Suchergebnisse

Анализируется сборник научных трудов к 60-летию доктора исторических наук, профессора, заведующего кафедрой русской истории (ХIХ–ХХI вв.) РГПУ им. А.И. Герцена А.Б. Николаева. В статьях сборника показан его вклад в изучение роли Государственной думы в Февральской революции и конструировании новой власти. Отмечается научно-организаторская роль А.Б. Николаева, прежде всего в организации ежегодных научных конференций по истории российского парламентаризма «Таврические чтения». Подчеркивается значение рецензируемого сборника с историографической и источниковедческой точки зрения. Показано, что в сборнике, с одной стороны, отражено развитие историографической мысли по одной из важнейших проблем Великой российской революции 1917 г. – роли Государственной думы в революционных событиях, с другой – в целом ряде статей вводятся в научный оборот новые материалы по политической истории России начала ХХ в.
The review analyzes the collection of papers dedicated to the 60th anniversary of Andrei B. Nikolaev, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Russian History (19th – 21st Centuries) of Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia. The articles in the collection highlight A. Nikolaev's contribution to the study of the State Duma's role in the February Revolution and in the construction of new authority. Scientific and organizational role of A. Nikolaev, primarily, in the Tauride Readings, an annual scientific conference on the history of Russian parliamentarism, is pointed out. The importance of the collection under review is emphasized from the point of view of historiography and source study. It has been shown that, on the one hand, the collection reflects the development of historiographical thought concerning the role of the State Duma in revolutionary events, one of the most important issues of the Great Russian Revolution of 1917. On the other hand, new materials on political history of Russia in the early 20th century are introduced into scientific circulation in a number of articles of the collection under review.

This essay presents a description of the scholarly events commemorating the 20th anniversary of the journal "Solovyov Studies". It gives an overview of the exhibition "20 years of the journal "Solovyov Studies": 2001–2021," prepared by the editorial board of the journal together with the Library of the ISPU. It highlights a variety of the sections of the exposition and the materials presented, reflecting the development of the journal over two decades, the composition of its editorial board, including authoritative experts from Russia, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, the United States of America, Ukraine, and France. The reader's attention is drawn to the information about the journal's position in various ratings schemes, both domestic and foreign, and citation indices, the share of publications by foreign authors and their geographical location, as well as the number of journal-views over the past five years. The article shows the role of scientific communications in the development of the journal, Information is given on the participation of the editorial board in international scientific events, on publications devoted to the journal and its presentations in Russian and foreign publications, universities and research centers. The article describes the Solovyov seminar's cultural and student projects, which received substantial content and information support from "Solovyov Studies". The level of interest of the scientific community in the journal is also noted.

The article examines four Russian translations of Thackeray's Vanity Fair: the early translation by Irinarkh Vvedenskii; the translations made by V. Stein and L. Gay at the turn of the century, and the translation by Mikhail Dyakonov published in 1933-1934. The latter, canonical for Russian culture, was published with a commentary by Gustav Speth in the Academiapublishing house. Different translation strategies are discussed: first, Vvedenskii's strategy of coauthorship with the translated author, which is sometimes at odds with the intonation of the original. Secondly, Shtein's and Gay's aspiration to translate an acknowledged classic 'word for word', resulting in obscure expressions and syntactic structures. And finally, Dyakonov's foreignizing, philologically accurate approach. As can be seen on the material of Dyakonov's letters to the proofreaders of Academia, syntactically and phonetically foreignizing translation is his conscious strategy. It is noted that the corrections made by the editors M. Lorie and R. Galperina in 1953 and 1968 are mostly insignificant: they incorporate stylistic equivalents, strive for syntactic simplicity and remove ambiguity of certain expressions; besides, Lorie translates charactonyms in a later edition. The article also focuses on Shpet's scholarly commentary, which has not been republished since his arrest in 1937. Unlike footnotes in later editions, Speth's commentary primarily clarifies the function of a particular detail. The analysis demonstrates that Dyakonov's translation method and Speth's approach to the commentary require intellectual effort from the reader and are aimed at a deep understanding of English culture.

