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Problem setting. Latin America and the Caribbean traditionally referred to as a large and ambiguous region in an out-side territorial scientific environment. A whole stratum of problems of identities, peculiarities of self-awareness, civilization affiliations of messianic 'appointments ' in the history of the region and the world, the development of ways of cultural and historical development corresponding to them, the affirmation of the tendencies of state formation is in a scientific researcher focus. Among the many aspects that conceptualize the demandfor research in the region and its implementation, we would like to highlight the following: 1) Latin America and the Caribbean are, to some extent, «a territory of historically significant validation of modern trends» in their speculative lengthening, the field ofdeveloping new ones political and economic novations, including regarding various projections of the correlation of socio-political practices, institutional design and legal technologies, derived from the understanding of nature and the purpose of law. 2) The region 'provides ' a wide range of heterogeneous materials for analytical work, both concatenate-linear in nature, and combining poly-meaningful multidimensionality, multifaceted coexistence of values generated by contemporary media, the glare of meanings, signs, intentions of conscious transformations, random «breakthroughs» of network travel followers. In the discovery literature thatfollows only the analysis of statistical indicators, it is often noted that Latin America and the Caribbean is a region of polarization (the territory of the intersection of different values, gaps traditions, lifestyles, indicators of the difference between the needful and the wealth, the level of concentration of income, manifestations of crime, corruption, etc.). 3) Considering the full amount of opportunities and perspectives available, Latin America in general, in some associative formulation, is clearly «boxing at levels below its weight and its impact on ...

В даній роботі розкривається тема військово-політичного та дипломатичного протистояння СРСР та США в Карибському басейні, а також розглядається загальний характер міжнародних відносин в 40-60-х рр., що призвели до цього конфлікту. ; This study reveals the topic of military-political and diplomatic confrontation between the USSR and the USA in the Caribbean, and also considers the general nature of international relations in the 40-60's that led to this conflict.

In this paper, an attempt is made to raise the question of the nature of modernity as such, with an understanding of the key development trends and the characteristics of political processes at the global and regional levels with a description of future risk issues. In the framework of the research vector, the insufficient study of the issue of the qualitative content of geopolitics was emphasized in connection with the completion of the US approval of neo-liberal hegemony and the corresponding reformatting of the world with the beginning of the introduction by the United States of America of a political and economic strategy for national development. It has been recorded that in the context of the implementation by other actors of world politics of the intentions of a new contouring of a multipolar world, a range of issues is being updated regarding the formatting of political and economic processes at the national-state level and awareness of the risks of the future, the search for ways to minimize them. Thus, the article analyzes the power of resource aspects of geopolitics, offers a vision of the nature and content of prospects, identifies risk zones in the context of the implementation of today's strategies in general terms and, in part, in relation to the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. It is concluded that under the conditions of "fluid modernity" and the establishment of a multi-polarity of the world with centering of the poles based on resource understanding of modern infrastructural power, the nature of the transformation of the "poles of the world" is fleeting, that is, the process of struggle to expand zones of influence, "territories of responsibility" is being updated, the risks of conflict are growing, with a separate problem of the forms and extent of social conflict. In the Latin American context, in particular, the significance of the very definition, production and distribution of risks, awareness of its "level by conditional score of the scale of values" It is emphasized that the prospects for formatting the world and regional changes largely depend on the development of processes in the USA, the leader of the democratic world and world economy. ; Стаття присвячена дослідженню проблеми щастя та політики щастя в соціальних державах. Метою роботи є визначення ролі соціальної держави в формуванні суспільства щасливих людей та шляхів реалізації нею «політики щастя». Наукова новизна дослідження у визначенні можливості здійснювати політику щастя в умовах конкурентного суспільства. У дослідженні показано зростання інтересу до проблеми щастя як науковців, так і політиків. Відмічається міждисциплінарний підхід до вивчення проблеми щастя. Зазначено, що уявлення про шляхи формування соціально справедливого суспільства змінюються. Приділяється увага дискусії щодо максималізації щастя як мети уряду. Визначається суть соціальної держави, яка найбільш послідовно реалізує завдання створення гідних людини умов існування. Доведено значення свободи в забезпеченні щастя людини та необхідність надання державою соціального захисту від негативного впливу на суспільство економічної свободи, ринку. Рівень захисту громадян від ринку (рівень декоммодифікації) розглядається як один з критеріїв різних моделей соціальної держави. Аналізуються та оцінюються різні стратегії найкращого задоволення потреб суспільства та їх практичне застосування в різних країнах: традиційно ліва (підтримує державну гарантію задоволення людських потреб); традиційно права (задоволення потреб залежить від ринку); стратегії, що поєднують ознаки цих двох стратегій («гібридні»). Відмінність між країнами, які використовують «гібридні» стратегії, в тому чого більше – «ринку» чи «регулювання ринку задля задоволення потреб населення». Як приклад розглядається використання «гібридних» стратегій в Соціалістичній Федеративній Республіці Югославія, де існувала «економіка ринкового соціалізму». Визначається сумісність лібертаріанських ідей з проголошеною в Україні політикою щастя. Зроблено висновок, що реалізація прагнень сформувати суспільство щасливих людей в Україні залежить від побудови соціальної держави.

