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At head of title, Apr. 1978-Mar. 1980- :Pocket supplement to preamble compilation ; Cover title. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Supplement to: United States. Food and Drug Administration. Preamble compilation. Administrative practices and procedures.

Describes and explains the substantive and procedural nature of 3 local authorities' exercise of discretionary powers in the housing benefit scheme. Focuses on the extent to which administrative practices conform to legislative requirement, on the prescriptive influence of councillors over the administrative process and on the appellate role of the quasi-judicial housing benefit review board. (Abstract amended)

There exist more than forty federal executive and administrative agencies before which lawyers (and in many cases, laymen) may practice and serve the interests of clients. The complexities of our society, the specializations which are a by-product of a complex industrial state, and the persistent growth of government's bureaucracy, point up the continuing importance of practice before federal administrative agencies.

This paper draws on data gathered during fieldwork conducted in 1986. It attempts to describe and explain the substantive and procedural nature of three local authorities'exercise of discretionary powers in the housing benefit scheme. Particular emphasis is placed on the extent to which administrative practices conform to legislative requirement, on the prescriptive influence of councillors over the administrative process and on the appellate role of the quasi‐judicial housing benefit review board. The paper suggests that an understanding of the dynamics of the administrative process can be found only through a dissection of each organizations'respective 'administrative culture', a multi‐faceted common‐sense rationale comprising political, moral, organizational and environmental factors which may be either mutually supportive or contradictory.

The Soviet Union, as an administrative state par excellence, is a Parkinsonian nightmare. Although the leadership is armed with broad powers and unhampered by formal restraints in its control of the bureaucracy, it is nevertheless hard pressed to keep the huge administrative structures of the Soviet system efficient and responsive to central direction. The success or failure of a regime depends in large measure on how effectively it can get its policies translated into action by the bureaucracy.Most schematic descriptions of the Soviet system by Western commentators, especially those written in the early 1950's, emphasized the division of the state into several highly centralized, vertically structured, and functionally specialized administrations—party, police, armed forces, and the economic bureaucracy. Within these broad categories there was frequently even further vertical-functional fractionization. For example, within the industrial bureaucracy there were various specialized ministries and a separation between planners and managers.