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1. Introduction: Cultural and Literary Interactions Between Asia and Latin America -- Part I Asian Hybrid Identities and Latin American Transnational Narratives -- 2. (Trans)National Narratives of Identity in Federico Jeanmarie's Tacos Altos (2016) -- 3. Identity and Poetic Memory in Lina Meruane's Volverse Palestina -- 4. Hybrid Identities: Mexico and the Middle East in Memoria de Líbano by Carlos Martínez Assad and Casa Damasco by Maruan Soto Antaki -- Part II Reception and Translations of Latin American Writers in Asia -- 5. Shared Neoliberalisms: The Cultural Affects of the Contemporary Pacific -- 6. Fragile Bridges: Translation Theory and Translation Practices in Contemporary Transpacific Literature -- 7. Reception of Chilean Literature and South Korean Intellectual Genealogy -- Part III Diffraction Worlds of Nikkei Identities -- 8. Biopolitics, Orientalism, and the Asian Immigrant as Monster in Salazar's La medianoche del japonés and Rodríguez's Asesinato en una lavandería china -- 9. Militancy and Imperial Masculinity in Sugi Takeo's "Revenge" and Vicente Amorim's Dirty Hearts -- 10. Quiet Revenges: The Infinite Intensity of the Silenced History of Japanese Peruvians in Carlos Yushimito del Valle's "Ciudad de Cristal" -- 11. The Sea and Poison: Shusaku Endo's Prelude to Silence -- Part IV Crossroads of Asia-Latin American Narratives and Travel Writing -- 12. The Peripheral Spanish World in the Antipodes: The Filipino T. H. Pardo de Tavera in the Centennial Argentina -- 13. José Rizal and the Foundational Novels of Latin America -- 14. Is It Not So Easy to Go from West to East? A Political View of Cecília Meireles in India -- 15. Orientalism Expanded? Latin American Travel Narratives Heading East.

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Acronyms -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Plan of the Book -- References -- 2 Complementarity and Economic Governance -- 2.1 Institutional Complementarities -- 2.2 Economic Performance, Stability, and Institutional Change -- 2.3 Economic Governance: Limits on Discretion -- 2.4 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Economic Governance in Latin America -- 3.1 Development as Economic Governance -- 3.2 The Crises, Vested Interests, and Reforms -- 3.3 Legacies, New Crises, and Possibilities of Consolidation -- 3.4 Conclusions -- References -- 4 The Real Plan: The Successful Struggle to Consolidate Economic Governance -- 4.1 Privatization -- 4.1.1 Development, Scarcity, and Reform -- 4.1.2 Collor Government: A New Priority -- 4.2 Trade Liberalization -- 4.2.1 First Phase -- 4.2.2 Actual Opening -- 4.3 Anti-Inflationary Plans -- 4.3.1 First Organized Attempts -- 4.3.2 The Time of the Real -- 4.4 Consolidating Reforms -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- 5 The Chilean Pension System: Contentious Economic Governance -- 5.1 Pension System Reform -- 5.2 Financial System Reform -- 5.3 Continuous Struggle and Unease -- 5.4 Conclusions -- References -- 6 Institutionalizing Mexican Economic Policies: Limiting Presidential Discretion -- 6.1 Banco de México -- 6.1.1 Central Banks: Theory and Practice -- 6.1.2 Brewing a Reform -- 6.2 Budget and Fiscal Responsibility Act -- 6.3 Difficulties in Controlling Discretion -- 6.4 Conclusions -- References -- 7 Conclusions: Limiting Discretion-The Problem of Economic Governance -- 7.1 Complementarity and Economic Governance -- 7.2 The Legacies of Crises and Economic Policymaking -- 7.3 The Continuous Struggle for Economic Governance -- References -- List of Interviews -- Index.

