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Global surveys indicate that massive disillusionment with economic globalisation, upheld by the liberal order, which is ignored by governments in European, Asian and Latin American countries, has paved the way for the ascent of nationalist forces. This trend is also visible in Indonesia. President Joko Widodo (Jokowi) has consolidated power against opponents who exploit nationalist, populist and religious causes. On the international front, Jakarta has been actively engaged within a variety of multilateral organisations where liberal institutionalist agendas are enforced. Therefore, it is worthwhile considering the influence of internal and external environments on Jokowi's economic policy which is getting increasingly nationalistic. This article argues that nationalist economic practices have emerged as the Jokowi government's response to domestic and international challenges which can have an impact on its perceived legitimacy. The discussion proceeds in five steps. To begin, this article presents a comparative perspective to understand the position of Indonesia in the developing international political economic context. This is followed by an overview of the definition of economic nationalism and its connections to domestic politics and foreign relations. The third section is about the Indonesian government's efforts to put economic nationalism into effect. The next two parts investigate how the inside and outside dynamics generate Jokowi's inward-looking policies. The conclusion emphasises what can be learnt from the Indonesian case.

This study addresses the two-fold question of whether the integration-liberalization process of ASEAN is headed towards the creation of a single production base region, and how ASEAN links with other trade blocks. It looks into the degree of intra-ASEAN and extra-ASEAN vertical integration vis-à-vis North America, East Asia, and the European Union through the measurement of value-added creation-absorption in global value chains (GVC) and by locating ASEAN within vertical structures. The study employs an international input-output database and breaks up gross exports into different components of value-added using data from 1997, 2004, and 2012. ASEAN has made significant gains in integrating with East Asia. However, ASEAN as a single production region has gained little, and even lost share in value-added trade with NAFTA and Europe. The truth is that ASEAN has a stronger role across the GVC as a supplier of intermediate goods (33%) than as a supplier of final goods (30%). Vertical structures represent more than 43% of ASEAN gross exports, but it still depends on foreign parts and components (35%) to produce its exports. It may be argued that ASEAN + 6, which entails a wider scope of integration, might offer larger benefits to the ASEAN project.

AbstractThis article argues that MIKTA (Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, Turkey, and Australia) are middle, regional, and constructive powers that can serve as providers of global governance in the international system. It argues that in order for MIKTA countries to serve as middle, regional, and constructive powers, they need to consolidate the support of all relevant State and non-State actors in their countries, allowing MIKTA to become a relevant mechanism to promote and generate public goods in the international system, specially global governance. Mexico is the second largest economy in Latin America. Mexico is today an actor with global responsibility and obligatory reference. A country with that weight must play in new boards and MIKTA, constituting and innovative alliance with key non-traditional partners, is a strategic space to expand the scope of Mexican foreign policy. Keywords : MIKTA, middle powers, foreign policy, Mexico

Nuclear deal between Iran and the West has recently brought a significant impact on changing political map of the Middle East region. Many parties assumed that the nuclear agreement initiated by the United States is part of the scenario to keep the Middle East remained stable. For the past five years America was so overwhelmed in facing threats either by state actors or non-state. At least with the achievement of the Iranian nuclear deal America can be free from a potential direct threat of nuclear weapons. However, this step is not fully run smoothly because the negotiation was challenged by the US strategic ally, Saudi Arabia and Israel, both criticized the policy of the White House as an error. Behind security considerations, economic factor also played significant role in sealing the deal. What are the main reasons and dynamics behind the deal? This paper intends to review these dynamics by elaborating prominent reports and research findings.

AbstrakArtikel ini memberikan informasi mengenai kebebasan dan hak pilih khususnya tentangkebebasan dan hak pilih wanita. Hak pilih adalah sesuatu yang diberikan kepada orang untukmemilih kepala negaranya. Hak pilih wanita di Amerika Serikat telah melewati perkembangansejarah yang panjang, diperlukan adanya sebuah pergerakan sosial agar wanita dapat memilikihak pilihnya dalam pemilihan di negara tersebut. Pada awal mula pemilihan di Amerika Serikat,hak pilih diberikan kepada lelaki berkulit putih yang memiliki kekuasaan dan kekayaan. Pendirinegara tersebut berpikir bahwa hak pilih seharusnya diberikan kepada mereka yang dapatmemimpin dirinya sendiri, wanita tidak termasuk ke dalam kriteria tersebut. Pergerakan inimembawa sebuah perubahan pada pemerintahan di Amerika Serikat. Amandemen ke sembilanbelas menyatakan bahwa wanita memiliki hak pilihnya dalam pemilihan di Amerika Serikat. Kata-kata Kunci : Hak pilih wanita, sejarah pergerakan, demokrasi liberal, pemilihanumum, dan Amerika Serikat AbstractThe aim of this article is to give an information about freedom and suffrage especially aboutwoman freedom and suffrage. Suffrage is something that is given to the people to vote for theirleader of the state. Woman suffrage in United State America have been through a long history,where a social movement for women's suffrage in elections in the United States was required. Atthe begining of the election history in the United States the right to vote was given to the whitemen who have abundant wealth. The founders of the state assume that voting right should begiven to those who can lead theirselves, and women were excluded from that criteria. Thismovement resulted in the change of the Government of the United States. The nineteenthamendment to the constitution states that women have the right to vote in elections. Keywords: woman suffrage, history movement, demokrasi liberal, pemilihan umum, UnitedState of America