Suchergebnisse

This study explores the relationship between agglomeration economies and industrial productivity between 1980 and 2010 in Ecuador. The measure of productivity used is labour productivity. We conclude that urbanization economies have a positive impact on productivity in the period analyzed.

"Seit dem Aufkommen der Neuen Ökonomischen Geographie hat auch das Interesse an den Fragen der Agglomeration wieder zugenommen. Die vorliegende Arbeit erweitert die bestehenden Erkenntnisse über die Auswirkungen von Agglomerationsvorteilen auf das Beschäftigungswachstum, indem sie zwei unterschiedliche Zweige der empirischen Literatur vereint. Zunächst werden ein Lokalisationsmaß und ein Clusterindex berechnet, um die Verbreitung von geographischer Konzentration zu messen. Der Kern des Papiers ist eine ökonometrische Analyse. In einem dynamischen Panelmodell werden diese Indizes explizit genutzt, um das zusätzliche dynamische Beschäftigungswachstum in lokalisierten Wirtschaftszweigen zu messen. Für die Schätzungen wird ein Paneldatensatz mit allen sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten in Westdeutschland in 326 Landkreisen und kreisfreien Städten über den Zeitraum 1989 bis 2006 verwendet. Anhand dieser Daten wird analysiert, welche regionalen Gegebenheiten das Beschäftigungswachstum in 191 Wirtschaftszweigen des verarbeitenden Gewerbes und des Dienstleistungssektors begünstigen. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass agglomerierte Branchen/Regions-Zellen ein besonders starkes dynamisches Wachstum aufweisen." (Autorenreferat)

Aerotropolis ist ein neuer Begriff für eine sprawl-artige Konzentration luftverkehrsbezogener Betriebe aller Art, zeitkritischer Verarbeitung
und Logistik, Hotels, Unterhaltungs- und Einzelhandelsangebote und Bürogebäude. Diese liegen außerhalb des traditionellen Stadtgebiets.
Aerotropoli entstehen an oder nahe bestehender oder geplanter Großflughäfen. Die neuen Agglomerationen erstrecken sich bis in 25 Kilometer
Entfernung des Flughafenzentrums (Airport City). Die Arbeit stellt die Frage, inwieweit eine derartige, wirtschaftsfokussierte, neue Form
von Verstädterung heute bereits in Deutschland festgestellt werden kann. Unter Verwendung statistisch-administrativer Daten werden die
Umfeldgemeinden der 19 wichtigsten Flughäfen typisiert. In direkter Nachbarschaft der Terminals werden ATKIS-Daten mit Hilfe eines GIS analysiert, um den Grad und die Qualität baulicher Nutzungen zu erfassen.

This article is about physiographic features of the forest area of the Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS, which is the most important nature protected area within the Vladivostok agglomeration. As result of the field landscape researches, a landscape map was complied (with the allocation of 10 natural regions). A brief description of the allocated natural regions was given.

Die Agglomeration ist eine Verdichtung von Unternehmen, Bevölkerung, Infrastrukturen und Interaktionsmöglichkeiten. Die Agglomeration bietet räumliche Nähe zu anderen Akteuren und schafft häufig positive Verstärkungseffekte. Durch die zunehmend wichtigere Rolle der wissensbasierten Ökonomie kommt dem Wechselspiel von räumlicher und relationaler Nähe eine immer größere Bedeutung zu. Im Ergebnis lassen sich Bedeutung und Funktion von Agglomerationen im Verhältnis zueinander besser verstehen.

