Suchergebnisse

In 2006 EU institutions adopted amendments of state aid extension scope and directions (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1857/2006 of 15 December 2006 on the application of Articles 87 and 88 of the Treaty to State aid to small and medium-sized enterprises active in the production of agricultural products and amending Regulation (EC) No 70/2001). To avoid market distortion, the state aid for the acquisition of breeding animals has become inadequate. Since in Lithuania this kind of support is more than one third of the total state aid for the breeding sector, directions of the state aid should be changed. To make these changes effective, national situation and EU benchmarking in the sector should be carefully considered. Therefore, at the Lithuanian Institute of Agrarian Economics was carried out research on the situation in the breeding sector and state support tendencines in other EU countries. Many EU countries had supported the purchase of breeding animals before the amendments forbidding it were adopted. At present this kind of support is available only for the acquisition of rare-breed animals. The main state aid directions in the sector are as follows: support for determining the genetic quality and yield of animals; establishment and maintenance of herd books; introduction of innovatory breeding techniques or practices and organisation of competitions; organisation of and participation in exhibitions and fairs. EU countries practice various aid directions and scopes, but most of them have a clear tendency to give a short-term (1–2 years) support. The emphasis is made on creating strong private market players who in future could improve the situation in this sector themselves; the areas of state support are being narrowed and the amounts are being reduced. But this does not make a negative impact on the improvement of breeding results. As EU policy towards the state aid in the breeding sector changes, Lithuania also has to reduce the scope of support.

In 2006 EU institutions adopted amendments of state aid extension scope and directions (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1857/2006 of 15 December 2006 on the application of Articles 87 and 88 of the Treaty to State aid to small and medium-sized enterprises active in the production of agricultural products and amending Regulation (EC) No 70/2001). To avoid market distortion, the state aid for the acquisition of breeding animals has become inadequate. Since in Lithuania this kind of support is more than one third of the total state aid for the breeding sector, directions of the state aid should be changed. To make these changes effective, national situation and EU benchmarking in the sector should be carefully considered. Therefore, at the Lithuanian Institute of Agrarian Economics was carried out research on the situation in the breeding sector and state support tendencines in other EU countries. Many EU countries had supported the purchase of breeding animals before the amendments forbidding it were adopted. At present this kind of support is available only for the acquisition of rare-breed animals. The main state aid directions in the sector are as follows: support for determining the genetic quality and yield of animals; establishment and maintenance of herd books; introduction of innovatory breeding techniques or practices and organisation of competitions; organisation of and participation in exhibitions and fairs. EU countries practice various aid directions and scopes, but most of them have a clear tendency to give a short-term (1–2 years) support. The emphasis is made on creating strong private market players who in future could improve the situation in this sector themselves; the areas of state support are being narrowed and the amounts are being reduced. But this does not make a negative impact on the improvement of breeding results. As EU policy towards the state aid in the breeding sector changes, Lithuania also has to reduce the scope of support.

In 2006 EU institutions adopted amendments of state aid extension scope and directions (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1857/2006 of 15 December 2006 on the application of Articles 87 and 88 of the Treaty to State aid to small and medium-sized enterprises active in the production of agricultural products and amending Regulation (EC) No 70/2001). To avoid market distortion, the state aid for the acquisition of breeding animals has become inadequate. Since in Lithuania this kind of support is more than one third of the total state aid for the breeding sector, directions of the state aid should be changed. To make these changes effective, national situation and EU benchmarking in the sector should be carefully considered. Therefore, at the Lithuanian Institute of Agrarian Economics was carried out research on the situation in the breeding sector and state support tendencines in other EU countries. Many EU countries had supported the purchase of breeding animals before the amendments forbidding it were adopted. At present this kind of support is available only for the acquisition of rare-breed animals. The main state aid directions in the sector are as follows: support for determining the genetic quality and yield of animals; establishment and maintenance of herd books; introduction of innovatory breeding techniques or practices and organisation of competitions; organisation of and participation in exhibitions and fairs. EU countries practice various aid directions and scopes, but most of them have a clear tendency to give a short-term (1–2 years) support. The emphasis is made on creating strong private market players who in future could improve the situation in this sector themselves; the areas of state support are being narrowed and the amounts are being reduced. But this does not make a negative impact on the improvement of breeding results. As EU policy towards the state aid in the breeding sector changes, Lithuania also has to reduce the scope of support.

