The foundations of administrative law -- The principles of administrative law and their realization -- The significance of procedures -- Law and the problem of bureaucracy -- Rule by bureaucracy: rulemaking and adjudication in administrative agencies -- Local governance -- Tax administration -- Administering the environmental law regime -- Regulating the prosecutorial power -- Administering elections -- Administrative law in the 'contracting state' -- The ombudsman and good administration -- The politics of judicial review -- Judicial remedies for maladministration
The system of national law and the corresponding system of democratic authorities had to guarantee optimal protection of the individual's fundamental freedoms and rights, and help to create human welfare. Science of administrative law is constantly evolving, and its insights are strategic in nature, oriented towards the future. There is often a struggle for new ideas, opinions, concepts, paradigms to be embedded or denied. The new, old, inaccurate statements are changed to be more accurate, the new ideas criticize the old ones, and life practices raise new problems that science must answer rationally. The science of administrative law in Lithuania is not static, it is constantly changing as the administrative law itself changes. The concept of administrative law is changing, its regulation is expanding. The science of administrative law is an integral part of Lithuanian law science, where the specialists of administrative law – scientists investigate the essence of this branch of law, its subject matter and separate institutes and in general all actual problems of administrative legal practice and science of the whoel country. This article is the first scientific research in the cycle of articles "Development of Administrative Law and Administrative Legal Doctrine in Lithuania". The purpose of this article is to present the development of administrative law and administrative law doctrine in Lithuania since 1990 by analysing the works of Lithuanian scientists in this field through the categories defined in the research tasks. In order to achieve the aim of the article, the following tasks are raised: briefly to introduce and discuss the development of Lithuanian administrative law science and administrative law as a category, to define and analyse the goals of administrative law, the subject of regulation and the system of administrative law in Lithuania. In order to achieve the aim and tasks of the research, the analysis of the works of Lithuanian scientists and the main laws implementing the administrative legal regulation of Lithuania was performed. Methods. Historical comparative, documents' analysis, synthesis and other methods were used for research. Results of research showed that Lithuania has modern administrative law and administrative justice system, that meets nowadays meets and European Union justice standards' requirements. Conclusions. We can conclude that Lithuanian scientists understand the administrative law in broad sense as law of management and described quite wide range of its regulation subjects. After Lithuania's accession to the European Union and its commitment to take over its acquis communautaire, the entire Lithuanian legal system, together with administrative law, had to adapt to change. Implementation of the provisions of the European Union legislation in Lithuanian law has become a priority. The abundance of administrative legal regulation at European Union level and the need for its application in the case-law have created challenging tasks for administrative law science. An accurate analysis of the implementation of European Union legislation in the systems of state power and public administration in Lithuania, analysis of administrative legal systems of the Member States of the European Union, search for similarities and differences, effective defence of the rights and legitimate interests of a person when a Member State misapplies (waives) the provisions of European Union legislation, the jurisdiction of national courts to deal with damages where, for example, damage caused by inappropriate application of European Union law is made by a court of final instance in the state, and other issues become the subject of modern administrative law research.