Dmitrij Nikolaevich Ushakov (1873-1942) was an outstanding linguist and teacher whose life was closely connected with Moscow University. The main attention is paid to the pedagogical activity of the scholar, primarily his work at Moscow University, where he taught since 1907, first as a privat-doсent, and since 1918 as a professor. The courses that D.N. Ushakov taught are listed, it is indicated that he introduced the course "Modern Russian Language" into teaching practice. Fragments of students' memories describing the professor's teaching style are given. D.N. Ushakov brought up a whole galaxy of outstanding linguists who were proud of the nickname "Ushakov's boys". The article characterizes the personality of the scholar, his scientific and organizational activities in the field of dialectology, orthoepy, orthography, in the formation and development of which he made a significant contribution. The main attention is paid to lexicographic activity, since for non-specialists the surname Ushakov is primarily associated with Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language. The article briefly describes the work on the never-created Reference Illustrated Dictionary of the Russian Living Literary Language, the experience of working on which was useful to D.N. Ushakov when working on the well-known dictionary.

The article deals with the study of Greater Paris in the context of changing paradigm of the development of a large city under the transnationalization of world economy and the process of globalization. The contribution of A.E. Sluka, Professor of the Moscow University, Honorary Member of the Russian Geographical Society, who created a "dynamic" portrait of the French capital of the second half of the twentieth - early twenty-first centuries on the basis of the synthetic approaches and revealed the main features of its socio-economic geography, is evaluated. The article analyzes shifts in the functional structure of the metropolis during the transition to the "international city" model as a result of the implementation of the decentralization and dein-dustrialization policy. The scientist's ideas on studying the competencies of the city as a corporate center and in the context of practices of the largest agglomerations of the world are being developed. GIS technologies are applied to describe the specific features of Greater Paris as a location of the country's largest TNCs and the acceptor of branches of foreign companies. The multidisciplinary nature of large national business is revealed, which contributes to the development of interfirm cooperation and serves as an additional resource for the competitiveness of the city. The sectoral structure of foreign corporate segment of its economy is dominated by companies in the material sphere of production (mechanical engineering, chemical and food industries), while the geographical structure is dominated by the US TNCs. There is a consolidated placement of local and foreign companies mainly in three functionally different clusters (within the historical core, the Defense district and Paris-Saclay). Based on the materials of international statistics and ratings of cities, the modern place of Greater Paris among the "world capitals" is considered applying the comparative geographical method. Most ratings include it in the top-5 cities of the planet and characterize it as a multifunctional center of global importance, permanently expanding the scope of its competencies. Being inferior in absolute value of the main economic resources, innovative and environmental indicators, it is ahead of many largest agglomerations of the world in terms of the scope of economic and political influence, information exchange and cultural interaction, as well as the quality of life; it is well-known by specific creative industries. When analyzing the image of the French capital on the basis of sociological surveys, the stability of its "global attractiveness" is noted due to the resources of symbolic capital, which plays an increasingly important role in the information society.

The article describes the scientific and state-political activity of S. Yu. Glaziev. What is emphasized is what he succeeded as a scientist-economist, working out the key problems of the development strategy of Russia and Eurasian economic integration, as well as in the qualities of a Russian minister, a deputy of the State Duma and chairman of the Duma committee on economic policy and entrepreneurship, adviser to the head of state and minister of the Eurasian Ec onomic Commission.

Economic categories in civil and business law are quite common. However, over the years, disputes have not subsided about whether these categories should be present in law, how these categories should be reflected in the rules of law, whether they should fully reflect the economic essence of these categories, and most importantly, whether economic categories serve as the basis for making legal decisions. The article brought to the attention of readers reflects the position of the largest scientists in the field of civil law and business law on the issues under consideration: Doctor of Law, Professor Korneev S. M., Doctor of Law, Professor Gribanov V. P., Doctor of Law, Professor Bykov A. G., Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Laptev V. V. and other famous lawyers. Such economic categories as fixed and circulating assets, fixed and circulating assets, depreciation deductions, cost accounting, state property as an economic and legal category, enterprise, economic mechanism and others are considered. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between economics and law, the impact of economics on law and law on the economy. Attention is drawn to the close relationship between economics and law with the social factors of modern society.

