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1. Chapter 1 Introduction to the political economy of agrarian change in Latin America -- 2. Chapter 2 Changes and continuities in agrofood relations, 1870-1970s -- 3. Chapter 3 Agrofood globalization: the global soybean and beef commodity chains -- 4. Chapter 4 Regulative shifts paving the way for agrarian change -- 5. Chapter 5 Regulative shifts and agrarian change of the twenty-first century -- 6. Chapter 6 Conclusion: State autonomy and capacity in a comparative light

How has Latin America pioneered the field of transitional justice (TJ)? Do approaches vary across the region? This Element describes Latin American innovations in trials and truth commissions, and evaluates two influential models that explain variation in TJ outcomes: the Huntingtonian and Justice Cascade approaches. It argues that scholars should complement these approaches with one that recognizes the importance of state capacity building and institutional change. To translate domestic/international political pressure and human rights norms into outcomes, states must develop 'TJ capabilities'. Not only should states be willing to pursue these highly complex policies, they must also develop competent bureaucracies.

Latin America is currently caught in a middle-quality institutional trap, combining flawed democracies and low-to-medium capacity States. Yet, contrary to conventional wisdom, the sequence of development - Latin America has democratized before building capable States - does not explain the region's quandary. States can make democracy, but so too can democracy make States. Thus, the starting point of political developments is less important than whether the State-democracy relationship is a virtuous cycle, triggering causal mechanisms that reinforce each other. However, the State-democracy interaction generates a virtuous cycle only under certain macroconditions. In Latin America, the State-democracy interaction has not generated a virtuous cycle: problems regarding the State prevent full democratization and problems of democracy prevent the development of state capacity. Moreover, multiple macroconditions provide a foundation for this distinctive pattern of State-democracy interaction. The suboptimal political equilibrium in contemporary Latin America is a robust one.

This Element analyses the political dynamics of neo-extractivism in Latin America. It discusses the critical concepts of neo-extractivism and the commodity consensus and the various phases of socio-environmental conflict, proposing an eco-territorial approach that uncovers the escalation of extractive violence. It also presents horizontal concepts and debates theories that explore the language of Latin American socio-environmental movements, such as Buen Vivir and Derechos de la Naturaleza. In concluding, it proposes an explanation for the end of the progressive era, analyzing its ambiguities and limitations in the dawn of a new political cycle marked by the strengthening of the political rights.

"This book analyzes Latin American regional integration with a novel conceptual approach grounded in extensive field research. Using the UNASUR (Unión de Naciones Suramericanas) as a case study, the author investigates the process of policy-making in regional public policy fields in South America. The project focuses on intergovernmental structures of regional organizations as an institutional framework for a variety of independent processes in regions. It also challenges the perspective of democratic states as unitary actors and seeks to analyze the factors which favor or obstruct regional processes in different policy-fields. This work will appeal to researchers, graduate students and anyone interested in Latin American politics and policy-making. Anne Marie Hoffmann is Deputy Head at Research and Transfer Centre "Sustainability and Climate Change Management" in Hamburg, Germany"--Publisher's description.

Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- Overview -- The Productivity of LAC Cities Is Slightly above Average but below the Global Frontier -- What These Findings Might Mean for Policy -- Annex OA: Productivity Measures Used in the Book to Assess LAC Cities -- Annex OB: The Need for Policy -- Notes -- References -- Part I. Urbanization and Productivity in Latin America and the Caribbean -- Chapter 1. Urbanization, Economic Development, and Structural Transformation -- Introduction -- The Origins of Cities in Latin America and the Caribbean -- Urbanization in the LAC Region and the Rest of the World: Discrepancies between Consistent and Official Measures -- Urbanization, Economic Development, and Structural Transformation: How Does the LAC Region's Performance Stack Up? -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2. The Many Dimensions of Urbanization and the Productivity of Cities in Latin America and the Caribbean -- Introduction -- Defining a Global Data Set of Urban Areas -- Urban Areas in the LAC Region Are More Densely Populated Than Those Elsewhere -- A Significant Share of Latin America and the Caribbean's Urban Population Lives in Large MCAs -- A Third of LAC Countries Analyzed Suffer from Potentially Excessive Primacy -- Implications for National Productivity: Density and MCAs Matter, but Urban Primacy Does Not -- International Benchmarking of LAC Urban Areas' Productivity: Better Than Average, but Lagging the Global Frontier -- Productivity is Highly Dispersed across LAC Urban Areas -- Conclusions -- Annex 2A: List of Comparator Countries for Each LAC Country -- Annex 2B: Statistical Tests of Differences in Population, Area, and Population Density between LAC Countries and Their Comparators -- Annex 2C: List of Multicity Agglomerations in the LAC Region

In the United States, income inequality has increased significantly. For decades, wage growth has been especially slow for the middle class, whereas the top 10% of earners has benefitted the most from the economic upswing. The same is true for distribution of wealth. According to an analysis by the Pew Research Center, the wealth gap between America's upper-income and lower-income families has reached its highest level. There are not only disparities between regions of the United States, but also huge differences within American cities themselves that are often caused by urban governance and housing policies. All this is true for Canada and other countries of the Americas as well, but to differing degrees. The essays collected in this book address inequality in America from a variety of perspectives, ranging from literary and cultural studies, sociology, economics, political science, history, geography, as well as museum studies