The system of national law and the corresponding system of democratic authorities had to guarantee optimal protection of the individual's fundamental freedoms and rights, and help to create human welfare. Science of administrative law is constantly evolving, and its insights are strategic in nature, oriented towards the future. There is often a struggle for new ideas, opinions, concepts, paradigms to be embedded or denied. The new, old, inaccurate statements are changed to be more accurate, the new ideas criticize the old ones, and life practices raise new problems that science must answer rationally. The science of administrative law in Lithuania is not static, it is constantly changing as the administrative law itself changes. The concept of administrative law is changing, its regulation is expanding. The science of administrative law is an integral part of Lithuanian law science, where the specialists of administrative law – scientists investigate the essence of this branch of law, its subject matter and separate institutes and in general all actual problems of administrative legal practice and science of the whoel country. This article is the first scientific research in the cycle of articles "Development of Administrative Law and Administrative Legal Doctrine in Lithuania". The purpose of this article is to present the development of administrative law and administrative law doctrine in Lithuania since 1990 by analysing the works of Lithuanian scientists in this field through the categories defined in the research tasks. In order to achieve the aim of the article, the following tasks are raised: briefly to introduce and discuss the development of Lithuanian administrative law science and administrative law as a category, to define and analyse the goals of administrative law, the subject of regulation and the system of administrative law in Lithuania. In order to achieve the aim and tasks of the research, the analysis of the works of Lithuanian scientists and the main laws implementing the administrative legal regulation of Lithuania was performed. Methods. Historical comparative, documents' analysis, synthesis and other methods were used for research. Results of research showed that Lithuania has modern administrative law and administrative justice system, that meets nowadays meets and European Union justice standards' requirements. Conclusions. We can conclude that Lithuanian scientists understand the administrative law in broad sense as law of management and described quite wide range of its regulation subjects. After Lithuania's accession to the European Union and its commitment to take over its acquis communautaire, the entire Lithuanian legal system, together with administrative law, had to adapt to change. Implementation of the provisions of the European Union legislation in Lithuanian law has become a priority. The abundance of administrative legal regulation at European Union level and the need for its application in the case-law have created challenging tasks for administrative law science. An accurate analysis of the implementation of European Union legislation in the systems of state power and public administration in Lithuania, analysis of administrative legal systems of the Member States of the European Union, search for similarities and differences, effective defence of the rights and legitimate interests of a person when a Member State misapplies (waives) the provisions of European Union legislation, the jurisdiction of national courts to deal with damages where, for example, damage caused by inappropriate application of European Union law is made by a court of final instance in the state, and other issues become the subject of modern administrative law research.
Les dysfonctionnements des services administratifs, les erreurs des agents publics, les carences des autorités publiques ou l'insuffisance de leur action sont ressentis par les administrés comme les causes de certains de leurs maux. Symbole de l'État de droit, la responsabilité administrative est à la fois une question de technique juridique et le reflet de cette demande sociale. Elle consiste à affirmer l'obligation pour les personnes publiques de prendre en charge les conséquences dommageables de leurs actions ou inactions selon les règles du droit administratif. La responsabilité administrative présente aujourd'hui de forts enjeux : impact financier des condamnations indemnitaires, soumission à l'État de droit des différents acteurs de la puissance publique (qu'il s'agisse de l'Administration, du législateur ou du juge administratif), variété des préjudices indemnisables (intégrant notamment le préjudice d'anxiété)... Cet ouvrage développe les traits saillants de la matière en offrant tout d'abord une étude historique et une comparaison avec d'autres mécanismes (responsabilités civile et pénale notamment) (1re partie). Il présente ensuite ses sources, en particulier pour rendre compte des apports de la jurisprudence constitutionnelle et des sources européennes (2e partie). L'analyse des régimes et des conditions de cette responsabilité se trouve de manière traditionnelle au coeur de l'ouvrage (3e et 4e parties). Enfin, celui-ci dresse un bilan détaillé des spécificités procédurales du recours indemnitaire (5e partie). Cette deuxième édition intègre les enjeux les plus récents qui intéressent la matière : reconnaissance d'un pouvoir d'injonction en matière indemnitaire, affirmation de la responsabilité de l'État du fait d'une loi inconstitutionnelle, amélioration de l'indemnisation des conditions de détention indignes, procès climatiques, puissance publique et pandémie de Covid-19... L'ouvrage (à jour de mai 2020) permet ainsi de dessiner les nouveaux horizons de la responsabilité administrative. Ce manuel peut intéresser les étudiants qui, de la licence au master, souhaitent approfondir l'étude de ce pan du droit administratif. Il pourra aussi être utile aux praticiens du droit, notamment dans ses développements de procédure contentieuse. Il synthétise en outre les débats de doctrine pour favoriser les recherches universitaires sur la responsabilité administrative
Administrative Court is a specialized court under the Supreme Court with a role to settle the administrative disputes included staffing disputes. The legitimation of Law No. 30 of 2104 concerning Government Administration has brought a new paradigm in the governance framework. Also, the competence of the Court is broader than before. In Addition, some regulations give more competence to the Court. It is normative juridical research. It uses statute, conceptual approach to observed, analyzed and discussion on the issues. This research is to develop the relations between the competence of the Court and administrative justice. Based on the research, broader competence gives more opportunity to get access to justice.In conclusion, administrative justice has some meanings; first, it is the rights of an individual. Therefore, the government has to provide detail, clear information for any individual before issuing a decree based on the application, rights to claims and revision for any mistakes. Second, the defendant must obey and implement the judicial verdict. This obligation as an implementation of administrative justice and legal certainty for Plaintiff and obedience by the Defendant to the judge verdict. Third, administrative justice should be supported by the regulations by obeying the judge verdict. This is part of improving the quality of governance.
