Suchergebnisse

Der Verfasser skizziert zunächst die Funktion der VDI-Kommission 'Reinhaltung der Luft' und diskutiert die rechtliche Qualität technischer Regelwerke in der Bundesrepublik. Er untersucht im folgenden die Stellung der VDI-Kommission als Träger öffentlicher Aufgaben und analysiert ihre Handlungsmöglichkeiten im Kräftefeld zwischen Staat und Industrie, die diesen Möglichkeiten zugrundeliegenden Funktionsbedingungen sowie die Grenzen einer privat organisierten Normbildung. Hierzu werden Tätigkeitsfelder und Organisation der Kommission, Funktionsbedingungen der Richtlinienarbeit, Beteiligungsmotive der Sachverständigen und Mechanismen der Entscheidungsfindung behandelt. Die intermediäre Stellung der Kommission und die Sanktionsgewalt des Staates werden als Voraussetzungen eines erfolgreichen Interessenausgleichs herausgearbeitet. (WZ)

Pollutants -- foreign material in the air -- can be man-made or occur naturally, & are concentrated where people are concentrated. Pollution is injurious to health & its prevention places an economic burden on the citizen. Amendments to the Clean Air Act, passed in 1970 & 1977, have been utilized to control air pollution. They encompass different strategies, which have met with varying success. Progress to date has been significant but it has been effected in those areas most amenable to control. Further emission reductions from automobiles, & transportation measures & programs will be more difficult to accomplish, but the challenge has been presented. The decision is up to the citizenry as to whether there shall be clean air for all -- & at what price. HA.

Pollutants—foreign material in the air—can be man made or occur naturally, and are concentrated where people are concentrated. Pollution is injurious to health and its prevention places an economic burden on the citizen. Amendments to the Clean Air Act, passed in 1970 and in 1977, have been utilized to control air pollution. They encompass different strategies which have met with varying success. Progress to date has been significant but it has been effected in those areas most amenable to control. Further emission reductions from automobiles, and transportation measures and programs will be more difficult to accomplish, but the challenge has been presented. The decision is up to the citizenry as to whether there shall be clean air for all—and at what price.

Urban air pollution is a major health risk in several large Iranian cities. Transportation, extensive use of fossil fuels, outdated urban fleets of gasoline and diesel vehicles, industrial sources within and close to the city boundaries and natural dust are major contributing factors. Starting with Tehran, emission inventories and mathematical air pollution models are being developed. Air quality is being monitored and reported to the public, though data availability and validity remain a challenge. While national and local air pollution mitigation plans are in place, progress remains slow, coordination is weak, and sources of funding are limited.

AbstractThis introduction provides an overview and analysis of key scientific data regarding air pollution in China. It constitutes a reference for understanding how policymakers, media and population in China make sense of and deal with air pollution, as discussed in the other articles of the section. We summarize the major characteristics and trends regarding air pollution in China, including its main sources and composition, levels of population exposure across the country, attributable mortality, and mitigation efforts. We also compare current levels of air pollution in China with other parts of the world and in a historical perspective. While the situation remains dire in many regions, particularly the Northeast, we conclude that there are signs of relief, or at least a halt to the increase in ambient air pollution levels. At the same time, critical issues regarding unequal levels of exposure remain, and health damaging levels of air pollution in cities will undoubtedly remain high for a long time to come. The rural population residing in areas close to industry and polluted cities and still depending on solid household fuels will likely be the worst off when it comes to air pollution exposure.