmus+Sport Programme. Call EACS Sport 2018: "Not-for-profit European sport events. Small Collaborative partnerships and Collaborative partnerships in the sport field".

Despite the world's aging population, suitable clothing for the older community is a largely neglected area. This book considers the needs of the growing number of active older people and investigates how recent developments in textiles, fibres, finishes, design and integrated technology can be deployed to serve this group and improve quality of life. Part I provides an understanding of the active aging population by considering the group's experiences of and attitudes towards clothing and reviewing the barriers to their adoption of new wearable technologies. Part II focuses on the needs of

The ageing of the population is an inevitable social development trend and is presenting many challenges to modern society. The issue of population ageing has involved politics, economy, culture, society and other fields. With the increase of ageing population, the well-being of the elderly will determine the realization of harmonious society. The development of education for the elderly is an inevitable trend of social development. Education for the elderly will contribute to the harmonious development of the whole society. The concept of active ageing is gaining popularity among governments. Continuing education for the elderly in the context of active ageing has many potential benefits. Elderly education can improve the quality of life of the elderly, help them maintain physical functions and productivity for a longer period of time, create opportunities for the elderly to form learning groups, meet new friends, increase social participation, and reduce the feeling of alienation. The development of education for the elderly can also help to develop and use the potential human resources of the elderly and thus promote economic development. The analysis of the benefits of elderly education will draw people's attention to the importance of the development of elderly education and encourage people from all walks of life to support the further development of education for the elderly. While there are many benefits of continuing education for the elderly, there exist some challenges, one of which is the lack of special teachers for elderly education. The lack of specialized teachers at the Open University for old people can be solved partly by taking advantage of the learners' lifelong work experience and accumulation of knowledge, and encouraging them to become volunteer teachers. Another solution is to offer various kinds of online courses to facilitate flexible learning at the elderly's convenience. The development of elderly education will contribute to the active ageing process.

This study considers active ageing policies in labour market in ten European countries. The study aims to identify changes to European labour markets in the past 15 years and assess what these changes mean for active ageing policy agendas (i.e. identify barriers and opportunities). In Active Ageing programmes the concepts and aims can be European but the national institutions of each welfare state should appropriate its own programme of social learning. The reason is the clear differences shown to prevail both in the labour markets and in the pace of ageing in individual European countries. However, ageing is more rapid in public sector in all countries. For example in Finland, in government sector in 10 years 75% of leaders and 50% of employees retire. It is argued that one of the main barriers to the employment of older people is inaccurate perceptions about the capabilities of older workers such as long professional experience and the atmosphere of reliability and loyalty to employers. However, one cannot isolate issues pertaining to older workers. Age management is bound to general wellbeing at work places. Successful active ageing policy could also be part of innovative human resource management. An increasing number of firms are adopting new human resource management that has large impact on employeremployee work relations. Many of the positive characteristics of older workers relate to a longer work relationship and particularly the recruitment of new older workers is difficult and should be subsidised. Finally, new senior citizenship should be introduced that also covers retired. This is particularly important when active ageing policies are prone to be conducted by labour market participants (unions and employer federations) that are likely to ignore issues relevant for the retired. ; Tämä tutkimus tarkastelee aktiivisen ikääntymisen ohjelmia työmarkkinoilla kymmenessä Euroopan maassa. Pyrkimyksenä on kuvata muutoksia työmarkkinoilla viimeisen 15 vuoden aikana ja pohtia mitä nämä merkitsevät aktiivisen ikääntymisen ohjelmille (mitä esteitä ja mahdollisuuksia voi havaita). Ikääntymisohjelmissa monet käsitteet ja tavoitteet ovat yleiseurooppalaisia. Kuitenkin kansallisten instituutioiden on asetettava omat sosiaalisen oppimisen ja aktiivisen ikääntymisen ohjelmansa. Syynä tähän on Euroopan maiden eroavaisuudet työmarkkinoilla ja väestön ikääntymisessä. Ikääntyminen on tosin nopeinta julkisella sektorilla kaikissa maissa. Esimerkiksi Suomessa 75 prosenttia esimiehistä ja 50 prosenttia työntekijöistä jää eläkkeelle seuraavan kymmenen vuoden aikana. Tutkimuksessa väitetään, että yksi keskeinen este ikääntyneiden työllistymiselle ovat väärät käsitykset kokeneen työntekijän osaamisesta, joka liittyy pitkään ammattiuraan ja sitoutumiseen yrityksen toimintaan. Tosin vanhempia työntekijöitä ei voida myöskään käsitellä erillisenä kysymyksenä silloin, kun tarkastellaan koko työyhteisön hyvinvointia. Ikäjohtaminen ja erilaisuuden johtaminen koskettaa kaikkien työntekijöiden hyvinvointia. Aktiivinen ikääntymispolitiikka yrityksissä voi myös olla osa uudenlaista henkilöstöjohtamista innovatiivisissa yrityksissä, joita on yhä suurempi osa kaikista yrityksistä. Vanhempien työntekijöiden hyvät ominaisuudet liittyvät usein pitkään työuraan yrityksessä ja siten uusien ikääntyneiden työntekijöiden palkkaaminen on vaikeaa ja sitä on tuettava. Työmarkkinakysymysten lisäksi on kehitettävä seniorikansalaisuuden käsitettä, joka kattaa myös eläkkeellä olevat. Tämä on tärkeää siitä syystä, että ikääntyminen ymmärretään usein vain työmarkkinakysymykseksi, ei vähiten sen vuoksi että ammattiliitot ja työnantajajärjestöt ovat useimmiten keskeisimpiä toimijoita.

In this topical book, older people's volunteering is studied in eight European countries at the structural, macro, meso and micro levels. Overall it highlights how different interactions between the levels facilitate or hinder older people's inclusion in voluntary work and makes policy suggestions for an integrated strategy.