In this paper, an attempt is made to raise the question of the nature of modernity as such, with an understanding of the key development trends and the characteristics of political processes at the global and regional levels with a description of future risk issues. In the framework of the research vector, the insufficient study of the issue of the qualitative content of geopolitics was emphasized in connection with the completion of the US approval of neo-liberal hegemony and the corresponding reformatting of the world with the beginning of the introduction by the United States of America of a political and economic strategy for national development. It has been recorded that in the context of the implementation by other actors of world politics of the intentions of a new contouring of a multipolar world, a range of issues is being updated regarding the formatting of political and economic processes at the national-state level and awareness of the risks of the future, the search for ways to minimize them. Thus, the article analyzes the power of resource aspects of geopolitics, offers a vision of the nature and content of prospects, identifies risk zones in the context of the implementation of today's strategies in general terms and, in part, in relation to the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. It is concluded that under the conditions of "fluid modernity" and the establishment of a multi-polarity of the world with centering of the poles based on resource understanding of modern infrastructural power, the nature of the transformation of the "poles of the world" is fleeting, that is, the process of struggle to expand zones of influence, "territories of responsibility" is being updated, the risks of conflict are growing, with a separate problem of the forms and extent of social conflict. In the Latin American context, in particular, the significance of the very definition, production and distribution of risks, awareness of its "level by conditional score of the scale of values" It is emphasized that the prospects for formatting the world and regional changes largely depend on the development of processes in the USA, the leader of the democratic world and world economy. ; Стаття присвячена дослідженню проблеми щастя та політики щастя в соціальних державах. Метою роботи є визначення ролі соціальної держави в формуванні суспільства щасливих людей та шляхів реалізації нею «політики щастя». Наукова новизна дослідження у визначенні можливості здійснювати політику щастя в умовах конкурентного суспільства. У дослідженні показано зростання інтересу до проблеми щастя як науковців, так і політиків. Відмічається міждисциплінарний підхід до вивчення проблеми щастя. Зазначено, що уявлення про шляхи формування соціально справедливого суспільства змінюються. Приділяється увага дискусії щодо максималізації щастя як мети уряду. Визначається суть соціальної держави, яка найбільш послідовно реалізує завдання створення гідних людини умов існування. Доведено значення свободи в забезпеченні щастя людини та необхідність надання державою соціального захисту від негативного впливу на суспільство економічної свободи, ринку. Рівень захисту громадян від ринку (рівень декоммодифікації) розглядається як один з критеріїв різних моделей соціальної держави. Аналізуються та оцінюються різні стратегії найкращого задоволення потреб суспільства та їх практичне застосування в різних країнах: традиційно ліва (підтримує державну гарантію задоволення людських потреб); традиційно права (задоволення потреб залежить від ринку); стратегії, що поєднують ознаки цих двох стратегій («гібридні»). Відмінність між країнами, які використовують «гібридні» стратегії, в тому чого більше – «ринку» чи «регулювання ринку задля задоволення потреб населення». Як приклад розглядається використання «гібридних» стратегій в Соціалістичній Федеративній Республіці Югославія, де існувала «економіка ринкового соціалізму». Визначається сумісність лібертаріанських ідей з проголошеною в Україні політикою щастя. Зроблено висновок, що реалізація прагнень сформувати суспільство щасливих людей в Україні залежить від побудови соціальної держави.

Problem setting. Latin America and the Caribbean traditionally referred to as a large and ambiguous region in an out-side territorial scientific environment. A whole stratum of problems of identities, peculiarities of self-awareness, civilization affiliations of messianic 'appointments ' in the history of the region and the world, the development of ways of cultural and historical development corresponding to them, the affirmation of the tendencies of state formation is in a scientific researcher focus. Among the many aspects that conceptualize the demandfor research in the region and its implementation, we would like to highlight the following: 1) Latin America and the Caribbean are, to some extent, «a territory of historically significant validation of modern trends» in their speculative lengthening, the field ofdeveloping new ones political and economic novations, including regarding various projections of the correlation of socio-political practices, institutional design and legal technologies, derived from the understanding of nature and the purpose of law. 2) The region 'provides ' a wide range of heterogeneous materials for analytical work, both concatenate-linear in nature, and combining poly-meaningful multidimensionality, multifaceted coexistence of values generated by contemporary media, the glare of meanings, signs, intentions of conscious transformations, random «breakthroughs» of network travel followers. In the discovery literature thatfollows only the analysis of statistical indicators, it is often noted that Latin America and the Caribbean is a region of polarization (the territory of the intersection of different values, gaps traditions, lifestyles, indicators of the difference between the needful and the wealth, the level of concentration of income, manifestations of crime, corruption, etc.). 3) Considering the full amount of opportunities and perspectives available, Latin America in general, in some associative formulation, is clearly «boxing at levels below its weight and its impact on international canvases», that is, there are some reasons for internal and external character that significantly reduce the region's role in the world, affecting accents of processes of political, legal and economic worsen the work «for the common good», underestimate «the bar of tasks and results» do not meet the expectations of the significance of the region.Recent research and publications analysis. The paper uses an interdisciplinary approach involving the research of representatives of various sciences. Concerning the approach to certain aspects of the constitutional process in the countries of Latin America and the Carribien was used the researches of Ukrainian authors Yu. M. Todyka, V. P. Kolisnyk, Yu. G. Barabash, M. P. Orzikh, T. M. Slinko, A. G. Kushnirenko, pertaining to in relation to consideration ofpeculiarities ofdevelopment andfunctioning of the model of the presidential state was launched analytical andfunctionality materials I. V. Protsiuk.On the conceptualization within the political science tradition in connection with the problems of the political regimes, their development in the conditions of conflict of the present, in the face of threats and challenges of a multifaceted nature are included the materials of