Administrative silence, also known as formal inactivity of the administration, is an important topic in the field of comparative administrative law and has gained recognition in many legal systems around the world. It is seen as a necessary tool for the protection of individual rights and, in many jurisdictions, it is considered a constitutional guarantee that citizens have against the powers of administrative authorities. Many international human rights treaties impose a duty on these authorities to respond to citizens' petitions. However, when there is a failure in this duty by an administrative authority, there is a requirement to determine how this has happened and the consequences of this failure. This book provides an overview of the concept of administrative silence, its importance in protecting individual rights, and explores how it is recognised and applied within 21 jurisdictions around the word. It is a useful reference for anyone interested in the subject and it aims to improve knowledge on the topic and gives it the attention that it deserves within the framework of comparative administrative law.
L'établissement d'un État moderne en Europe a entraîné l'apparition d'un système d'introduction d'un État sur l'ensemble de son territoire. La raison en est que les décisions gouvernementales doivent être appliquées de manière égale à tous. Cela ne peut être garanti que si les fonctionnaires, nommés par le gouvernement et responsables de la mise en oeuvre et du suivi de la politique gouvernementale, les transfèrent effectivement du niveau de fonctionnaire gouvernemental au niveau local et régional. En règle générale, l'administration centrale s'acquitte de tâches de caractère national dont la mise en oeuvre en vertu de la loi ne peut être confiée à un niveau régional. Cependant, l'État doit également avoir des fonctionnaires au niveau local qui mettront en oeuvre de véritables pouvoirs lors de la prise de décisions (sur la base de la délégation de pouvoirs), afin de prendre en compte les besoins et la situation locales. La «déconcentration» représente précisément cela. Par conséquent, nous traitons avec des services qui incluent des fonctionnaires nommés qui sont soumis à l'autorité d'un organisme central et qui représentent localement le gouvernement et les ministères. En France et en général, nous distinguons trois catégories d'administrations: l'administration centrale, l'administration périphérique (décentralisée ou déconcentrée), l'administration spécialisée indépendante qui reste néanmoins rattachée à l'un des ministères compétents qui supervisent les organismes placés sous le contrôle du gouvernement. La déconcentration à la française enrichit la dimension interministérielle, présente localement chez le préfet qui représente le président du gouvernement et les ministres et qui est chargé de la gestion du territoire, du dialogue avec les représentants locaux du pouvoir exécutif et de la modernisation de l'administration. Compte tenu de la carte administrative de la France comprenant trente mille communes, une centaine de départements et une vingtaine de régions (13 depuis 2015), la déconcentration repose sur les éléments suivants: le préfet de région met en oeuvre la politique nationale et la politique de la communauté (européenne) fixe des objectifs stratégiques, alloue des ressources , évalue l'activité de l'Etat. Le préfet de département est responsable de l'activité opérationnelle et de l'administration des politiques publiques. Le vice-préfet initie et rejoint des partenaires dans des «centres de vie» (villes et villages) au sein d'un département. ; Uspostava moderne države u Europi dovela je do uvođenja države na cijelom njezinom teritoriju. Razlog za to je potreba da se njene odluke primjenjuju jednako na sve. To se može osigurati jedino ako službenici, koje vlada imenuje i koji su odgovorni za provedbu i praćenje vladine politike, iste učinkovito prenose s državne na lokalnu i regionalnu razinu. Središnja uprava općenito obavlja poslove nacionalnog karaktera čija se provedba sukladno zakonu ne može staviti na regionalnu razinu. Međutim, država također mora imati dužnosnike na lokalnoj razini koji će provoditi stvarne ovlasti prilikom donošenja odluka (na temelju delegiranja