Suchergebnisse

In this paper, we defend that euronorcentric theories of modernity which pursuit the philosophical-sociological reconstruction of the process of the Western modernization (or European, or the evolutionary-constitutive pattern of development of the contemporary industrialized societies) are characterized for a historical-sociological blindness which is marked by three basic points: (a) the understanding of the Western modernization as a self-referential, self-subsistent, self-sufficient, endogenous and autonomous process of development, so that there would be modernity as rationalization and all the rest as traditionalism, position that, on the other hand, does not prevent the theories of modernity of correlating modernity-modernization, rationalization, universalism and human evolution; (b) the separation between cultural modernity and social-economic modernization, the first as a sphere purely normative, and the second as a sphere basically instrumental, logical-technical, with the purpose of saving a normative concept of epistemological-moral universalism which is the cultural modernity itself; and (c), as condition of that philosophical-sociological reconstruction, the erasing, the deletion and the silencing about the colonialism as a consequence of the development of the Western modernization as a whole. We argue that a Latin-American decolonial praxis has in the denounce, unveiling and deconstruction of this historical-sociological blindness assumed by euronorcentric theories of modernity in their reconstruction of the process of the Western modernization its fundamental epistemological-political starting point to become itself an alternative to the modernity's normative paradigm, to ground its (Latin-American) philosophical-sociological discourse about Western modernization and its correlation with colonialism.

With this paper, we aim to discuss the movie American Beauty under the light of the Hegelian philosophy or, more specifically, of the so-called dialectic of the master and the slave. To accomplish this task, we divided our text into three moments: 1. We analyze some aspects relating to how the relationship among one's consciousnesses of oneself is established in life, creating dominance (lord) and subordination (slave) relations in intersubjectivity relations. The contrast between the two elements determines that, in order to achieve recognition, a consciousness must subdue the other according to its will, that is, one will is recognized (that of the master) whereas the other is the recognizer (that of the slave). 2. We present central elements of the film as the background for our analysis. 3. We critically discuss the film based on the conceptual elements presented in item one, demonstrating to what extent the film can be understood as an attempt by the protagonist to overcome the total indifferentiation, to establish a life and death struggle, and finally to be recognized in his desires.

Este artigo tem por objetivo contribuir na ampliação das discussões atualmente presentes no campo acadêmico referentes à utilização de novas mediações tecnológicas de informação e de comunicação para educação. Mais especificamente, apresentará as principais discussões e levantamentos presentes no campo da educação online (online instruction), a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica recente das produções canadense e norte-americana. Além disso, tem como objetivo estabelecer diálogo com a literatura brasileira e com experiência recente e de grande impacto no estado de São Paulo, nesta área de conhecimento, ao apresentar um programa de formação inicial de professores que utiliza as chamadas novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC) e que se realiza com a participação de universidades brasileiras de grande influência.

Revisionism of relations with the United States and its variables in progressive governments in South America. This paper Identifies and analyzes the different types of revisionist politics, and its levels, developed by progressive governments in South America toward the United States over the past 13 years. For such, it uses as starting points concepts that are fundamental for better understanding the behavior of South American countries in relation with the great power: 'peripheral revisionism,' by Cesar Guimaraes, and 'autonomous confrontation' and 'antagonistic confrontation,' both by Hello Jaguarlbe. From the developments of these concepts, a theoretical model was developed with different types of peripheral revisionisms, which allowed for fine-tuning the classifications of foreign policies in the period. Adapted from the source document.

The aim of this article is to analyze the current dynamics of South American integration and the role played by Brazil in the region. The formation of Unasur evidences the projection of new themes and issues in regional cooperation, among which, the dimensions of security, infrastructure and financing. The projection of these issues opens up the possibility of change in historical dilemmas of cooperation and integration in South America and can offer new indications about the direction Brazilian foreign policy seeks to confer on regional integration. We intend to examine whether the sense of cooperation in South America has changed with the formation of Unasur, and to what extent it is possible to build a regional integration process that aims to strengthen national autonomy. Adapted from the source document.

We analyze the combined methodology developed by the South-American Defense Council (SDC) for assessing Defense expenditures. We examine its backgrounds, its limitations, its innovations and the profile of Defense budget expenditure. In this region, up to 60% of total Defense budget was allocated to personnel and their social security payroll; on the other hand, research and technology were allocated only 0.5%. From the results, we defend the modernization of both Armed Forces and Defense Ministries in South America, specially a sensible equalization of their expenditure by subject, as a requisite for increasing the sector's budget. Adapted from the source document.

We have analyzed the political legitimacy of democracy in Latin America with Latinobarometro's data, which is a survey about attitudes and values that has been applied annually since 1996 in 18 countries of the region, in two axes: one methodological and the other theoretical. On the one hand, we contribute to the empirical validation of the concept and its differents operationalizations, while aligning our results to the wider debate. And, in the theoretical field, our results allow us to broaden the debate on the relationship between legitimacy and democratic stability.

The article analyzes the evolution of regionalism in Latin America from the 1990s. It exhibits the options that consider to the countries in their foreign policies against the initiatives of the United States and the changes in the international system. One sets out the functional importance of the emergent powers (PEMS) and the regions in the present phase of Capitalism. Finally, the article analyzes the perspective of regionalism in Latin America as much in the international system as in the construction of a regional model of governance. Adapted from the source document.

This article analyses Brazilian foreign policy focusing on relations with the United States of America and South America. It develops the three pillars of the new foreign policy of Brazil: democracy (where national interests become more transparent and new actors emerge in the international relations of Brazil), regional integration (that starts with Mercosul, follows with the new processes of physical integration and ends, currently, with Unasul) and its relation of interdependence with globalization (reflected in the economic outputs of the country). Adapted from the source document.

The aim of this article is to analyze Brazil's foreign policy towards the South American region during President Lula's administration. As such, the article intends to highlight two specific dimensions: the extent to which foreign policy during this period has differed from previous periods and the relative importance granted by Brazilian diplomacy to recent cooperation and integration efforts, more specifically the Unasur and Mercosur. The article argues that the Lula administration has behaved differently from its predecessors by prioritizing the building up of Brazilian leadership in South America on several different fronts, especially by strengthening multilateral institutions in the region. Adapted from the source document.

This article intends to show that the South America construction came from a concept reinvention. It is used in the speech and practice of Brazilian diplomacy and is based on elements related to hegemony, leadership, hispanic and latin-american identity. The text tracks the idea of South America since its intellectual origins until its institucionalization in regional political and diplomatic arrangements. Adapted from the source document.

More than 200 years ago, a French ex-soldier, who after the French-English war found himself in New York, reflected on the nature & identity of the new country & asked "Who is the American, then, this new man?" This article considers what Samuel Huntington had to say on this question in his last book. Who Are We? The Challenges to America's National Identity (2004). Adapted from the source document.