methodological and theoretical importance M. P. Trebin, I. O. Polishchuk, D. Denisenko, G. M. Kutz, O. A. Fisun, M. A. Polovyi and, in the context of regional- geopolitical dimensions, V. Yu. Karasev. Among the foreign authors on the subject area of the study, we note the conceptual vision of the combination ofeconomic cycles and political and legal processes of the present Daniela Campello, the development of the author of the theory of «path dependence effect» by J. Mahoney and researchers of modifications of the development of neo-patrimonialism in Latin America and Karsten Bachle. Focused on the trends and innovations of the constitutional process in the countries of the region are the scientific orientations of Rogelio Nu'nez and P. I. Kostogryzov. A broad analytical and research base on the transformation of political regimes in Latina America and the Caribbean and the peculiarities ofpolitical processes in individual countries are provided by the works of B. Geddes, G. O'Donnell, L. Diamond, D. Ziblatta, S. Levitsky, Z. V. Ivanovsky, T. A. Vorotnikova, P. P. Yakovlev, D. V. Morozov, and others.Paper objective. The purpose of this work is to find out the broad contexts of the relationship between economic and political and legal processes in Latin America and the Carribien countries with attention to the peculiarities of the rule of law formation. The tasks are to analyze a set of approaches to finding the causes of the difficulties of socio-political and institutional-legal development in the region with the involvement of interdisciplinary scientific experience and to identify some essential features of meaning- forming and socio-constructing phenomena in the contextual contours.Paper main body. One of the options for designating the specificity of the current state of affairs is framed in the concept of the so-called «curse of volatility» - the dependence of local, mainly commodity and export-oriented with low internal economy savings from cycles, fluctuations of the world economy. This dependence is a definite structural factor and has been forming for a long time. Also, macroeconomic indicators within the framework of a certain political economy methodology in the projection for the sum ofpolitical and legal events allow us to see the spread of ideology, whether left or right, the rise of populism, the tendency for further democratization of the way of life or vice versa from democracy, the relative calm of the political process or the turbulence ofpolitical events are, after all, tied to basic economic indicators, and often more or less relevant to us and corresponding to figures about the level of safety of life. The trajectory of development was laid down by some decisions at a time of critical juncture when privatization created the basis of the local economy as a structural part of the world capitalist system with its dynamics of development that facilitated the formatting and reproduction of the reactive sequences caused by different types of liberal reforms.Conclusions of the research. The particular attention in Latin America and the Caribbean countries on the expectations and responsibilities of building the future is focused on the development of Constitutional law as a leading sphere in the system of national law. Hence the numerous constitutional changes in the countries of the region, the constitutional reforms of different grades, which are intensively continued today. The lifestyle liberalization, resolving key property issues, attempts at democratization in Latin America and the Carribien countries took place in different ways, but after the foundations ofpublic law that were borrowed in outline in the USA. Between enshrined key provisions in the Constitutions and the coexistence of essentially diverse mass consciousnesses and aspirations on different 'floors' of the society, has raised multi-dimensional discord, that is emerging from the institutionalization of the liberal-democratic model of the state, generated in the context of understanding freedom as a key concept. Therefore the aspect ofan all-public agreement on coexistence rules does not appear to be fully realized, which gives rise to a search for a constitutional character. The focus remains on the relationship between multiple interests and ideas about the common good, by means of the formation of the general will in the structure and practice of constitutional-democratic regimes. It is inextricably linked to the transformation of the concepts of representation and citizenship. Democratic legitimation is correlated with ideas about the rule of the masses, the will of the majority in the living creation of the norms of life, and with the accompanying active and continuous participation in the political process of large groups, sectors of the population. The constitutional creativity of the countries of the region shows the element of an assertion of messianism, the designation of the special role of the country, its leader, ideology, the Constitution in the processes of historical implementation at the level of regional or the world. This moment of national pride for the country and its contribution to the cultural and civilizational space of history is realized in experimental projects of various expressions. ; В статье предпринята попытка выяснения природы связи циклов экономического развития и особенностей развития политико-правовых процессов в странах Латинской Америки и Карибского бассейна. Подчеркнута важность последствий процессов либеральных реформ в сложившейся традиции сочетания качества социальной жизни и конституционного творчества. Отмечено - общая векторность, динамика, связаны с диссонансами относительно местных акцентов понимания демократии в контексте доминирования представлений о равенстве и справедливости с той содержательной центрированностью понятия свободы, что вслед за либерально-конституционным пониманием демократии была отражена в формально-правовых конструкциях конституционного значения, еще изначально в основе своей заимствованных в США. Пространство стыков взаимодействия интересов значимых для региона элит и надежд большинства местных жителей актуализируют попытки переформатировать положения Конституции в поисках основания для современной модели общественного договора, дополненные поиском форм реализации мессианских назначений в истории. ; Анотація. В статті здійснена спроба з'ясування природи зв'язку циклів економічного розвитку та особливостей розвитку політико-правових процесів в країнах Латинської Америки та Карибського Басейну. Підкреслено значущість наслідків процесів ліберальних реформ в сформованій традиції сполучення якості соціального життя й конституційної творчості. Наголошено - загальна векторність, динамі­ка змін, пов'язані з дисонансами відносно місцевих акцентів розуміння демократії (як демократії участі) в контексті домінування уявлень про рівність і справедливість з тією змістовною центрованістю поняття свободи, що слідом за ліберально- конституційним розумінням демократії було відтворено в формально-правових конструкціях конституційного значення, що в своїй основі ще початково були запозиченими в США. Простір стиків сполучення інтересів значимих для регіону еліт і сподівань більшості місцевих жителів актуалізують намагання переформатувати положення Конституції в пошуках підвалин для сучасної моделі суспільного договору, що є доповненими пошуком форм реалізації месіанських призначень в історії.

