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Growing concerns over the related problems of more speedily bringing innovative pharmaceuticals (especially so-called 'precision medicines') to market, and addressing areas of unmet medical need, have engendered critical scrutiny of the existing process for the licensing of pharmaceutical products. The objective is to enable these products to receive approval sooner, but on the basis of the provision of less complete evidence, than was previously the case. This article examines the attempts made to tackle this issue at European Union level, through a pilot programme exploring 'adaptive' approaches to licensing operated by the European Medicines Agency. Responses to this initiative indicate significant difficulty in securing regulatory legitimacy in this context. This suggests that innovative pharmaceutical technologies are disruptive of existing regulatory frameworks, such that future attempts to accommodate them within these may be susceptible to failure

This paper seeks to bridge the gap between socio-material and complex adaptive systems approaches in conceptualizing the politics of transformation. Our contribution in particular is a further clarification of the relational nature of power, and the role of non-humans in transitional dynamics of complex adaptive systems. We explore and operationalize the role of non-humans and relationality in (1) agency and (2) power, and the implications thereof for processes of (3) powering, through which power relations shape resource distributions and associated macro-scale dynamics. We consider agency as an embedded and temporal capacity for reorientation. This also entails attributing agency to entangled networks of humans and non-humans. Such a capacitive conception of agency follows from our understanding that agents and structures consist of comparable ontological building blocks, both being (networks of) components in complex adaptive systems. Power we understand as a productive and relational phenomenon that emerges from interactions between components and that structures their agency. We argue that such a 'force-field' understanding of power enables the observation of different types of power relations. Finally, we consider six different mechanisms through which power relations can result in a (re)distribution of resources and with that, contribute to self-reproducing or transformative systemic dynamics. With this conceptualization, we hope to advance the debate on the different facets of the politics of transformation, and to help further urgently needed transitions towards a more sustainable future.

Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Adaptive Preferences and Global Justice -- 1. A Deliberative Perfectionist Approach to Adaptive Preference Intervention -- 2. Adaptive Preferences and Choice: Are Adaptive Preferences Autonomy Deficits? -- 3. Adaptive Preferences and Agency: The Selective Effects of Adaptive Preferences -- 4. The Deliberative Perfectionist Approach, Paternalism, and Cultural Diversity -- 5. Reimagining Intervention: Adaptive Preferences and the Paradoxes of Empowerment -- Notes -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- Y.

− ESG–Agency scholarship reveals that diverse forms of agency are crucial to cultivating adaptiveness of governance systems within complex and changing contexts. − ESG–Agency scholars are well-positioned to apply extensive insights to major emerging questions in the social sciences about adaptiveness and renewal of political and governance systems across many spheres of society. − Greater focus is required concerning the effects of agency on adaptiveness of environmental governance systems in several ways: materially, normatively, and temporally.

Adaptive management is an approach to managing social-ecological systems that fosters learning about the systems being managed and remains at the forefront of environmental management nearly 40 years after its original conception. Adaptive management persists because it allows action despite uncertainty, and uncertainty is reduced when learning occurs during the management process. Often termed "learning by doing", the allure of this management approach has entrenched the concept widely in agency direction and statutory mandates across the globe. This exceptional volume is a collection of essa

Administrative law needs to adapt to adaptive management. Adaptive management is a structured decision-making method the core of which is a multi-step iterative process for adjusting management measures to changing circumstances or new information about the effectiveness of prior measures or the system being managed. It has been identified as a necessary or best practices component of regulation in a broad range of fields, including drug and medical device warnings, financial system regulation, social welfare programs, and natural resources management. Nevertheless, many of the agency decisions advancing these policies remain subject to the requirements of either the federal Administrative Procedure Act or the states' parallel statutes. Adaptive management theorists have identified several features of such administrative law requirements — especially public participation, judicial review, and finality — as posing barriers to true adaptive management, but they have put forward no reform proposals. This Article represents the first effort in adaptive management theory to go beyond complaining about the handcuffs administrative law puts on adaptive management and to suggest a solution. The Article begins by explaining the theory and limits of adaptive management to emphasize that it is not appropriate for all or even most agency decision making. For its appropriate applications, however, we argue that conventional administrative law has unnecessarily shackled effective use of adaptive management. We show that the core values of administrative law can be implemented in ways that much better allow for adaptive management through a specialized "adaptive management track†of administrative procedures. Going further, we propose and explain draft model legislation that would create such a track for the specific types of agency decision making that could benefit from adaptive management.

This article examines how the growing complexity of peacebuilding settings is transforming the classic notion of purposeful agency into a non-purposeful, adaptive form of being in such contexts. Through an analysis of critical peacebuilding literature and a reflection on the UN's peacebuilding practices in the field, the article first argues that complexity has been gradually replacing linear, top-down strategies with approaches seeking to draw attention to interdependencies, relationality and uncertainty. The article then suggests that engaging with complexity has critical implications for the traditional understanding of purposeful agency in the peacebuilding milieu that go beyond those of the governmentality critique, which conceptualizes the complexity turn as a strategy for extending control over post-conflict societies. Complexity is eventually conceived of in the article as a performative contextual quality that stems from the non-linear, co-emergent and unpredictable entanglement of interactions between actors in peacebuilding processes. This state of entanglement hinders the autonomous, purposeful agential condition of these actors in war-torn scenarios – in this article, peacebuilding implementers specifically – in which agency seems more and more restricted to its adaptive nature.

