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"Over the last few decades, important progresses in the methods of sampling have been achieved. This book draws up an inventory of new methods that can be useful for selecting samples. Forty-six sampling methods are described in the framework of general theory. The algorithms are described rigorously, which allows implementing directly the described methods. This book is aimed at experienced statisticians who are familiar with the theory of survey sampling."--Jacket

Algorithmen: Chancen, Risiken und Grenzen Wo liegen die Einsatzmöglichkeiten von "Algorithmen" in juristischen Abläufen und Prozessen? Sind Algorithmen in den einzelnen Rechtsbereichen einsetzbar, um menschliche Entscheidungsprozesse durch digitale ersetzen zu können, und zwar bei der Rechtsetzung als solcher oder zumindest bei rechtserheblichen Prozessen bzw. Verfahren(sabschnitten)? Aus dem Blickwinkel der unterschiedlichen rechtlichen Teildisziplinen wird in diesem Band der Frage nachgegangen, ob und wie man diese Techniken sinnvoll einsetzen kann, wo Chancen und Risiken und wo die Grenzen für den Einsatz dieser Technologien liegen

New military technologies are animated by fantasies of perfect knowledge, lawfulness, and vision that contrast sharply with the very real limits of human understanding, law, and vision. Thus, various kinds of violent acts are proliferating while their precise nature remains unclear. Especially man-machine ensembles, guided by algorithms, are operating in ways that challenge conceptual understanding. War and Algorithm looks at the increasing power of algorithms in these emerging forms of warfare from the perspectives of critical theory, philosophy, legal studies, and visual studies. The contributions in this volume grapple with the challenges posed by algorithmic warfare and trace the roots of new forms of war in the technological practices and forms of representation of the digital age. Together, these contributions provide a first step toward understanding--and resisting--our emerging world of war.

The role of algorithms for producing and curating content as well as potential outcomes of these mechanisms is one of the most debated issues in existing communication research. "Communicating algorithms" affect processes of political, social and interpersonal communication. A broad variety of communication fields is thus currently touched on by algorithms, ranging from news exposure, public opinion forming, information retrieval, and political communication processes among others. However, a scientific sound and objective consideration of algorithms as actors in digital (mass) communication is still scarce. The special issue "Algorithms and Communication" addresses this research gap. It presents theoretical as well as empirical results in important fields of communication science, such as media literacy, news aggregation or robotics. With this, it aims to shed light on the black-box of algorithms as "hidden actors" in communication processes.

Algorithmen: Die wichtigste Denkweise unserer Zeit unterhaltsam erklärt. Ob Suchmaschine, Navigationssystem, Datensicherheit, Online-Dating oder Studienplatzvergabe - Algorithmen sind überall. Sie zu verstehen, ist wichtiger denn je. Mit diesem Buch kann das sogar Spaß machen. Der Autor ist angewandter Mathematiker.

La 4e de couverture porte en plus : "Ils transforment les sciences, l'industrie, la société ... Ils bouleversent les notions de travail, de propriété, de gouvernement, de vie privée ... et d'humanité. Qui, aujourd'hui, n'a pas entendu parler des algorithmes? Avec eux, nous passons facilement d'un extrême à l'autre : nous nous réjouissons qu'ils nous facilitent la vie, mais redoutons qu'ils nous asservissent ... Pour en finir avec cette vision manichéenne, cet ouvrage propose un nouveau regard sur notre époque, sur le temps des algorithmes. Les algorithmes sont probablement les outils les plus sophistiqués que les hommes aient eu à leur disposition depuis les commencements de l'histoire de l'humanité. Créations de l'esprit humain, ils sont ce que nous avons voulu qu'ils soient. Et ils seront ce que nous voulons qu'ils soient : à nous de choisir le monde que nous voulons construire."