ovlasti), kako bi se brinuli o lokalnim potrebama i okolnostima. Ovdje je riječ o "dekoncentraciji". Radi se, dakle, o uslugama koje uključuju imenovane službenike koji podliježu središnjem tijelu vlasti i koji lokalno predstavljaju vladu i ministarstva. U Francuskoj i općenito razlikujemo tri kategorije uprave: središnja, periferna (decentralizirana ili dekoncentrirana), te neovisna specijalizirana uprava koja je ipak povezana s jednim od relevantnih ministarstava koja nadziru tijela koja su pod kontrolom vlade. Dekoncentracija na francuski način obogaćuje međuresorsku dimenziju, lokalno prisutnu u osobi imenovanog prefekta koja predstavlja predsjednika vlade i ministre i koja je zadužena za upravljanje teritorijem, održavanje dijaloga s lokalnim predstavnicima izvršne vlasti i modernizaciju uprave. S obzirom na administrativnu kartu Francuske koja uključuje trideset tisuća općina, oko stotinu odjela i dvadeset regija (13 od 2015.), dekoncentracija se temelji na sljedećem: regionalni župan provodi nacionalnu politiku i politiku (europske) zajednice uspostavlja strateške ciljeve, alocira resurse , ocjenjuje državnu aktivnost. Župan odjela je odgovoran za operativne aktivnosti i upravljanje javnim politikama. Potpredsjednik pokreće i pridružuje se partnerima u takozvanim «središtima života» (gradovima i selima) u okviru odjela. ; Establishing a modern state in Europe has brought about the appearance of a system of introducing state on all of its territory. The reason this has come about is the need for government decisions to be applied in an equal way to everyone. This can only be ensured if officials, whom the government appoints and who are responsible for implementing and following government policy, effectively transfer them from government official level onto local and regional level. Central administration generally singularly carries out tasks of a national character the implementation of which pursuant to law cannot be placed onto a regional level. However, the state also must have officials at a local level who will implement real powers when making decisions (based on delegating powers), in order to take care of local needs and circumstances. «Deconcentration» precisely represents that. Therefore, we are dealing with services which include appointed officials who are subject to central body authority and who locally represent the government and ministries. In France and in general, we differentiate among three categories of administration: central administration, peripheral administration (decentralized or deconcentrated), independent specialized administration which are nevertheless still linked to one of the relevant ministries which supervise the bodies which are under government control. Deconcentration French style enriches the inter-department dimension, locally present in the person named prefect who represents government president and ministers and who is in charge of managing territory, maintaining dialogue with local representatives of executive powers and modernization of administration. Given the administrative map of France which includes thirty thousand municipalities, about a hundred departments and twenty regions (13 since 2015), deconcentration is based on the following : regional prefect implements national policy and policy of (European) community establishes strategic goals, allocates resources, evaluates state activity. The department prefect is responsible for operative activity and administering public policies. The vice-prefect initiates and joins partners in so-called «life centers» (towns and villages) within a department framework.
The authors discuss recent developments in the field of administrative law in Florida. They discuss the constitutional and legal limitations imposed on the Florida legislature, administrative agencies and judiciary when involved in the administrative process. They then analyze the recent trend towards consolidation of proceedings among agencies and conclude that, if the trend is to gain any momentum, the legislature must redraft the regulatory schemes.
AbstractThe middle manager is responsible for getting things done through others. The achievement of organizational objectives is facilitated by the administrative supervisory process.