Agglomerationsräume gelten seit langem als Zentren des wirtschaftlichen, politischen und kulturellen Lebens. Dies gilt in besonderer Weise für Deutschland, das mit einer Bevölkerungsdichte von 231 Einwohnern je Quadratkilometer zu den am dichtesten besiedelten europäischen Ländern zählt. Aktuell sehen sich Raumordnungspolitik, Raumplanung und raumwissenschaftliche Forschung in den Agglomerationsräumen vor besondere und vielfältige Herausforderungen gestellt. Das Zusammentreffen von Deindustrialisierung, demographischem und sozialem Wandel sowie regionalem Strukturwandel führt in diesem Raumtyp zu starken Umbrüchen, die hinsichtlich ihrer Auswirkungen und der daraus resultierenden Handlungsbedarfe noch zu wenig diskutiert werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund widmete sich das Junge Forum 2005 der Akademie für Raumforschung und Landesplanung auf seiner Tagung vom 1. bis 3. Juni 2005 in Gelsenkirchen der Situation und den Perspektiven der bundesdeutschen Agglomerationsräume. Neben grundlegenden Fragestellungen wurden vier Themenbereiche besonders behandelt: 1. Zwischen High-Tech und Arbeitslosigkeit - welche ökonomischen Perspektiven haben deutsche Agglomerationsräume? 2. Kooperation als Erfolgsfaktor? Regionale und interkommunale Zusammenarbeit in Agglomerationen. 3. Lebensraum und Designerregion: soziale Vielfalt, individuelle Nutzung, strategische Gestaltung. 4. Aktuelle Aspekte der Siedlungsentwicklung in Agglomerationen.

We document that the Bay Area rose from 4% of all successful US patent applications in 1976 to 16% in 2008. This is partly driven by the increase in the prevalence of information and communication technology; however, even for patents unrelated to information and communication technology, we see a disproportionate increase in the share of US patents from the Bay Area. We interpret this growth as a trend to coagglomeration in invention across technologies, and explore different dimensions of this trend.

"China's Greater Bay Area (GBA) - previously referred to as the Pearl River Delta - is one of the world's largest megacity regions, and China's foremost technological, economic, social and cultural node. Patchell integrates agglomeration concepts with the GBA's conditions to explain the region's rise, innovativeness, and resilience. He reveals how the GBA works as differentiated and semi-interdependent systems, providing a window into the GBA and China, while also providing the basis for a comparative approach to megacities and mega regions. Key topics discussed in the book include: - the early development of the GBA, its mix of indigenous and exogenous investments and expertise, and the forces that compelled its upgrading from process manufacturing - the regional strengths in clusters, transportation networks, and the regional innovation system - the role of multi-level governance in balancing national directives, municipal autonomy and regional complementarities - consequences of the GBA's agglomeration for social structure and mobility, communities, sustainable development and resilience for the future. Written in an accessible and rigorous manner, this textbook is ideal for a course on this important region, for comparative courses on agglomeration and largescale urban development, and for people wanting greater understanding of urban processes and China"--

"How do agglomeration effects influence the demand for labour? To answer this question, approaches on labour demand are linked with an analysis of the classic 'urbanization effect'. We use models for static and for dynamic labour demand to find out, whether agglomerations develop faster or slower than other regions. Estimations of the static model show the influence of different degrees of regional concentration at the employment level. The model of dynamic labour demand is used to estimate the effect of different regional types on the growth rate of labour demand. The empirical results (received with the linked employer-employee database of the IAB) on long-run or static labour demand indicate substantial agglomeration effects, since c. p. employment is higher in densely populated areas. In the dynamic model, however, labour demand in core cities grows slower than the average. This is not a contradiction. Labour demand is especially high in large cities, but the other areas are slowly reducing the gap." (author's abstract)

In order to evaluate the factors that influence the spatial behaviour of border agglomeration inhabitants and to relate them to the geopolitical Situation, attention is given here to three divided towns in the Baltic Sea region: Haparanda-Tornio, Narva-Ivangorod and Valga/Valka. The three cases represent different geopolitical and ethnical configurations. Boundary theory is discussed as part of (inter)action theory, with particular emphasis on the homogenizing role of the State in contrast to the (inter)action possibilities of individuals living in a border area. In the Haparanda-Tornio study case, a homogenous population on the Finnish side is compared to a more diversified ethnie grouping in Haparanda, Sweden. Here, immigrants from Finland are seen to have an action space directed towards Finland, while bilingual locals act as bridge-builders. In Narva-Ivangorod, the same Russian ethnic group lives on both sides of the boundary, but geopolitical restrictions hamper local cross-boundary interaction. Valga/Valka, in contrast, is divided according to ethnic criteria. Little motivation for border crossing appears to be given, except for the Russian speaking population, which at the same time has the greatest formal difficulties in crossing.The internal European Union borders, both recent and older, thus allow ethnie and linguistic factors to influence the action and communication space of inhabitants.The EU/non-EU boundary restricts the possibilities of local cross-boundary interaction even in situations where the population belongs to the same ethnie group.