Problem setting. Latin America and the Caribbean traditionally referred to as a large and ambiguous region in an out-side territorial scientific environment. A whole stratum of problems of identities, peculiarities of self-awareness, civilization affiliations of messianic 'appointments ' in the history of the region and the world, the development of ways of cultural and historical development corresponding to them, the affirmation of the tendencies of state formation is in a scientific researcher focus. Among the many aspects that conceptualize the demandfor research in the region and its implementation, we would like to highlight the following: 1) Latin America and the Caribbean are, to some extent, «a territory of historically significant validation of modern trends» in their speculative lengthening, the field ofdeveloping new ones political and economic novations, including regarding various projections of the correlation of socio-political practices, institutional design and legal technologies, derived from the understanding of nature and the purpose of law. 2) The region 'provides ' a wide range of heterogeneous materials for analytical work, both concatenate-linear in nature, and combining poly-meaningful multidimensionality, multifaceted coexistence of values generated by contemporary media, the glare of meanings, signs, intentions of conscious transformations, random «breakthroughs» of network travel followers. In the discovery literature thatfollows only the analysis of statistical indicators, it is often noted that Latin America and the Caribbean is a region of polarization (the territory of the intersection of different values, gaps traditions, lifestyles, indicators of the difference between the needful and the wealth, the level of concentration of income, manifestations of crime, corruption, etc.). 3) Considering the full amount of opportunities and perspectives available, Latin America in general, in some associative formulation, is clearly «boxing at levels below its weight and its impact on international canvases», that is, there are some reasons for internal and external character that significantly reduce the region's role in the world, affecting accents of processes of political, legal and economic worsen the work «for the common good», underestimate «the bar of tasks and results» do not meet the expectations of the significance of the region.Recent research and publications analysis. The paper uses an interdisciplinary approach involving the research of representatives of various sciences. Concerning the approach to certain aspects of the constitutional process in the countries of Latin America and the Carribien was used the researches of Ukrainian authors Yu. M. Todyka, V. P. Kolisnyk, Yu. G. Barabash, M. P. Orzikh, T. M. Slinko, A. G. Kushnirenko, pertaining to in relation to consideration ofpeculiarities ofdevelopment andfunctioning of the model of the presidential state was launched analytical andfunctionality materials I. V. Protsiuk.On the conceptualization within the political science tradition in connection with the problems of the political regimes, their development in the conditions of conflict of the present, in the face of threats and challenges of a multifaceted nature are included the materials of methodological and theoretical importance M. P. Trebin, I. O. Polishchuk, D. Denisenko, G. M. Kutz, O. A. Fisun, M. A. Polovyi and, in the context of regional- geopolitical dimensions, V. Yu. Karasev. Among the foreign authors on the subject area of the study, we note the conceptual vision of the combination ofeconomic cycles and political and legal processes of the present Daniela Campello, the development of the author of the theory of «path dependence effect» by J. Mahoney and researchers of modifications of the development of neo-patrimonialism in Latin America and Karsten Bachle. Focused on the trends and innovations of the constitutional process in the countries of the region are the scientific orientations of Rogelio Nu'nez and P. I. Kostogryzov. A broad analytical and research base on the transformation of political regimes in Latina America and the Caribbean and the peculiarities ofpolitical processes in individual countries are provided by the works of B. Geddes, G. O'Donnell, L. Diamond, D. Ziblatta, S. Levitsky, Z. V. Ivanovsky, T. A. Vorotnikova, P. P. Yakovlev, D. V. Morozov, and others.Paper objective. The purpose of this work is to find out the broad contexts of the relationship between economic and political and legal processes in Latin America and the Carribien countries with attention to the peculiarities of the rule of law formation. The tasks are to analyze a set of approaches to finding the causes of the difficulties of socio-political and institutional-legal development in the region with the involvement of interdisciplinary scientific experience and to identify some essential features of meaning- forming and socio-constructing phenomena in the contextual contours.Paper main body. One of the options for designating the specificity of the current state of affairs is framed in the concept of the so-called «curse of volatility» - the dependence of local, mainly commodity and export-oriented with low internal economy savings from cycles, fluctuations of the world economy. This dependence is a definite structural factor and has been forming for a long time. Also, macroeconomic indicators within the framework of a certain political economy methodology in the projection for the sum ofpolitical and legal events allow us to see the spread of ideology, whether left or right, the rise of populism, the tendency for further democratization of the way of life or vice versa from democracy, the relative calm of the political process or the turbulence ofpolitical events are, after all, tied to basic economic indicators, and often more or less relevant to us and corresponding to figures about the level of safety of life. The trajectory of development was laid down by some decisions at a time of critical juncture when privatization created the basis of the local economy as a structural part of the world capitalist system with its dynamics of development that facilitated the formatting and reproduction of the reactive sequences caused by different types of liberal reforms.Conclusions of the research. The particular attention in Latin America and the Caribbean countries on the expectations and responsibilities of building the future is focused on the development of Constitutional law as a leading sphere in the system of national law. Hence the numerous constitutional changes in the countries of the region, the constitutional reforms of different grades, which are intensively continued today. The lifestyle liberalization, resolving key property issues, attempts at democratization in Latin America and the Carribien countries took place in different ways, but after the foundations ofpublic law that were borrowed in outline in the USA. Between enshrined key provisions in the Constitutions and the coexistence of essentially diverse mass consciousnesses and aspirations on different 'floors' of the society, has raised multi-dimensional discord, that is emerging from the institutionalization of the liberal-democratic model of the state, generated