Glasses-free automultiscopic displays are on the verge of becoming a standard technology in consumer products. These displays are capable of producing the illusion of 3D content without the need of any additional eyewear. However, due to limitations in angular resolution, they can only show a limited depth of field, which translates into blurred-out areas whenever an object extrudes beyond a certain depth. Moreover, the blurring is device-specific, due to the different constraints of each display. We introduce a novel display-adaptive light field retargeting method, to provide high-quality, blur-free viewing experiences of the same content on a variety of display types, ranging from hand-held devices to movie theaters. We pose the problem as an optimization, which aims at modifying the original light field so that the displayed content appears sharp while preserving the original perception of depth. In particular, we run the optimization on the central view and use warping to synthesize the rest of the light field. We validate our method using existing objective metrics for both image quality (blur) and perceived depth. The proposed framework can also be applied to retargeting disparities in stereoscopic image displays, supporting both dichotomous and non-dichotomous comfort zones. ; European Union (Project GOLEM 251415) ; European Union (Project VERVE 288914) ; Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology (TIN2010-21543) ; Media Lab Consortium Members ; Lincoln Laboratory ; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies ; Samsung (Firm) ; National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant 1116452) ; National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant 1218411) ; Spanish Ministry of Education (FPU Grant) ; NVIDIA Corporation (Graduate Fellowship) ; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Postdoctoral Fellowship) ; United States. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. SCENICC Program ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (Sloan Research Fellowship) ; United States. Defense Advanced ...

Control over agency budgets is a critical tool of political influence in regulatory decision making, yet the causal mechanism of budgetary control is unclear. Do budgetary manipulations influence agencies by imposing resource constraints or by transmitting powerful signals to the agency? I advance and test a stochastic process model of adaptive signal processing by a hierarchical agency to address this question. The principal findings of the paper are two. First, presidents and congressional committees achieve budgetary control over agencies not by manipulating aggregate resource constraints but by transmitting powerful signals through budget shifts. Second, bureaucratic hierarchy increases the agency's response time in processing budgetary signals, limiting the efficacy of the budget as a device of political control. I also show that the magnitude of agency response to budgetary signals increased for executive-branch agencies after 1970 due to executive oversight reforms. I conclude by discussing the limits of budgetary manipulations as a device of political control and the response of elected authorities to adaptive signal processing by agencies.

Globally teachers are experiencing reductions to their autonomy and constraints on their professional practice through legislative impositions of limiting standards, external testing and narrowing curricula. This study explores the ways English educators find a balance between these external expectations, contemporary pressures, professional aspirations, and personal values. It was a qualitative investigation into the perceptions shared by thirty-three English teachers from New South Wales, Australia and across England. A significant gap now exists between the ways English teachers conceive their subject, their purposes and the nature of their work, and that determined by regulation, formalised curriculum and accreditation requirements. The enduring resilience of these teachers is revealed but also the corrosive structural effects produced by narrowly focused, neoliberal policies especially in relation to high stakes testing. However, the research demonstrates how certain English teachers remain remarkably resilient–retaining autonomy where they can–and we define this attribute as 'adaptive agency'. ; may be compliant at https://researchers.mq.edu.au/en/publications/contested-territories-english-teachers-in-australia-and-england-r

Reading and recognition : landmarks of memory -- The perception of the past : the task of the translator -- Site specific art : unintentional monuments -- The problem of obsolete buildings: a society can only support so many museums -- Memory and anticipation : the existing building and the expectations of the new users -- Conservation : a future orientated movement focussing on the past -- Sustainable adaptation -- Spatial agency or taking action -- Smartness and the impact of the digital -- On taking away -- On making additions : assemblage, memory and the recovery of wholeness -- Itinerant elements -- Nearness and thinking about details.

Control over agency budgets is a critical tool of political influence in regulatory decision making, yet the causal mechanism of budgetary control is unclear. Do budgetary manipulations influence agencies by imposing resource constraints or by transmitting powerful signals to the agency? I advance and test a stochastic process model of adaptive signal processing by a hierarchical agency to address this question. The principal findings of the paper are two. First, presidents and congressional committees achieve budgetary control over agencies not by manipulating aggregate resource constraints but by transmitting powerful signals through budget shifts. Second, bureaucratic hierarchy increases the agency's response time in processing budgetary signals, limiting the efficacy of the budget as a device of political control. I also show that the magnitude of agency response to budgetary signals increased for executive-branch agencies after 1970 due to executive oversight reforms. I conclude by discussing the limits of budgetary manipulations as a device of political control and the response of elected authorities to adaptive signal processing by agencies. (American Political Science Review / FUB)

Reading and recognition : landmarks of memory -- The perception of the past : the task of the translator -- Site specific art : unintentional monuments -- The problem of obsolete buildings: a society can only support so many museums -- Memory and anticipation : the existing building and the expectations of the new users -- Conservation : a future orientated movement focussing on the past -- Sustainable adaptation -- Spatial agency or taking action -- Smartness and the impact of the digital -- On taking away -- On making additions : assemblage, memory and the recovery of wholeness -- Itinerant elements -- Nearness and thinking about details.