In a clear break from its past, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), particularly South America, experienced a growth spurt with equity during the first decade of the 21st century. One policy area that has moved back to center stage is regional integration. Indeed, since at least the 1960s, LAC has experimented with various forms of regional integration with the hope that fostering regional economic ties can yield the type of economic success that the region has long sought. The current push toward regional integration has been influenced by the success of the East Asia and Pacific (EAP) region, where intraregional trade, exports to the rest of the world, and incomes have risen together as the region continues to catch up to the income levels of the United States. The goal of leveraging formal trade arrangements to accelerate growth is evident in many of the trade agreements that are in place in the region. This report revisits the concept of OR and presents evidence supporting the idea that a revitalized OR strategy can contribute to growth with stability by exploiting the complementarities between regional and global economic integration. It presents a five pronged strategy, including: (i) reducing external most-favored-nation (MFN) tariffs; (ii) deepening economic integration between South America and Central and North America; (iii) harmonizing rules and procedures governing the exchange of goods, services, and factors of production; (iv) stepping up efforts to reduce LAC's high trade costs; and (v) integrating labor and capital markets in the Americas. The report draws upon two prominent strands of economic theory. The first is the idea that the gains from trade depend on differences between countries. The second is the idea that trade facilitates learning, either through the experience of exporting or from the exposure to new products and ideas that are embodied in imports

Preface -- Introduction: taking up residency : spatial reconfigurations and the struggle to belong in urban Latin America / Christien Klaufus -- The Latin American context -- The consolidation of the Latin American city and the changing bases for social order / Bryan R. Roberts -- Proximity, crime, politics and design : Medellin's popular neighbourhoods and the experience of belonging / Gerard Martin and Marijke Martin -- Family and belonging in consolidated settlements -- Debe Ser esfuerzo propio : aspirations and belongings of the young generation in the old barriadas of southern Lima, Peru / Michaela Hordijk -- Housing inheritance and succession among pioneer squatters and self builders : a Mexican case study / Erika Denisse Grajeda -- "Favela modelo" : a study on housing, belonging and civic engagement in a "pacified" favela in Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Palloma Menezes -- Spaces of the urban middle class -- Housing policy in the city of Buenos Aires : some reflections on the programa federal / Fernando Ostuni and Jean-Louis Van Gelder -- The boom of high-rise apartment buildings in Buenos Aires : new spaces of residentiality or a motor of disintegration? / Jan Dohnke and Corinna Holzl -- Living with style in my casa geo : large-scale housing conjuntos in urban Mexico / Cristina Inclen-Valadez -- Architectural and spatial representations -- Illiterate modernists : tracking the dissemination of architectural knowledge in Brazilian favelas / Fernando Luiz Lara -- Towards belonging : design and dwelling practices in Santa Marta, Colombia / Peter Kellett -- (re)building the city of Medellin : beyond state rhetoric vs. personal experience -- a call for consolidated synergies / Jota (Jos) Samper and Tamera Marko -- Reflections -- Home and belonging : reflections from urban Mexico / Ann Varley -- One block at a time : performing the neighbourhood / Arij Ouweneel -- List of contributors -- Index.

The world economy is not what it used to be twenty years ago. For most of the 20th century, the world economy was characterized by developed (North) countries acting as 'center' to a 'periphery' of developing (South) countries. However, the recent rise of developing economies suggests the need to go beyond this North-South dichotomy. This tectonic re-configuration of the global landscape has brought about significant changes to countries in the Latin America and Caribean (LAC) region. The time is ripe for an in-depth analysis of the dynamics and nature of LAC's external connections.This latest

The book deals with cases about the impact of, and interaction between, the different Latin American cultural, economic, legal, and political settings on activities, strategies, structures and decision-making processes of MNCs. The cases focus on business processes, settings and organizational behavior in Latin America

Als Knotenpunkt sich kreuzender Bewegungen und unzaehliger Kontakte stellt bereits der Flughafen Las Americas einen Ort transarealer Vernetzungen dar. Dem hemisphaerischen Verflechtungsraum widmete sich eine Ringvorlesung an der Universitaet Trier, deren Beitraege der Forschung zum Konzept einer transarealen America Romana weitere Konturen verleihen sowie dessen Anschlussfaehigkeit und Vernetzungspotential herausstellen.

"Before the revolution, the Chesapeake made up one of the most prosperous and politically important regions in the mainland colonies. This book lays out the origins of, the source of earliest material success (tobacco exports) in, social developments in, and growing disparities and jealousies between the two 'sisters' of the Chesapeake: Virginia and Maryland. No one before has attempted this kind of twin 'biography,' and yet it helps enormously to see these two colonies and their growth in the same viewfinder. Protestant Virginia, the larger colony, claiming far reaches of North America, eventually believed itself the rightful leader in colonial politics, especially in resistance to Parliamentary violations of cherished liberties. Catholic-Protestant Maryland, a proprietary province, more diverse and ambitious in its own ways, soon developed along its own economic path and kept a watchful eye on the older sister while complaining also of Calvert-family restrictions and privileges. Differences aside, these colonies 'invented' staple-crop agriculture and African-American slavery in the mainland colonies. They thus contributed heavily to the formation of American interests and character"--

Most non-Central Americans think of the narrow neck between Mexico and Colombia in terms of dramatic past revolutions and lauded peace agreements, or sensational problems of gang violence and natural disasters. In this volume, the contributors examine regional circumstances within frames of democratization and neoliberalism, as they shape lived experiences of transition. The authors-anthropologists and social scientists from the United States, Europe, and Central America-argue that the process of regions and nations "disappearing" (being erased from geopolitical notice) is integral to upholdin

Scholarship related to environmental questions in Latin America has only recently begun to coalesce around citizenship as both an empirical site of inquiry and an analytical frame of reference. This has led to a series of new insights and perspectives, but few efforts have been made to bring these various approaches into a sustained conversation across different social, temporal and geographic contexts. This volume is the result of a collaborative endeavour to advance debates on environmental citizenship, while simultaneously and systematically addressing broader theoretical and methodological questions related to the particularities of studying environment and citizenship in Latin America. Providing a window onto leading scholarship in the field, the book also sets an ambitious agenda to spark further research