in the context of understanding freedom as a key concept. Therefore the aspect ofan all-public agreement on coexistence rules does not appear to be fully realized, which gives rise to a search for a constitutional character. The focus remains on the relationship between multiple interests and ideas about the common good, by means of the formation of the general will in the structure and practice of constitutional-democratic regimes. It is inextricably linked to the transformation of the concepts of representation and citizenship. Democratic legitimation is correlated with ideas about the rule of the masses, the will of the majority in the living creation of the norms of life, and with the accompanying active and continuous participation in the political process of large groups, sectors of the population. The constitutional creativity of the countries of the region shows the element of an assertion of messianism, the designation of the special role of the country, its leader, ideology, the Constitution in the processes of historical implementation at the level of regional or the world. This moment of national pride for the country and its contribution to the cultural and civilizational space of history is realized in experimental projects of various expressions. ; В статье предпринята попытка выяснения природы связи циклов экономического развития и особенностей развития политико-правовых процессов в странах Латинской Америки и Карибского бассейна. Подчеркнута важность последствий процессов либеральных реформ в сложившейся традиции сочетания качества социальной жизни и конституционного творчества. Отмечено - общая векторность, динамика, связаны с диссонансами относительно местных акцентов понимания демократии в контексте доминирования представлений о равенстве и справедливости с той содержательной центрированностью понятия свободы, что вслед за либерально-конституционным пониманием демократии была отражена в формально-правовых конструкциях конституционного значения, еще изначально в основе своей заимствованных в США. Пространство стыков взаимодействия интересов значимых для региона элит и надежд большинства местных жителей актуализируют попытки переформатировать положения Конституции в поисках основания для современной модели общественного договора, дополненные поиском форм реализации мессианских назначений в истории. ; Анотація. В статті здійснена спроба з'ясування природи зв'язку циклів економічного розвитку та особливостей розвитку політико-правових процесів в країнах Латинської Америки та Карибського Басейну. Підкреслено значущість наслідків процесів ліберальних реформ в сформованій традиції сполучення якості соціального життя й конституційної творчості. Наголошено - загальна векторність, динамі­ка змін, пов'язані з дисонансами відносно місцевих акцентів розуміння демократії (як демократії участі) в контексті домінування уявлень про рівність і справедливість з тією змістовною центрованістю поняття свободи, що слідом за ліберально- конституційним розумінням демократії було відтворено в формально-правових конструкціях конституційного значення, що в своїй основі ще початково були запозиченими в США. Простір стиків сполучення інтересів значимих для регіону еліт і сподівань більшості місцевих жителів актуалізують намагання переформатувати положення Конституції в пошуках підвалин для сучасної моделі суспільного договору, що є доповненими пошуком форм реалізації месіанських призначень в історії.

The article deals with the history of the jazz dance, main representatives and pioneers of the art movement, their creative heritage and achievements. Nowadays we may observe the growing interest to the jazz dance, in this connection we are in need of more sources, historical documents, new system of research, investigation of all the information about prominent jazz dancers. Besides, we need new methods in theoretical and practical research; we deal with new aspects in evolution of choreographic art. Jazz, as the art event, is the result of the art evolution, African tribal drum playing skills, rhythm and movements of African Americans (their musical outlets: church hymns, brass bands, spirituals and blues). Peculiarity of jazz dance is characterized by absolutely free movements of a dancer and the parts of his or her body horizontally and vertically in a scene space. Exactly jazz dance embodies all the emotions of a dancer; this is the dance of the emotions, but not forms or ideas, as it happens in choreography of another trends, for example jazz-modern. To follow from the G. Gunter's investigation of jazz dance, the last was quite substantially influenced by traditional cultures of Afro-Brazilian, Afro-Antillean, Afro-Cuban, Jamaica, Haitian, «black south» of the USA.It was mentioned in American ballet encyclopedia that negros (men, women even children) coordinated their moves so skillfully clicking their heels on the floor. Among the real experts of jazz dance was Luigi (nickname), whose was known as the pioneer, doctor of body, ambassador of dance, but mostly – innovator. Historians detected his style as classical jazz complicated, skillful even «fluid fire».The system of exercises he made for himself after road crash became the first in the world which was called completed technique for jazz dance studding. He was so talented person, he could work in different spheres of show-business – from Hollywood musicals up to Broadway shows; he became a new face of musical comedy. He established his personal school «The First World Jazz Centre». Being a good teacher he always knew how to prevent himself form different traumas, and always said to his students «use every possibility to feel everything you do». His teachers were Eddy Jane, Ralf Falkner, Carmelita Maracci, Sam Mints and Micho Ito, Adolf Bolm, Edward Katon, Sally Wellen, Luise de Prone. Choreographers Gin Kelly, Robert Alton were his mentors during his 8- years and 40 movies period.Another very dynamic but different dance makers – Katherine Dunham and Perl Prymus impressed American scenes by expression. These two women were ready to follow the traditions, underline the achievements, complication and force of jazz dance. Prymus made the diapason of emotions of afro-American dancers, showing American audience force, passion, emotions of African culture. Methods of Dunham's dance was unique, she created a very special system of movements and technique to study the style. It was an eclectic confluence of movements, which were investigated in Jamaica and Haiti with ballet and dance modern, integrated in a system of isolation of parts of a body and syncope, which gives to a body a wide specter of movements. Dunham bursted into American culture in the period of social, cultural, political awakening of growing and development. She established a school in 1945 for studding anthropology, sociology, philosophy, and languages in the same portions as step, ballet, folk, percussive, kinetic physical training for the actors.Alvin Ailey American Dance theatre happened as repertory of seven dancers, who dedicated their creativity to a modern dance classic and modern Alvin Ailey's interpretations. Complimentary honorable mentions about their first concerts companies in 1958-1960 th showed the beginning of a new era in dancing, dedicated to