"Scholarship on ethnicity in modern Latin America has traditionally understood the region's various societies as fusions of people of European, indigenous, and/or African descent. These are often deployed as stable categories, with European or "white" as a monolith against which studies of indigeneity or blackness are set. The role of post-independence immigration from eastern and western Europe-as well as from Asia, Africa, and other Latin-American countries-in constructing the national ethnic landscape remains understudied. The contributors of this volume focus their attention on Jewish, Arab, non-Latin European, Asian, and Latin American immigrants and their experiences in their "new" homes. Rejecting exceptionalist and homogenizing tendencies within immigration history, contributors advocate instead an approach that emphasizes the locally- and nationally-embedded nature of ethnic identification"--

1. Chapter 1 Introduction to the political economy of agrarian change in Latin America -- 2. Chapter 2 Changes and continuities in agrofood relations, 1870-1970s -- 3. Chapter 3 Agrofood globalization: the global soybean and beef commodity chains -- 4. Chapter 4 Regulative shifts paving the way for agrarian change -- 5. Chapter 5 Regulative shifts and agrarian change of the twenty-first century -- 6. Chapter 6 Conclusion: State autonomy and capacity in a comparative light

Latin America is currently caught in a middle-quality institutional trap, combining flawed democracies and low-to-medium capacity States. Yet, contrary to conventional wisdom, the sequence of development - Latin America has democratized before building capable States - does not explain the region's quandary. States can make democracy, but so too can democracy make States. Thus, the starting point of political developments is less important than whether the State-democracy relationship is a virtuous cycle, triggering causal mechanisms that reinforce each other. However, the State-democracy interaction generates a virtuous cycle only under certain macroconditions. In Latin America, the State-democracy interaction has not generated a virtuous cycle: problems regarding the State prevent full democratization and problems of democracy prevent the development of state capacity. Moreover, multiple macroconditions provide a foundation for this distinctive pattern of State-democracy interaction. The suboptimal political equilibrium in contemporary Latin America is a robust one.

How has Latin America pioneered the field of transitional justice (TJ)? Do approaches vary across the region? This Element describes Latin American innovations in trials and truth commissions, and evaluates two influential models that explain variation in TJ outcomes: the Huntingtonian and Justice Cascade approaches. It argues that scholars should complement these approaches with one that recognizes the importance of state capacity building and institutional change. To translate domestic/international political pressure and human rights norms into outcomes, states must develop 'TJ capabilities'. Not only should states be willing to pursue these highly complex policies, they must also develop competent bureaucracies.

The way external forces influence political and economic outcomes in developing countries is an ongoing concern of scholars and policymakers. In the 1970s and 1980s, dependency analysis was a popular way of approaching this topic, but it later fell into disrepute. This Element argues that it may be useful to revamp dependency to interpret China's new relationships with developing countries, including Latin America. Economic links with China have become important determinants of the region's development. Stallings discusses the dependency debates, reviews the way dependency operated in the US-Latin American case, and analyzes the growing Chinese presence within a dependency framework.

This Element analyses the political dynamics of neo-extractivism in Latin America. It discusses the critical concepts of neo-extractivism and the commodity consensus and the various phases of socio-environmental conflict, proposing an eco-territorial approach that uncovers the escalation of extractive violence. It also presents horizontal concepts and debates theories that explore the language of Latin American socio-environmental movements, such as Buen Vivir and Derechos de la Naturaleza. In concluding, it proposes an explanation for the end of the progressive era, analyzing its ambiguities and limitations in the dawn of a new political cycle marked by the strengthening of the political rights.

"This book analyzes Latin American regional integration with a novel conceptual approach grounded in extensive field research. Using the UNASUR (Unión de Naciones Suramericanas) as a case study, the author investigates the process of policy-making in regional public policy fields in South America. The project focuses on intergovernmental structures of regional organizations as an institutional framework for a variety of independent processes in regions. It also challenges the perspective of democratic states as unitary actors and seeks to analyze the factors which favor or obstruct regional processes in different policy-fields. This work will appeal to researchers, graduate students and anyone interested in Latin American politics and policy-making. Anne Marie Hoffmann is Deputy Head at Research and Transfer Centre "Sustainability and Climate Change Management" in Hamburg, Germany"--Publisher's description.

Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- Overview -- The Productivity of LAC Cities Is Slightly above Average but below the Global Frontier -- What These Findings Might Mean for Policy -- Annex OA: Productivity Measures Used in the Book to Assess LAC Cities -- Annex OB: The Need for Policy -- Notes -- References -- Part I. Urbanization and Productivity in Latin America and the Caribbean -- Chapter 1. Urbanization, Economic Development, and Structural Transformation -- Introduction -- The Origins of Cities in Latin America and the Caribbean -- Urbanization in the LAC Region and the Rest of the World: Discrepancies between Consistent and Official Measures -- Urbanization, Economic Development, and Structural Transformation: How Does the LAC Region's Performance Stack Up? -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2. The Many Dimensions of Urbanization and the Productivity of Cities in Latin America and the Caribbean -- Introduction -- Defining a Global Data Set of Urban Areas -- Urban Areas in the LAC Region Are More Densely Populated Than Those Elsewhere -- A Significant Share of Latin America and the Caribbean's Urban Population Lives in Large MCAs -- A Third of LAC Countries Analyzed Suffer from Potentially Excessive Primacy -- Implications for National Productivity: Density and MCAs Matter, but Urban Primacy Does Not -- International Benchmarking of LAC Urban Areas' Productivity: Better Than Average, but Lagging the Global Frontier -- Productivity is Highly Dispersed across LAC Urban Areas -- Conclusions -- Annex 2A: List of Comparator Countries for Each LAC Country -- Annex 2B: Statistical Tests of Differences in Population, Area, and Population Density between LAC Countries and Their Comparators -- Annex 2C: List of Multicity Agglomerations in the LAC Region

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1. Introduction: Reshaping the Political Arena in Latin America / Federico M. Rossi and Eduardo Silva -- Part I: Social Movements -- Chapter 2. Introduction to Part I: Social Movements and the Second Wave of (Territorial) Incorporation in Latin America / Federico M. Rossi -- Chapter 3. Social Movements and the Second Incorporation in Bolivia and Ecuador / Eduardo Silva -- Chapter 4. The Incorporation of Popular Sectors and Social Movements in Venezuelan Twenty-First-Century Socialism / María Pilar García-Guadilla -- Chapter 5. Social Movements, the New "Social Question," and the Second Incorporation of the Popular Sectors in Argentina and Brazil / Federico M. Rossi -- Part II: Trade Unions -- Chapter 6. Introduction to Part II: Labor Unions in Latin America: Incorporation and Reincorporation under the New Left / Ruth Berins Collier -- Chapter 7. Socialism without Workers? Trade Unions and the New Left in Bolivia and Ecuador / Jorge León Trujillo and Susan Spronk -- Chapter 8. Conflicting Currents within the Pro-Chávez Labor Movement and the Dynamics of Decision Making / Steve Ellner -- Chapter 9. The Labor Movement and the Erosion of Neoliberal Hegemony: Brazil and Argentina / Julián Gindin and Adalberto Cardoso -- Part III: Political Parties -- Chapter 10. Introduction to Part III: Political Parties in Latin America's Second Wave of Incorporation / Kenneth M. Roberts -- Chapter 11. From Movements to Governments: Comparing Bolivia's MAS and Ecuador's PAIS / Catherine Conaghan -- Chapter 12. The Second Wave of Incorporation and Political Parties in the Venezuelan Petrostate / Daniel Hellinger -- Chapter 13. The Politics of Incorporation: Party Systems, Political Leaders, and the State in Argentina and Brazil / Pierre Ostiguy and Aaron Schneider

In the United States, income inequality has increased significantly. For decades, wage growth has been especially slow for the middle class, whereas the top 10% of earners has benefitted the most from the economic upswing. The same is true for distribution of wealth. According to an analysis by the Pew Research Center, the wealth gap between America's upper-income and lower-income families has reached its highest level. There are not only disparities between regions of the United States, but also huge differences within American cities themselves that are often caused by urban governance and housing policies. All this is true for Canada and other countries of the Americas as well, but to differing degrees. The essays collected in this book address inequality in America from a variety of perspectives, ranging from literary and cultural studies, sociology, economics, political science, history, geography, as well as museum studies