In 2006 EU institutions adopted amendments of state aid extension scope and directions (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1857/2006 of 15 December 2006 on the application of Articles 87 and 88 of the Treaty to State aid to small and medium-sized enterprises active in the production of agricultural products and amending Regulation (EC) No 70/2001). To avoid market distortion, the state aid for the acquisition of breeding animals has become inadequate. Since in Lithuania this kind of support is more than one third of the total state aid for the breeding sector, directions of the state aid should be changed. To make these changes effective, national situation and EU benchmarking in the sector should be carefully considered. Therefore, at the Lithuanian Institute of Agrarian Economics was carried out research on the situation in the breeding sector and state support tendencines in other EU countries. Many EU countries had supported the purchase of breeding animals before the amendments forbidding it were adopted. At present this kind of support is available only for the acquisition of rare-breed animals. The main state aid directions in the sector are as follows: support for determining the genetic quality and yield of animals; establishment and maintenance of herd books; introduction of innovatory breeding techniques or practices and organisation of competitions; organisation of and participation in exhibitions and fairs. EU countries practice various aid directions and scopes, but most of them have a clear tendency to give a short-term (1–2 years) support. The emphasis is made on creating strong private market players who in future could improve the situation in this sector themselves; the areas of state support are being narrowed and the amounts are being reduced. But this does not make a negative impact on the improvement of breeding results. As EU policy towards the state aid in the breeding sector changes, Lithuania also has to reduce the scope of support.

The new position is that the services of necessary aid, which are funded by the state's budget funds, can be provided by private health care institutions only in exceptional situations. These aspects will have to be implemented by the relevant legislation of the Republic of Lithuanian in the near future. Analysis of the constitutional guarantees of Lithuanian nationals and other persons on receiving health care services, which are not considered as necessary medical aid, showed that compulsory health insurance in the constitutional doctrine is seen as the necessary system of funding health care services by public funds. The system is based on societal solidarity and allows ensuring sufficient accessibility of health care services. The current legal regulation lacks clarity, therefore, the paper offers setting clear limits of providing medical aid and, specifically, establishing the medical aid services that are not necessary for life and must be funded from the compulsory health insurance fund. It is also suggested to stipulate clearly, which health care services persons can receive, provided that they save the funds in voluntary health care fund (which practically does not function in Lithuania to this date), or otherwise they pay from their own funds to the health care institution. Each procedure for providing and paying for health care services must be regulated at the statutory level, considering the fundamental human right to life and good health.

The new position is that the services of necessary aid, which are funded by the state's budget funds, can be provided by private health care institutions only in exceptional situations. These aspects will have to be implemented by the relevant legislation of the Republic of Lithuanian in the near future. Analysis of the constitutional guarantees of Lithuanian nationals and other persons on receiving health care services, which are not considered as necessary medical aid, showed that compulsory health insurance in the constitutional doctrine is seen as the necessary system of funding health care services by public funds. The system is based on societal solidarity and allows ensuring sufficient accessibility of health care services. The current legal regulation lacks clarity, therefore, the paper offers setting clear limits of providing medical aid and, specifically, establishing the medical aid services that are not necessary for life and must be funded from the compulsory health insurance fund. It is also suggested to stipulate clearly, which health care services persons can receive, provided that they save the funds in voluntary health care fund (which practically does not function in Lithuania to this date), or otherwise they pay from their own funds to the health care institution. Each procedure for providing and paying for health care services must be regulated at the statutory level, considering the fundamental human right to life and good health.