Afro-American theme.Alvin Ailey's heritage gives a possibility for free choice between ballet, jazz dance and social dance for a maximum expression of a human internal world by means of movements. He was awarded a lot of prizes, invited to show master-classes in South and North America, England, France, Hungary, Italy, Japan.Through the analysis of jazz dancers' dues into modern choreographic art dancer, choreograph, ballet master get possibility to study their methodological base in details, to understand new approaches in the dance sphere, and to trace art conceptions in choreography to develop our national choreography in general.Keywords: choreography, modern art, jazz dance, dance makers, emotions, syncope, African culture, Afro-American theme, eclectic confluence of movements. ; Йдеться про внесок митців джазового танцю в сучасне хореографічне мистецтво, завдяки якому танцівник, хореограф чи балетмейстер отримує можливість детально вивчати їхню методологічну базу, розуміти нові підходи в галузі танцю та відслідковувати творчі концепції в хореографії, що значно сприяє якісному розвитку вітчизняної сучасної хореографії загалом.Розглянуто творчий внесок Луіджі, якого теоретики танцю вважають послом, піонером джазу, лікарем тіла через його інноваційну методику вправ та комбінацій на розтягнення м'язів аби "відчувати тіло зсередини", а також внесок інших експресивних хореографів афро-американської культури Кетрін Данхем та Перл Примус, їхні унікальні методики опанування та зацікавлення джазовим танцем у період соціального, культурного та політичного становлення Америки.Проаналізовано вплив творчих доробків Елвіна Ейлі, його спадщини, важливість існування якої полягає у можливості вибору між балетом, джазовим танцем, соціальним танцем для максимального вираження внутрішнього світу людини через рух.Ключові слова: джазовий танець, хореографія, сучасне мистецтво, творці танцю, емоції, африканська культура, афро–американська тема, еклектичний потік рухів.

Тихомирова Євгенія Борисівна - доктор політичних наук, професор, завідувач кафедри міжнародної інформації Волинського національного університету імені Лесі Українки ; У статті розглядається політологічний дискурс української американістики. Автор здійснює аналіз наукових визначень американістики, аналізує еволюцію української американістики, виявляє основні напрямки політологічних досліджень українських американістів та робить висновок, що входження України в глобалізаційний простір потребує не лише теоретичної рефлексії, але й підвищення впливу політологічного дискурсу на когнітивну сферу громадськості та його входження в свідомість української громадськості. The article considers the discourse of political science Ukrainian American Studies. The author analyzes the definitions of American Studies, analyzes the evolution of Ukrainian American studies, identifies the main directions of Ukrainian Political Studies, American Studies, and concludes that Ukraine's entry into the space of globalization requires not only theoretical reflection, but also increase the influence of political science discourse on cognition and his public entry into the consciousness of Ukrainian public

Problem setting. Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) on the peculiarities of the development of state-building processes, transformations of political regimes in its individual countries, manifestations of tendencies to combine heterogeneous factors of endogenous and exogenous nature in the dynamics of change and interaction of institutional, social or economic factors and geopolitical changes. interests, continues to be the focus of scientific attention of specialists in various fields of knowledge. LAC – a region in which, perhaps, the most amplitude in terms of content parameters, quantitative indicators. «markers» appear in relation to their perspective significance and the degree of further actualization of the manifestation of «fluid modernity» (Z. Bauman), at its various levels and in the contexts of conceptual shifts of political and legal significance. Against the background of the general theoretical basis of institutionalism in its versions of neoinstitutionalism, historical institutionalism, or other methodological approaches with their special attention to the importance of constitutional formatting of the sum of social relations, innovation and experiments in the region on constitutional creativity show a wide range of research. In connection with the divergent development of constitutional law in the LAC countries in recent decades, according to the director of the Institute of Comparative Constitutional Law. Max Planck, Armin von Bogdandi; "… Latin America is a region where the question of the future of constitutionalism is being discussed». There are also manifestations of a special historical subtext in the region: its countries have long been involved in various geopolitical confrontations, including those with a pronounced ideological coloration, and traditionalist collectivist values are sometimes paradoxically combined with liberal-democratic individualism. Unfortunately, the region is a clear example not only of significant changes in improving the quality of socio-political life, the ...

The article discusses the trajectories of political regimes in the context of the general transformation processes in the United Mexican States and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. The necessary regulatory legal base and statistical data are used to clarify individual development parameters, investigate various factors influencing the formation and formatting of political processes, their interaction, identify key factors of institutionalization of phenomena in the political sphere and the nature of their further development, identify systemic conflict points and nodes. Character. The project of globalization, which, as a general denominator of interaction and cooperation, includes the values and rules of the neoliberal style with all the relevant institutional assets (international law, its implementation in national legislation, the bodies of international coordination of efforts in various spheres, democratic political regimes, etc.), apparently today met with the complexities of development. The path of neoliberal reforms for various states of the present, finding the best algorithm of development does not look axiomatic any more. The world of political events shows that the parameters that set the modularity and impulsive force in relation to the length and depth of transformations can have different nature - these are factors of the material nature, the orientation on the preservation or confirmation of certain values, «trends of situational» (due to a set of circumstances follow the path available variability), an attempt to find a special path and leave a mark on the history of the country or the world, or even the motivation of an irrational nature (given the increasing emotionalization of communication Due to the spread of new technologies impact on mass consciousness). On the surface, a combination of factors and the question arises – which of them is decisive at the time of making strategic decisions at the national or international level. However, democracy itself is not a goal if it is ...