Algorithms permeate our lives in numerous ways, performing tasks that until recently could only be carried out by humans. Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, based on machine learning algorithms and big-data-powered systems, can perform sophisticated tasks such as driving cars, analyzing medical data, and evaluating and executing complex financial transactions - often without active human control or supervision. Algorithms also play an important role in determining retail pricing, online advertising, loan qualification, and airport security. In this work, Martin Ebers and Susana Navas bring together a group of scholars and practitioners from across Europe and the US to analyze how this shift from human actors to computers presents both practical and conceptual challenges for legal and regulatory systems. This book should be read by anyone interested in the intersection between computer science and law, how the law can better regulate algorithmic design, and the legal ramifications for citizens whose behavior is increasingly dictated by algorithms.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of illustrations -- List of contributors -- Series Preface: Algorithms and Society -- Volume introduction -- Acknowledgment -- 1 Distributing Journalism: Digital Disclosure, Secrecy, and Crypto-Cultures -- 2 Centering Race in Analyses and Practices of Countersurveillance Advocacy: Mythologies of the Racialized Other in the Crypto Wars -- 3 Data Privacy in Digital Advertising: Towards a Post-Third-Party Cookie Era -- 4 Smartphones, APIs & -- GNSS (Not GPS) Location Data -- Index.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Author -- Part I Foundations -- 1 Introduction to Stochastic Optimisation -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Conventional Optimisation Methods -- 1.3 Modern Stochastic Methods -- 1.3.1 Heuristics -- 1.3.2 Meta-Heuristics -- 1.3.3 No Free Lunch Theorems -- 1.3.4 Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) -- 1.3.5 Swarm Intelligence (SI) -- 1.3.6 Socio-inspired Algorithms -- 1.3.7 Physics Inspired Algorithms -- 1.3.8 Hyper-Heuristics -- 1.4 Summary -- References -- 2 Introduction to Culture -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 What is the Culture? -- 2.3 Characteristic Features of Culture -- 2.4 Cultural Learning in Humans and Animals -- 2.5 Cultural Evolution -- 2.6 Social Learning Biases -- 2.7 Who Can Change Cultural Variants? -- 2.8 Summary -- References -- 3 Cultural Algorithms (CAs) -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Overall Framework -- 3.3 Population Space -- 3.4 Belief Space -- 3.4.1 Situational Knowledge -- 3.4.2 Normative Knowledge -- 3.4.3 History Knowledge -- 3.4.4 Topographical Knowledge -- 3.4.5 Domain Knowledge -- 3.5 Communication Protocols -- 3.5.1 Acceptance Function -- 3.5.2 Influence Function -- 3.6 Cultural Adjustment -- 3.7 Algorithmic Steps -- 3.8 Illustrative Example -- 3.9 Summary -- References -- Part II Application of Cultural Algorithms -- 4 Applications of Cultural Algorithms in Engineering -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Civil Engineering -- 4.2.1 Transportation Engineering -- 4.2.2 Structural Engineering -- 4.2.3 Environmental Engineering -- 4.2.4 Urban Engineering -- 4.2.5 Water Engineering -- 4.3 Mechanical Engineering -- 4.3.1 Damage Detection -- 4.3.2 Optimum Design -- 4.3.3 Composite Structures -- 4.3.4 Optimal Vibration Control -- 4.3.5 Vehicle Safety -- 4.3.6 Flight Control -- 4.3.7 Gas Turbine Operation -- 4.3.8 Renewable Energy -- 4.4 Chemical Engineering -- 4.4.1 Penicillin Production.

ADVANCES IN EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS RESEARCH -- ADVANCES IN EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS RESEARCH -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1: EVOLUTIONARY MULTIMODAL OPTIMIZATION: A SHORT SURVEY -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction and Background -- 2. Problem Definition -- 3. Methodology -- 4. Benchmarking -- 5. Application -- 6. Discussion -- References -- Chapter 2: TOWARDS RESILIENT MULTIMEMETIC SYSTEMS ON UNSTABLE NETWORKS WITH COMPLEX TOPOLOGY -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Modeling a Dynamic Computational Environment

Improving the science behind the algorithms that run our lives is rapidly becoming one of the most pressing issues of this century. Traditional fixes-laws, regulations and watchdog groups-have proven woefully inadequate. Reporting from the cutting edge of scientific research, The Ethical Algorithm offers a new approach: a set of principled solutions based on the emerging and exciting science of socially aware algorithm design. Michael Kearns and Aaron Roth explain how we can better embed human principles into machine code-without halting the advance of data-driven scientific exploration. The Ethical Algorithm offers a compelling vision for a future, one in which we can better protect humans from the unintended impacts of algorithms while continuing to inspire wondrous advances in technology.

Die Verwaltung setzt zunehmend algorithmische Systeme ein. Ein Mittel, um mit den Risiken umzugehen und die Vorteile zu optimieren, können Folgenabschätzungen sein. Die Datenschutz-Folgenabschätzung nach Art. 35 DS-GVO bietet ein erstes Beispiel hierfür. Die geplante KI-Verordnung der EU sieht keine Folgenabschätzungen vor, mit dem Risikomanagementsystem und der Konformitätsbewertung kennt sie aber ähnliche Verfahren. Jonathan Dollinger untersucht, inwiefern die genannten Vorschriften einen tauglichen Rechtsrahmen für den KI-Einsatz in der Verwaltung darstellen. Dazu vergleicht er diesen Rechtsrahmen mit den Modellvorschriften des European Law Institute zu Folgenabschätzungen für Verwaltungs-Algorithmen sowie mit ausgewählten ausländischen Regelungen. Anschließend plädiert er für verwaltungsspezifische Folgenabschätzungen, die gegenüber den allgemeinen Vorschriften einen weiteren Prüfungsmaßstab und eine intensivere Öffentlichkeitsbeteiligung vorsehen