Emigration is moving to another country. Since Lithuania joined the European Union (EU), the country's population mobility rights have been implemented more widely. As the Lithuanian population acquires another citizenship, the citizenship of the Union, the free movement of persons is ensured. During the economic recession the trend of international migration of habitants of Lithuania showed up very clearly. The intensifying emigration of Lithuanian population affects the country's economic-social development, it causes damages to families and their children as well. The child's parents having emigrated disrupt the socialization process and this leads to different negative outcomes for a child (eg, psychological, social, legal, etc.). Existing institutions do not provide welfare and services to provide assistance needed for a child, therefore an empirical study to determine the population's opinion on social and legal assistance to children of emigrated parents in Elektrenai district. The study included 148 residents of the district. Aim: To investigate the social - legal aid for children of emigrated parents, the opinion. Object of the research: social - legal aid for children of emigrated parents; Objectives: 1. To clarify the preconditions of social and legal assistance to children of emigrated parents: 2. To reveal opportunities of the social and legal assistance what concerns social work; 3. To investigate the opinion of the residents of Elektrenai district on social - legal aid for children of emigrated parents; Hypothesis. The emigration process in Lithuania is more intense because of social, economic and other reasons, and social and legal aid provided does not meet the population's needs. Most of the emigration cases are young families in search of better living conditions, this leads to various consequences for children, because they are temporarily left in the maintenance and care of relatives or even people they do not know well. Research methods: Theoretical: The analyses of scientific literature relating to the problems treated in work. Diagnostic: a survey of the residents in Elketrėnai district to find out their views on social and legal assistance to children of emigrated parents; Statistical: data analysis and interpretations, the calculation of percentages, correlation analysis, graphic Analysis. After summarizing of the empirical findings the following can be concluded: ● Elektrenai institutions providing social services and legal aid: More than a third of respondents stressed schools – 36,5%, Children's Day Care Centre Children Rights Protection Service: - 35,8%; a third of respondents mentioned Child Care Office – 33,1% , a quarter – 25,7% Educational-Psychological Service – 25,7%, and a small proportion of respondents mentioned the Social Support Unit – 8,8%, non-governmental organizations (NGO) – 3,4%, and the Education Department - 2%. ● basic social and legal forms of assistance: psychological counseling - 80.4%, social care - 75.7%, care of the child in temporary custody – 71,6%, social care – 58,1%, monetary social support – 49,3% special social allowance – 38,5%; ● People in the region of Elektrenai believe that children of emigrated parents various social and legal assistance, expansion of networks of institutions of psychological help and of the day care centers, as well as children's employment and programs for their social development. In addition, one quarter (20,3%) of respondents stress the need to initiate the creation of new jobs and employers flexibility in respect of the family (for example, to combine family and work responsibilities), and amendments to laws, tightening parental responsibility of a temporarily abandoned child (14,8%).

Emigration is moving to another country. Since Lithuania joined the European Union (EU), the country's population mobility rights have been implemented more widely. As the Lithuanian population acquires another citizenship, the citizenship of the Union, the free movement of persons is ensured. During the economic recession the trend of international migration of habitants of Lithuania showed up very clearly. The intensifying emigration of Lithuanian population affects the country's economic-social development, it causes damages to families and their children as well. The child's parents having emigrated disrupt the socialization process and this leads to different negative outcomes for a child (eg, psychological, social, legal, etc.). Existing institutions do not provide welfare and services to provide assistance needed for a child, therefore an empirical study to determine the population's opinion on social and legal assistance to children of emigrated parents in Elektrenai district. The study included 148 residents of the district. Aim: To investigate the social - legal aid for children of emigrated parents, the opinion. Object of the research: social - legal aid for children of emigrated parents; Objectives: 1. To clarify the preconditions of social and legal assistance to children of emigrated parents: 2. To reveal opportunities of the social and legal assistance what concerns social work; 3. To investigate the opinion of the residents of Elektrenai district on social - legal aid for children of emigrated parents; Hypothesis. The emigration process in Lithuania is more intense because of social, economic and other reasons, and social and legal aid provided does not meet the population's needs. Most of the emigration cases are young families in search of better living conditions, this leads to various consequences for children, because they are temporarily left in the maintenance and care of relatives or even people they do not know well. Research methods: Theoretical: The analyses of scientific literature relating to the problems treated in work. Diagnostic: a survey of the residents in Elketrėnai district to find out their views on social and legal assistance to children of emigrated parents; Statistical: data analysis and interpretations, the calculation of percentages, correlation analysis, graphic Analysis. After summarizing of the empirical findings the following can be concluded: ● Elektrenai institutions providing social services and legal aid: More than a third of respondents stressed schools – 36,5%, Children's Day Care Centre Children Rights Protection Service: - 35,8%; a third of respondents mentioned Child Care Office – 33,1% , a quarter – 25,7% Educational-Psychological Service – 25,7%, and a small proportion of respondents mentioned the Social Support Unit – 8,8%, non-governmental organizations (NGO) – 3,4%, and the Education Department - 2%. ● basic social and legal forms of assistance: psychological counseling - 80.4%, social care - 75.7%, care of the child in temporary custody – 71,6%, social care – 58,1%, monetary social support – 49,3% special social allowance – 38,5%; ● People in the region of Elektrenai believe that children of emigrated parents various social and legal assistance, expansion of networks of institutions of psychological help and of the day care centers, as well as children's employment and programs for their social development. In addition, one quarter (20,3%) of respondents stress the need to initiate the creation of new jobs and employers flexibility in respect of the family (for example, to combine family and work responsibilities), and amendments to laws, tightening parental responsibility of a temporarily abandoned child (14,8%).