This title covers the major drivers of the Latin American region's economy, including exports of agricultural products, petroleum and minerals, and manufactured goods, along with the service and tourism industries. Despite recent improvements, the Latin American economy remains dependent on commodity exports to the West, presenting a challenge to the region's long-term future. When used in the classroom, this resource provides readers with the tools they need to analyze concepts in economics and how they affect the countries of Latin America

Foreword 1 -- Notes -- Foreword 2 -- Series Editors' Preface -- Notes -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 How This Book Came About and Why It Is Needed -- 1.2 Methodological Aspects -- 1.2.1 Political and Historical Background Analysis -- 1.2.2 Legal Analysis -- 1.2.3 Empirical Research -- 1.2.4 Pros and Cons of the Methodology -- 1.3 Outline -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2: Protection of Human Rights Defenders -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Who Are the Human Rights Defenders? -- 2.3 Why Protect Human Rights Defenders? -- 2.4 Examples of National Public Policy for Protecting Human Rights Defenders in Latin America -- 2.5 Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3: Brazil's Path Towards Human Rights -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Politics of Human Rights Through Brazil's Re-Democratization -- 3.2.1 Military Dictatorship (1964-1985) -- 3.2.1.1 First Phase of the Spiral Model: Repression and Activation of Network -- 3.2.1.2 Second Phase of the Spiral Model: Denial -- 3.2.1.3 Third Phase of the Spiral Model: Tactical Concessions -- 3.2.2 Transition to Democracy (1985-1990) -- 3.2.2.1 Fourth Phase of the Spiral Model: Prescriptive Status -- 3.2.3 Constitutional Democracy (1990-2017) -- 3.3 Structural Problems and the Role Played by Human Rights Defenders -- 3.4 Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4: State and Civil Society's Responses to State and Non-State Actors' Violence Towards Human Rights Defenders -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Violence Against Human Rights Defenders -- 4.2.1 State Violence Against HRDs -- 4.2.2 Non-State Violence Against HRDs -- 4.3 Responses to Violence Against Human Rights Defenders -- 4.3.1 Civil Society Responses to Violence Against HRDs -- 4.3.2 State Responses to Violence Against HRDs -- 4.4 Conclusion -- Notes

Preface -- Introduction: taking up residency : spatial reconfigurations and the struggle to belong in urban Latin America / Christien Klaufus -- The Latin American context -- The consolidation of the Latin American city and the changing bases for social order / Bryan R. Roberts -- Proximity, crime, politics and design : Medellin's popular neighbourhoods and the experience of belonging / Gerard Martin and Marijke Martin -- Family and belonging in consolidated settlements -- Debe Ser esfuerzo propio : aspirations and belongings of the young generation in the old barriadas of southern Lima, Peru / Michaela Hordijk -- Housing inheritance and succession among pioneer squatters and self builders : a Mexican case study / Erika Denisse Grajeda -- "Favela modelo" : a study on housing, belonging and civic engagement in a "pacified" favela in Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Palloma Menezes -- Spaces of the urban middle class -- Housing policy in the city of Buenos Aires : some reflections on the programa federal / Fernando Ostuni and Jean-Louis Van Gelder -- The boom of high-rise apartment buildings in Buenos Aires : new spaces of residentiality or a motor of disintegration? / Jan Dohnke and Corinna Holzl -- Living with style in my casa geo : large-scale housing conjuntos in urban Mexico / Cristina Inclen-Valadez -- Architectural and spatial representations -- Illiterate modernists : tracking the dissemination of architectural knowledge in Brazilian favelas / Fernando Luiz Lara -- Towards belonging : design and dwelling practices in Santa Marta, Colombia / Peter Kellett -- (re)building the city of Medellin : beyond state rhetoric vs. personal experience -- a call for consolidated synergies / Jota (Jos) Samper and Tamera Marko -- Reflections -- Home and belonging : reflections from urban Mexico / Ann Varley -- One block at a time : performing the neighbourhood / Arij Ouweneel -- List of contributors -- Index.