Suchergebnisse

Abstracts of papers & Round-Table discussions presented at the 1964 meeting of AAPOR, & Ed by Richard H. Baxter, are offered as follows: (1) Comparative Public Opinion, presenting 2 papers, Philip E. Converse, Chairman (Chr); (2) Local Politics and Local-Issue Surveys, including 2 papers, Dwaine Marvick, Chr; (3) New Perspectives in Research Methods: Presentation and Critique, containing 2 papers & a Comment, Eric Marder, Chr; (4) The Negro Revolution, with 3 papers, Raymond Wolfinger, Chr; (5) Survey Analysis: A Glimpse of the Future, containing 3 papers, David Gold, Chr; (6) The Impact of the Kennedy Assassination on Behavior and Opinions, containing 3 papers, Elmo C. Wilson, Chr; (7) Controversial Issues in Mass Communication, including 3 papers, Joseph T. Klapper, Chr; & (8) Survey Research on Contemporary Issues, offering 4 papers, Robert O. Carlson, Chr. Round Tables include: (1) The Reliability of Interview Data in Health Surveys, William L. Nicholls, Jr., (2) Cigarette Smoking and the American Public, Ira H. Cisin, Chr; & (3) Mass Communications Research in the Service of the Public, Harold Mendelsohn, Chr. Included also is a Round Table on Books; a Special Session on Problems of Standards and Ethics in the Profession, Jack Elinson, Chr; a brief account of the AAPOR business meeting; & Resolution for Interpreting and Implementing the AAPOR Code of Professional Ethics & Practices.

Reviews, "American Democracy in an Age of Rising Inequality," a report issued by the American Political Science Assoc's Task Force on Inequality & American Democracy that was formed in the fall of 2002. It is concluded that American ideals of equal citizenship & responsive government are threatened by both growing disparities of income, wealth, & access to opportunity, & persistent gaps between races & ethnic groups. Although racial & gender barriers have decreased, the distance has grown between the poor & the rest of society, as well as between professionals/managers & the middle strata of white-&-blue-collar employees. The distribution of income & wealth in 1998 is pointed out, along with changes in disparities in the growth of family income since 1947; & differences in political participation between high- & low-income groups that have led to a highly unequal political playing field. The implications for democratic government & the tradition of political science are discussed. 2 Tables, 3 Figures, 98 References. J. Lindroth

THIS PAPER ATTEMPTS TO UNDERSTAND THE MAIN LINES OF EMPHASIS IN THE RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF INSTITUTIONS CONCERNED WITH HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION AND RESEARCH IN LATIN AMERICA. A SOUNDLY BASED IDEA OF WHAT IS MEANT BY "EDUCATION" IS NECESSARY, AS WELL AS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE PARTICULAR SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXT IN LATIN AMERICA.

Since March 2010, when U.S. President Barack Obama signed the Affordable Care Act into law, the ACA has been at the center of American politics. Tea Party activists and their allies in the Republican Party have tried to stymie the law at nearly every turn. The Republican-controlled House of Representatives has voted more than 40 times in favor of repealing or defunding it, and last October the House allowed a partial shutdown of the federal government in an attempt to block or delay the law. The controversy surrounding the ACA shows no sign of ending anytime soon. Adapted from the source document.

Less than a decade ago, the future of American energy looked bleak. Domestic production of both oil and gas was dwindling, and big U.S. energy companies, believing their fortunes lay offshore, had long since turned away from the mainland. But then something remarkable occurred: a surge of innovation allowed companies to extract vast quantities of natural gas trapped in once-inaccessible deposits of shale. The resulting abundance drove down U.S. gas prices to about one-third of the global average. Adapted from the source document.

A review essay covering a book by Marie Arana, Bolivar: American Liberator (2013).

Comparative constitutional studies rank the US president as relatively weak and most Latin American presidents as strong. However, specialized studies suggest that US presidents have great abilities to implement their agendas. We argue that presidents with weak formal powers "reinforce" their ability to impose an agenda (scope), as well as their ability to make those decisions stick (force). These reinforced powers, however, have diminishing returns as formal powers rise. As a result, the sum of presidential powers ranges from high (the US) to very high (Latin America). Adapted from the source document.

In recent years, South America has witnessed a large increase in arms purchases. Nonetheless, there are important intraregional differences in terms of the allocation of resources for weapons acquisitions. How can we account for these disparities? Mainstream literature suggests that levels of arms importation depend on either the size of the defense budget or the perception of threat. In contrast, this article contends that the level of spending on arms is mainly determined by: (a) the expansive or nonexpansive nature of the strategic assessment of defense, (b) the available resources allocated by the defense budget, and (c) the level of political attention to defense issues. Thus, the aim of this article is to account for and assess the determinants of the different levels of arms importation in South America from 2000 to 2011. Adapted from the source document.

This article applies the debate on the recent emergence of outsider candidates in Latin America to independent presidential candidate Marco Enriquez-Ominami (ME-O) in Chile in 2009. We test five competing hypotheses to explain his electoral success. First, his support is explained by the consolidation of democracy, reflected by the disposition of voters to disregard the authoritarian/democratic-aligned candidates. Second, his support is explained by the decline of ideological identification, reflected by the disposition of voters to prefer nontraditional candidates. Third, his support is explained by the resurgence of the Left, reflected by the disposition of voters to identify with anti-Washington Consensus candidates. Fourth, his support is explained by the demand for quick government action, reflected in the predisposition of voters to consider candidates who will solve problems fast even if they do not ask voters for their opinions. Fifth, his support is explained by the declining support for established parties, reflected by the predisposition of voters to favor antisystemic candidates. We use survey data to test these hypotheses. We find no evidence to support the claims that ME-O fits any of the explanations. Though he was widely referred to as an outsider, his success seems to respond to national affairs rather than to a regional pattern. Adapted from the source document.

Debates about the proper role and size of government dominated the 2012 US presidential election. Pres Barack Obama; his Republican rival, Mitt Romney; and their surrogates relentlessly sparred over who should pay what taxes, who should get what benefits, and how Washington should manage major sectors of life, such as health care and education. What neither side made clear was how the US stacks up against other developed countries. As other countries embraced big government and generous social policies in the middle of the twentieth century, the common wisdom goes, the US sought a relatively small welfare state. And for partisans on both sides of the aisle, one of the key issues up for grabs on November 6 was whether such American exceptionalism would persist or fade away. The US does tax less and spend less on social programs than most of the rich democracies with which it is usually compared. Adapted from the source document.

This study discusses basic trends in articles on legislative politics in Latin America published in twelve journals between 2000 and 2010. It examines the distribution of the articles over time and by journal, the authors' institutional affiliations and patterns of collaboration, the frequency with which various countries are studied, and common approaches and topics. The articles in this set are all peer-reviewed and published in English. Adapted from the source document.

A pair of books by Charles Mann describe life in the Americas before and after Columbus linked the hemispheres and kicked off the first era of globalization. It turns out that the New World was far more technologically advanced than subsequent generations have realized, with plenty to teach the Old -- especially about how to simultaneously exploit and preserve key natural resources. Adapted from the source document.