Foreign aid is a hotly debated issue in political science. Its normative evaluations range from very positive to strictly negative. Recent studies have shed light on the difference between effects of foreign aid in Cold War and post-Cold War periods, as well as a crucial distinction between democratic and authoritarian aid. This article examines the relationship between foreign aid and democratization in countries affected by the Arab Awakening. Democratic and authoritarian aid flows of 1990-2009 are compared and cluster analysis is performed to group countries according to received aid. Results obtained show that such statistical computation groups countries more or less in accord with the processes of regime change that they have undergone during the Arab Awakening. These findings further support the thesis that effects of foreign aid depend on the type of donor states. If more aid came from democratic sources the country is more likely to experience regime change and if its funding came from authoritarian sources, the regime becomes more entrenched. This research, however, does not fully answer the question, whether aid itself influences the likelihood of transition or democratic countries are more likely to support those countries that already are on the edge of transition. It seems that the former theory is better supported, but further research is needed to solve this problem.

Foreign aid is a hotly debated issue in political science. Its normative evaluations range from very positive to strictly negative. Recent studies have shed light on the difference between effects of foreign aid in Cold War and post-Cold War periods, as well as a crucial distinction between democratic and authoritarian aid. This article examines the relationship between foreign aid and democratization in countries affected by the Arab Awakening. Democratic and authoritarian aid flows of 1990-2009 are compared and cluster analysis is performed to group countries according to received aid. Results obtained show that such statistical computation groups countries more or less in accord with the processes of regime change that they have undergone during the Arab Awakening. These findings further support the thesis that effects of foreign aid depend on the type of donor states. If more aid came from democratic sources the country is more likely to experience regime change and if its funding came from authoritarian sources, the regime becomes more entrenched. This research, however, does not fully answer the question, whether aid itself influences the likelihood of transition or democratic countries are more likely to support those countries that already are on the edge of transition. It seems that the former theory is better supported, but further research is needed to solve this problem.

Foreign aid is a hotly debated issue in political science. Its normative evaluations range from very positive to strictly negative. Recent studies have shed light on the difference between effects of foreign aid in Cold War and post-Cold War periods, as well as a crucial distinction between democratic and authoritarian aid. This article examines the relationship between foreign aid and democratization in countries affected by the Arab Awakening. Democratic and authoritarian aid flows of 1990-2009 are compared and cluster analysis is performed to group countries according to received aid. Results obtained show that such statistical computation groups countries more or less in accord with the processes of regime change that they have undergone during the Arab Awakening. These findings further support the thesis that effects of foreign aid depend on the type of donor states. If more aid came from democratic sources the country is more likely to experience regime change and if its funding came from authoritarian sources, the regime becomes more entrenched. This research, however, does not fully answer the question, whether aid itself influences the likelihood of transition or democratic countries are more likely to support those countries that already are on the edge of transition. It seems that the former theory is better supported, but further research is needed to solve this problem.