In order to evaluate the factors that influence the spatial behaviour of border agglomeration inhabitants and to relate them to the geopolitical Situation, attention is given here to three divided towns in the Baltic Sea region: Haparanda-Tornio, Narva-Ivangorod and Valga/Valka. The three cases represent different geopolitical and ethnical configurations. Boundary theory is discussed as part of (inter)action theory, with particular emphasis on the homogenizing role of the State in contrast to the (inter)action possibilities of individuals living in a border area. In the Haparanda-Tornio study case, a homogenous population on the Finnish side is compared to a more diversified ethnie grouping in Haparanda, Sweden. Here, immigrants from Finland are seen to have an action space directed towards Finland, while bilingual locals act as bridge-builders. In Narva-Ivangorod, the same Russian ethnic group lives on both sides of the boundary, but geopolitical restrictions hamper local cross-boundary interaction. Valga/Valka, in contrast, is divided according to ethnic criteria. Little motivation for border crossing appears to be given, except for the Russian speaking population, which at the same time has the greatest formal difficulties in crossing.The internal European Union borders, both recent and older, thus allow ethnie and linguistic factors to influence the action and communication space of inhabitants.The EU/non-EU boundary restricts the possibilities of local cross-boundary interaction even in situations where the population belongs to the same ethnie group.

Under the hypothesis that modifications in municipal boundaries and creation (or
suppression) of new administrative units reflect a progressive adjustment toward a more
balanced distribution of population over space, the present study investigates the long-term
relationship (1928-2012) between urban expansion, population dynamics and municipal
area in a growing metropolitan region (Athens, Greece). In expanding regions, municipal
size is a key variable outlining the amount and spatial concentration of services and
infrastructures, resulting to be functionally related to population density, agglomeration
factors, land availability to building and characteristic socioeconomic profiles of local
communities. A statistical analysis of the relationship between population density and
municipal area provides basic knowledge to policy and planning adjustments toward a
more balanced spatial distribution of population and land among the local government
units. Descriptive statistics, mapping, correlation analysis and linear regressions were used
to assess the evolution of such relationship over a sufficiently long time period. The
average municipal area in Athens decreased moderately over time, with a slight increase in
spatial heterogeneity. Conversely, the average population density per municipality
increased more rapidly, with a considerable reduction in spatial heterogeneity. The
observed goodness-of-fit of the linear relationship between population density and
municipal area increased significantly over time. The empirical results of our study indicate
that municipal size has progressively adjusted to population density across metropolitan
areas, determining a more balanced spatial distribution of the resident population, which
was consolidated by the recent administrative reform of the local authorities in Greece (the
so called 'Kallikratis' law). Such conditions represent a base for the informed analysis of
the spatial structure of local administrative units and they contribute to the debate on the
optimal size of municipalities and other administrative districts with relevant impact on both
urban and metropolitan scales of governance.

Urbanization and localization effects are known to boost the regional economy and its growth potential. The emergence of these effects is due to localized knowledge flows, the closeness to markets, but also due to the diversity of services and industries. All these effects have the potential to increase the productivity (and profitability) of firms. Whereas many studies have been conducted at the industry or the regional level, this paper adds to the existing literature by starting at the level of establishments and taking the interaction with the surrounding regions into account. This is possible by exploiting an exceptionally large establishment panel study and the employment statistics for Germany. The empirical analyses are carried out in two steps regressions in order to separate the characteristics of establishments from regional influences.