The article examines the features of historical development of Venezuela since the proclamation of the country's independence at the beginning of the 19th century up to the modern period of governing by the Venezuelan presidents Hugo Chavez and Nicolas Maduro. The article pays a special attention to an important event in the history of Venezuela - the 1914 discovery of a giant oil field in the region of Maracaibo Lake, Venezuela's implementation and further development of the so-called oil-containing model and the impact of the oil and gas production and processing of carbon resources on the socio-political situation in the country and well-being of the Venezuelan people. The period of the reign of Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez (1998-2013) has been studied in more detail. The general thesis of the doctrine of the "Bolivarian revolution" have been considered and certain provisions end attainments of the program to construct the "Bolivarian socialism", have been detected certain achievements and problems of implementing the participatory democracy in Venezuela. Certain foreign policy initiatives of the president and specific steps aimed at achieving the leading role in the region of Latin America and the Caribbean have been analyzed. The article highlights anti-Americanism as a peculiar trend of Hugo Chavez's foreign policy and the sentiments of Venezuelan society, the peculiarities of Venezuela-Ukraine bilateral relations development have been emphasized. It has been concluded that it is advisable to further study the experience of creating the state and carrying out reforms in Venezuela for its possible further use in the development of our state, as well as using certain Venezuelan approaches regarding its leadership in the region of Latin America and the Caribbean in order to enhance and strengthen the role of Ukraine in the European regional cooperation. ; У статті розглянуто особливості історичного розвитку Венесуели від часу проголошення незалежності на початку ХІХст. до періоду правління президентів УгоЧавеса та НіколасаМадуро. Окрему увагу приділено важливій в історії Венесуели події – відкриттю в 1914р. гігантського родовища нафти в районі озера Маракайбо, запровадженню та подальшому розвитку так званої нафтоетатичної моделі, впливу нафтогазового видобутку і переробки вуглеводних ресурсів на суспільно-політичне становище країни. Досліджено період правління президента Венесуели У.Чавеса (1998-2013рр.), розглянуто загальні тези доктрини «боліваріанської революції» та програми побудови «боліваріанського соціалізму», визначено надбання та проблеми реалізації у Венесуелі партисипаторної демократії, проаналізовано окремі зовнішньополітичні ініціативи президента та кроки, спрямовані на лідерство в регіоні Латинської Америки та Карибського басейну. У статті проаналізовано антиамериканізм, як характерний напрям зовнішньої політики У.Чавеса та настроїв венесуельського суспільства, досліджено особливості розвитку венесуело-українських двосторонніх відносин. Зроблено узагальнення досвіду державотворення та проведення реформ у Венесуелі та використання окремих підходів щодо лідерства в регіоні Латинської Америки та Карибського басейну для активізації та посилення ролі України в європейському регіональному співробітництві.

The subject of research are the position and the role of Venezuela in regional geopolitical relations. The aim is to analyze the regional activities H. Chavez and N. Maduro at this stage, and make characteristics of relations with the leading states of Venezuela CELAC (The Community of Latin American and Caribbean States). The methodological basis is the principle of historicism, the principle of systematic, the chronological method; it allows analyzing the prob-lem in its time sequence. The descriptive analysis used for the purpose of the general overview of relations in this re-gion. The comparative analysis characterizes the activity of the country on the international scene during the period of presidency Hugo Chavez and Nicolas Maduro. The scientific novelty was carried out a comprehensive study of using of potential energy for the realization of geopolitical and ideological goals of Venezuela; was studied the international position of Venezuela in 2015–2016 years in the times of internal crisis and instability in the country. The obtained results of the work can be used to teaching courses of «Geopolitics», «Theory of International Relations», «Political systems and regimes in today's world», «Modern Problems of War and Peace» and others. The author concluded that: Venezuela is going to participate in international and regional affairs, not considered out-of-play. As a member of OPEC (The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries), Venezuela is defending its position and has influence on oil formation of prices, it participates in decision-making regarding policies of oil on the world oil market. Venezue-lan leadership efforts focused on further strengthening the «Bolivarian Alliance for the peoples of our America» (AL-BA), it intends to form in LACC (Latin American and Caribbean States) a new model of political and economic integra-tion. Among regional initiatives, increased attention was paid to the Union of South American States (UNASUR), mem-bership in MERCOSUR. ; Рассматривается внешнеполитический курс Венесуэлы, который наиболее полно проявляется в латино-американском регионе, и выводит страну на новый, более функциональный уровень межгосударственных от-ношений, закрепляя за собой лидирующие позиции, с использованием энергетического фактора.Сегодня Венесуэла «захлебывается» в экономическом кризисе, в связи с мировым падением цен на нефть. Ситуация очень нестабильная и напряженная, как в стране, так и в регионе. Поэтому основной целью высту-пает определение места и роли Венесуэлы в системе региональных геополитических отношений, состояние и перспективы развития.В целом проанализированы и освещены участие и достижения Венесуэлы в региональных интеграционных объединениях таких, как: Содружество государств Латинской Америки и Карибского бассейна (СЕЛАК), Союз южноамериканских наций (УНАСУР), Боливарианский альянс для народов нашей Америки (АЛБА), Пет-рокарибе и многие другие. С помощью которых Венесуэла имеет возможность удерживать свои лидирующие позиции в странах ЛАКБ и использовать нефть как инструмент влияния, несмотря на временные трудности. ; У статті розглядається зовнішньополітичний курсу Венесуели, який найповніше проявляється в латиноамериканському регіоні, і виводить країну на новий, більш функ-ціональний рівень міждержавних відносин, закріплюючи за нею лідируючи позиції, з вико-ристанням енергетичного фактору.Сьогодні Венесуела «захлинається» у економічній кризі, у зв'язку зі світовим падін-ням цін на нафту. Ситуація є дуже нестабільною та напруженою, як в країні, так і в ре-гіоні. Тому основною метою виступає визначення місця і ролі Венесуели в системі регі-ональних геополітичних відносин, стан і перспективи розвитку.У цілому проаналізовано та висвітлено участь і здобутки Венесуели у регіональних інтеграційних об'єднаннях таких, як: Співдружність держав Латинської Америки та Ка-рибського басейну (СЕЛАК), Союз Південноамериканських Націй (УНАСУР), Боліваріан-ський альянс для народів нашої Америки (АЛБА), Петрокарібе та багато інших. За до-помогою яких Венесуела має змогу утримувати свої лідируючі позиції в країнах Латин-ської Америки та Карибського басейну і використовувати нафту як інструмент впли-ву, незважаючи на тимчасові труднощі.

