Suchergebnisse

This article is a case study of the role played by a non-governmental organisation in the development policy and development assistance on the example of the Coprodeli Foundation in Peru. In developed democratic countries, the organs of state power entrust part of their tasks to civil society organisations. However, these organisations can also become the leader in the development policy replacing or supporting the state. This determination is particularly important in the perspective of developing countries. However, the business model of these organisations must be inclusive and not substitute. The model developed by Coprodeli involves both beneficiaries, local and state power and business structures, and other aid organisations. Participation of many entities and the specifics of the work of the foundation, which places entire settlements in places neglected and affected by natural disasters, makes the model developed by Coprodeli important for the advancement of the theory of development assistance policy.

The premise of the article is that the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic, among others, will highlight the shortcomings in public policies in Poland. It is also assumed that public policies include actions of the authorities towards artists. The status of artists as a target group of public policy in a democratic system is diagnosed as well as the process of creating regulations for the status of a professional artist in Poland is described. The subject of a detailed analysis are the decisions of the Polish government regarding artists in the years 2020-2021. Technical, formal, and media problems of the authorities with the distribution of aid funds for artists in Poland are related to the lack of a law definition of an artist in the Polish social security system, and more broadly, in public policies. Due to the fact that the legislative work on the artist's status has not been completed before the 5th wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, problems in managing public aid for artists in Poland are expected to reoccur.

In the period of 2018–2022 Polish government implemented the record number of programs for financial support of local governments. Their aim was to improve local services, maintain the high level of investments, aid in the fight against COVID-19 pandemics and rebuilding the economy, as well as equalising the potential decline of incomes related to the taxation reforms implemented since 2019. Programs on the record amount of 135,58 billion PLN helped to remain the investments on the earlier level, as the COVID-19 pandemics caused only temporary decline in own revenues.

The article highlights the role of the Polish local authorities in counteracting the COVID-19 pandemic as well as minimising its impact. As a local level decentralised public administration, self-government becomes responsible for meeting the local communities needs. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the activities of local authorities were focused mainly on supporting: 1. health system; 2. local entrepreneurs; 3. social assistance institutions; 4. the most vulnerable citizens (the elderly, the sick, the handicapped, isolated or quarantined individuals). The main problem faced by local authorities was the need to increase the aid expenditure and the reduction of their revenue sources (especially their own revenue) at the same time. Despite all difficulties, local authorities have an understandable role to play in combating the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Due to the scale, dynamics and structure of the influx of war refugees from Ukraine to Poland in the first weeks of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the Polish state and society faced tasks beyond the world's previous experience in granting protection to foreigners. Nevertheless, an inclusive model of migrant's protection was quickly developed, combining formal and informal means of assistance from multiple state and non-state institutions and citizens into an effective way of dealing with the migrant's crisis. The following article contains an analysis of the formation process of the Ukraine war migrant's protection model in Poand and its characteristic features, as well as the political, social and cultural context of its implementation in the public and non-public aid system. The results showcase the particular value of citizen involvement in the process for the efficiency of the public assistance system. Additionally, potential opportunities to use the Polish experience in other countries offering protection to migrants are estimated, alongside a summary of strong and weak points of the Polish migrants reception system.

The article analyses and evaluates Polish-American cooperation in support of Ukraine after Russia's full-scale aggression in 2022. It answers the question regarding the importance of Polish-American cooperation in supporting the Ukrainian state and society. It assumes that Polish-American cooperation plays a key role in the areas of military and non-military assistance for Ukraine and Ukrainians. Both countries are among the main donors of military equipment to Ukraine, which is delivered via the territory of Poland. In addition, they put great pressure on European countries to increase military support to Ukraine. Polish-American cooperation in non-military areas is also of great importance. Poland's aid for Ukrainian refugees is crucial, and the US is involved in its delivery and financing. The US, in turn, is of paramount importance in imposing sanctions on Russia to force it to stop its aggression and in providing economic assistance to Ukraine. Poland participates in the sanctions system and strives to make them as severe as possible. Another area of Polish-American cooperation is LNG trade, which allows Poland, and potentially also other CEE countries, including Ukraine, to secure natural gas supplies after abandoning imports from Russia. During the research, interviews with American scientists and experts were conducted, and the method of analysing the content of text sources was used.