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In recent years, scholars have called for studies that explore framing effects in the context of the real world. A growing amount of research is devoted to the question of which real-world factors enhance, limit, or obliterate framing effects. However, the important question whether framing effects vary depending on the level of attitudinal ambivalence – a prevalent psychological phenomenon that is shown to have significance influence on media effects and attitude change – has not been addressed. Based on a web-based between-subject experimental study (total N=177), this research investigates whether and how attitudinal ambivalence affects framing effects. The study shows that both the effects of the positive framed message (i.e., the message emphasizing a favorable consideration to the issue selected) and negative framed message (i.e., the message which emphasize unfavorable consideration) are affected by the level of attitudinal ambivalence. In particular, the positive framing effect is enhanced by the higher level of attitudinal ambivalence, while the negative framing effect gets weakened. These opposite results could be explained by the hypothetical mechanism of interaction, which holds that attitudinal ambivalence affects framing effects via affecting the role of predisposition in moderating framing effects. This hypothetical mechanism is supported by the experimental evidence. In addition, the theoretical and practical implications of this research will be discussed. ; 近年來,不少學者均呼籲要在現實世界的情境中探索框架效應。而近年亦有越來越多的研究,專注於去探討有什麼現實世界的因素,會加強、削弱甚或是消除框架效應。然而,在這研究範疇中,還有一條重要卻尚未被處理過的問題 - 框架效應的影響,會不會因矛盾心態程度上的不同而有所變化?矛盾心態是世實世界中的一個常見心理現象。已有證據顯示,它會對其他的媒體效應、及態度轉變有來顯著的影響。 ; 本文會以網上組間實驗的證據為基礎,探討矛盾心態會否及會如何影響框架效應。實驗結果顯示,矛盾心態分別影響了正面的框架化訊息 (正面訊息強調利好於事件的考慮)及反面的框架化訊息(反面訊息強調不利於事件的考慮)的影響。具體來說,矛盾心態加強了正面框架化訊息的影響,卻削弱了負面訊息的影響。這樣相反結果,可以被本文假設的相互作用機制所解釋。這機制假定,矛盾心態對框架效應的影響,是在個人回應框架訊息的過程中,通過改變個人傾向的影響力而產生的。實際的實驗結果,亦支持了這個假設的機制。 ; 本文亦會探討這項研究的學術意義及實用意義。 ; Lee, Po Chiu Ivan. ; Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2013. ; Includes ...

Tsang, Stephanie Jean. ; "September 2011." ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-151). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese; appendix includes Chinese. ; Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter Chapter 2: --- Theoretical Background --- p.12 ; Deliberative and Participatory Democracies --- p.12 ; Interpersonal Discussion --- p.25 ; Online Political Engagement --- p.36 ; Chapter Chapter 3: --- Framework --- p.45 ; Chapter Chapter 4: --- Design and Methods --- p.64 ; Chapter Chapter 5: --- Analysis and Results --- p.76 ; Results - Content Analysis --- p.76 ; Results - Survey --- p.82 ; Chapter Chapter 6: --- Discussions --- p.97 ; Chapter Chapter 7: --- Limitations and Future Studies --- p.114 ; Chapter Chapter 8: --- Appendices --- p.118 ; Appendix A --- p.118 ; Appendix B --- p.120 ; Chapter Chapter 9: --- References --- p.137

Tse, Yuen Man. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 209-222). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.iii ; Acknowledgements --- p.vi ; Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction --- p.1 ; The Research Question ; Terminology ; Literature Review ; Methodology ; The Structure of the Thesis ; Chapter Chapter Two: --- Schooling in Hong Kong --- p.42 ; Structure and Characteristics of the Education System ; Language and Hong Kong´ةs Education ; History Education in Hong Kong ; Civic and Political Education in Hong Kong: A Brief History ; Conclusion ; Chapter Chapter Three: --- An Overview of the Organization of Patriotic Education at School Level --- p.62 ; Differences in the Pattern of Organizing Nationalistic Education in Individual Schools ; Concrete Changes in the Implemented Patriotic Education Curriculum and their Ambiguous Implications ; Decision Making and Power Relations in School-Based Curriculum ; Conclusion ; Chapter Chapter Four: --- The Meanings of National Identity and Nationalistic Education: Views of Education Practitioners --- p.89 ; Teachers´ة Background ; Teachers´ة Attitudes towards Nationalistic Education ; Which Patriotism? Ambivalences in the Teaching of Patriotism for China ; Conclusion ; Chapter Chapter Five: --- Nationalistic Education in Practice: The Conflicting Meanings of China and Love for Country I --- p.126 ; "Which China Should Be Loved? Ancient, Cultural China versus Contemporary, Political China" ; Conclusion ; Chapter Chapter Six: --- Nationalistic Education in Practice: The Conflicting Meanings of China and Love for Country II --- p.148 ; Affective or Critical Education/ Loving the Country as a Duty or a Choice ; Conclusion ; Chapter Chapter Seven: --- Conclusion --- p.175 ; Summary of Chapters ; The Teaching of National Identity in Hong Kong in Review ; The Future of the Teaching of National Identity in Hong Kong: The Promotion of a New Form of National Belonging ; Appendices --- p.206 ; Bibliography ...

Chan, Siu-han. ; Thesis submitted in: July 2004. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 184-193). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; ABSTRACT --- p.i ; 論文摘要 --- p.ii ; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii ; CONTENTS --- p.v ; INTRODUCTION ; Chapter 1.1 --- Empirical Puzzles and Theoretical Concern --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- The Cultural Scene in Hong Kong --- p.5 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Defining the New Wave Cinema --- p.8 ; Chapter 1.4 --- The Objectives of the Thesis --- p.12 ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- In Quest of Theoretical Perspective and Analytical Framework ; Chapter 2.1 --- Existing Studies of the New Wave Cinema --- p.13 ; Chapter 2.2 --- The Study of Popular Culture in Hong Kong --- p.21 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Culture Industry: The Approach of the Frankfurt School --- p.28 ; Chapter 2.4 --- The Elective Affinity of Culture Industry with Hong Kong Society --- p.33 ; Chapter 2.5 --- Analytical Framework --- p.36 ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- The Anxiety of Political Subjectivity ; Chapter 3.1 --- Prelude --- p.45 ; Chapter 3.2 --- The Perturbed Hong Kong People --- p.50 ; Chapter 3.3 --- The Hong Kong Diaspora --- p.57 ; Chapter 3.4 --- The Negative Projection on the Colonizers --- p.60 ; Chapter 3.5 --- The Ambivalence Towards the Motherland´ؤChina --- p.66 ; Chapter 3.6 --- Discourse on Political Modernization: The Anxiety of Political Subjectivity --- p.86 ; Chapter Chapter 4 --- The Contradiction of Societal Modernization ; Chapter 4.1 --- Prelude --- p.89 ; Chapter 4.2 --- Looking back at the Pre-modernized Social Order --- p.91 ; Chapter 4.3 --- Rethinking the Entanglement of the Old and the New --- p.102 ; Chapter 4.4 --- Representing the Modernized New Social Order --- p.110 ; Chapter 4.5 --- Discourse on Societal Modernization: The Contradiction of Societal Modernization --- p.123 ; Chapter Chapter 5 --- The Fragility of Hong Kong Cultural Identity ; Chapter 5.1 --- Prelude --- p.126 ; Chapter 5.2 --- Historical Memories as Cultural Receptacles --- p.128 ...