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant changes in labor markets around the world. Extraordinary political efforts have been made to overcome the effects of the corona crisis. Governments, together with trade unions, have taken immediate action to address the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, including the protection of jobs, including financial support for businesses and households experiencing sharp declines in income.Purpose. Justify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the international labor market.Methods. The following methods were used in the research process: decomposition – to form the purpose of the research and set tasks; theoretical and methodological – to reveal the theoretical aspects of the international labor market; economic analysis – to study the regional and sectoral aspects of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the international labor market; synthesis, comparison, analogy – to study the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for regional labor markets; logical generalization – to identify problems in the functioning of the international labor market caused by the COVID-19 pandemic; graphical method – to visualize the results of the study.Results. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the participation of the population in the labor force, reducing employment in all regions of the world with different income levels, both men and women, as well as increasing unemployment. Empirical analysis has shown that the greatest decline in employment among both men and women is observed in countries with incomes below and above average. In 2020, compared to 2019, the total working time in the world decreased by about 8.8 %, which is equivalent to the full-time work of 255 million employees. The loss of working time was particularly severe in Latin America and the Caribbean (16.2 %), Southern Europe and South Asia, and the total loss of working time in North and South America was 13.7 %. Overall, the COVID-19 crisis affected global working hours by about ...

In a constantly growing population, the global problem of food security is extremely relevant and needs to be effectively regulated in the framework of international political and economic cooperation. FAO is a world leader in addressing the global food crisis, working to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and addressing specific challenges. before the countries. At the same time, regional regulatory measures are becoming increasingly important, because their development implements real problems of satisfaction in a particular geographical region in terms of conditional production and consumption of food. The population of the planet has been growing steadily for the last five centuries, reaching 427 million by 1500 and 1 billion in 1820: 2 billion in 1927. The modern population explosion began in the 1950's and 1960's. In 1959, the world's population was 3 billion; in 1974 – 4 billion; in 1987 – 5 billion people, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) by 2050 the number will increase to 9.7 billion people, the issue of food security in the world is acute, which will create a food shortage of 1 billion tons of grain and 200 million tons of livestock products. According to the FAO, food security forecasts in the world are disappointing for almost 690 million people. in the world (8.9%) are starving. It is expected that in 2030 their number will increase to 841 million people, which is almost 20% more than in 2019. More than 2 billion people in the world live in medium and complete food danger., 1.03 billion live in Asia, 675 million in Africa, 205 million in Latin America and the Caribbean, 88 million in North America and Europe and 5.9 million in Oceania. The problem of food security, especially acute, arises in developing countries, because the lack of production technologies and manual labor have low production efficiency and do not contribute to enrichment and cause low purchasing power.

основні характеристики та проблеми. Здійснено класифікацію факторів, що впливають на розвиток багатосторонньої взаємодії у Латинській Америці. З'ясовано ступінь впливу США у регіоні на сучасному етапі. Подано характеристику оборонного, клубного мультилатералізму та мультилатералізму pro tempore. Здійснено огляд залученості громадськості та неурядових організацій у діяльність багатосторонніх інституцій, що діють у регіоні.Ключові слова: мультилатералізм; регіоналізм; зовнішня політика країн Латинської Америки; регіон Латинської Америки і Карибського басейну; США; регіональна інтеграція; багатостороння взаємодія; мультилатеральні інституції.This article provides an overview of current Latin American multilateralism and its main characteristics and problems. The classification of factors influencing the development of multilateral cooperation in Latin America is given: (1) complex relationship between the United States and the countries of the region, especially after the end of the Cold War and the attacks of 9/1 which ensures that the countries of Latin America appear to carry out a more independent foreign policy; (2) effects of globalization and the need of Latin America to become an important factor in the international economic system which contributes to the ability of certain actors in the region to diversify its international relations; (3) reconfiguration of political and geopolitical map of Latin America through the election of democratic governments in most countries, the emergence of regional leadership, and various new approaches to the vision of regional integration, which should be opposed to heterogeneity and fragmentation in the region; (4) growing role of social movements that influence the regional order. New challenges and threats to regional security and public order in connection with transnational crime and drug trafficking limit the traditional principle of national sovereignty;(5) interaction between countries in the region lies in the need to deal with specific challenges in specific areas: finance; energy; development of regional infrastructure to promote interdependence and improving communication; policies in health, poverty eradication and environmental protection, which often go beyond the national level and become transnational. The extent of US influence in the region is described and is shown as reducing. The characteristics of defensive, club and pro tempore multilateralism show the essence of Latin American multilateralism and are described in the article. Also is given an overview of the involvement of the public and non-governmental organizations in the activities of multilateral institutions in the region.Key words: multilateralism; regionalism; foreign policy of Latin America; the region of Latin America and the Caribbean; the US; regional integration; multilateral cooperation; multilateral institutions.