The article analyses the notion of implementation of visual aids as a part of second language learning strategies (SLLS). Moreover, the article highlights the implementation of visual aids via multimedia in teaching the second language at the Military Academy of Lithuania (MAL) by applying the questionnaire for English language teachers and learners involved in English language learning and acquisition at the MAL. For this purpose of the research, the diagnostic questions were developed by using validated and reliable questionnaires such as the Revised Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) and the Learner-Teacher Motivation (STM) questionnaire in terms of the implementation of visual aids in the SL learning and acquisition curriculum process. The analysis of the advantages of this method implementation into learning process is presented in the article, as well as the requirements and recommendations for authentic audio-visual materials on the basis of multimedia applied for the realization of pedagogical case study in a regular academic curriculum content and the technology of methodological development of authentic video or audio material for the achievement tests. The objective of the research is presented and described on the basis of the research. The research showed the significance of effectiveness of implementation of visual aids methods into the second language learning for they economize teaching, learning and acquisition time and increase motivation of both teachers and learners necessary to stimulate and boost psychological traits of a learner, such as verbal memory, behavior, positive emotions and others indispensable for participating in the language learning process and acquisition. Thus, the object of the research is based on visual aids as a part of SLLS alleviating and facilitating SL learning and acquisition by implementing visual aids as a part of SL learning strategies. The aim of the research is to apply visual aids as direct strategy in the language learning process as a part of SLLS used in the acquisition of a SL. Based on the theoretical and methodological SL learning approach of direct and indirect learning strategies, the methods of visual aids were chosen as the best means to accomplish the aim: to achieve the best effect of the SL learning and acquisition via implementing visual aids as a part of the SL learning strategies. In order to conduct the already set objectives of the research and to test the hypotheses of the research, the questionnaire was used to collect the required data. Moreover, besides the questionnaire data, the data of log observation sheets, pull-out focus groups, checklists, achievement tests and surveys of learners were analyzed too.

The article analyses the notion of implementation of visual aids as a part of second language learning strategies (SLLS). Moreover, the article highlights the implementation of visual aids via multimedia in teaching the second language at the Military Academy of Lithuania (MAL) by applying the questionnaire for English language teachers and learners involved in English language learning and acquisition at the MAL. For this purpose of the research, the diagnostic questions were developed by using validated and reliable questionnaires such as the Revised Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) and the Learner-Teacher Motivation (STM) questionnaire in terms of the implementation of visual aids in the SL learning and acquisition curriculum process. The analysis of the advantages of this method implementation into learning process is presented in the article, as well as the requirements and recommendations for authentic audio-visual materials on the basis of multimedia applied for the realization of pedagogical case study in a regular academic curriculum content and the technology of methodological development of authentic video or audio material for the achievement tests. The objective of the research is presented and described on the basis of the research. The research showed the significance of effectiveness of implementation of visual aids methods into the second language learning for they economize teaching, learning and acquisition time and increase motivation of both teachers and learners necessary to stimulate and boost psychological traits of a learner, such as verbal memory, behavior, positive emotions and others indispensable for participating in the language learning process and acquisition. Thus, the object of the research is based on visual aids as a part of SLLS alleviating and facilitating SL learning and acquisition by implementing visual aids as a part of SL learning strategies. The aim of the research is to apply visual aids as direct strategy in the language learning process as a part of SLLS used in the acquisition of a SL. Based on the theoretical and methodological SL learning approach of direct and indirect learning strategies, the methods of visual aids were chosen as the best means to accomplish the aim: to achieve the best effect of the SL learning and acquisition via implementing visual aids as a part of the SL learning strategies. In order to conduct the already set objectives of the research and to test the hypotheses of the research, the questionnaire was used to collect the required data. Moreover, besides the questionnaire data, the data of log observation sheets, pull-out focus groups, checklists, achievement tests and surveys of learners were analyzed too.