The article is based on the introductory speech of academician M. K. Gorshkov at the opening of the International scientific conference "the Future of Sociological Knowledge and Challenges of Social Transformations" (November 28-30, 2019). The event was dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of the honorary doctor of the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences V.A. Yadov. The event was held in the building of Russian Academy of Sciences with financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation. During the conference, relevant problems and challenges of sociology were discussed. The projects of the future society and sociology in Russia were presented. The focus was on social transformations, in particular transformations in the sphere of labor and social identities.

A. de Montchretien is known mainly by the fact that in 1615 coined the term «political economy», which became the name of science. The purpose of this publication is to consider what the author puts in this concept. At this angle the first time in the domestic literature was analyzed «Treatise on political economy» by A. de Montchretien (used the publication of 1889 in the edition T. Funk-Brentano). The article shows that Montchretien uses the phrase «political economy» for the presentation of a set of rules of economic activity across the state. The ideal of Montchretien – economically active people, honest and hardworking and the country, similar to a well-managed company. In his treatise the author tries to answer the main questions of political economy – what is national wealth, where is its source and what are the methods to increase it? An analysis of his book leads to the conclusion that he came to an understanding of wealth as a natural product created by labor. This allows to put Montchretien between mercantilists and economists of the classical school of political economy.

The article summarizes the results of the editorial Board of the journal "Scientific thought of the Caucasus", founded in 1995 by Yu.A. Zhdanov, reveals the role of the journal as an intellectual platform for the integration of scientific forces and the presentation of scientific achievements in the field of fundamental scientific research, identifies promising areas in the digital age.

The author analyzes the views of the famous philosopher, sociologist and politician Petr Struve, whose ideas have enduring relevance in view of the problems of maintaining state unity and developing both culture and national identity. The main object of this research is Struve's views on the essence of the state and national culture and on their role in the life of Russia. It is indicated that the position of the thinker presupposed a certain historiosophy – an interpretation of history as a process of development of spiritual culture. The features of Peter Struve's liberal-conservatism and his understanding of the state as a "collective personality", possessing a "superintelligent" nature are considered. The philosopher's approach, which aimed at analyzing the seamless connection between state, culture and nationality is analyzed. The author considers how the thinker interpreted the essence of nationality and nationalism, as well as criticized the radical intelligentsia's "official nationalism" and "absence of a feeling of national belonging". She examines the philosopher's views on the outstanding role of the state in Russian history and his understanding of such "fatal" reasons of its destruction as the insufficient involvement of the cultivated elements of the nobility in the ruling of the state as well as the belated abolition of serfdom law. The author also explains Struve's views on the slogan of class struggle as decisively contributing to the cultural decomposition of the nation and to undermining the unity of the state. She also addresses the views of P.B. Struve, G.P. Fedotov and S.L. Frank concerning the reasons why the sense of national identity was weak in Russia. She concludes that, according to Struve, one of the reasons for the revolutionary radical upheavals in the country was the fact that the radical intelligentsia sowed in the broad masses of the people the ideological poison of "anti-state rebellion" and the "spirit of Bolshevism". This contributed to a weak demand for national-state ideals and liberal-conservative ideas.

The article offers a survey of some of the ideas of Karl Marx in the context of the subsequent development of the new institutional economic theory in the 20th - early 21st centuries. It discusses various aspects of the unity of the historical and the logical in Marx's Capital in the light of various ways of combining the historical and the theoretical in economic research, including a new economic history. The article considers the issues of the linkages between the problems of import and transplantation of institutes and the export of production relations, as well as the interaction of institutes and technologies, but in the context of the contradiction between productive forces and production relations, and possible parallels between the initial ideas of transaction costs and costs of circulation in the second volume of Marx's Capital. It discusses the fundamental question of the absolute law of capital accumulation in the context of two key aspects of institutes - coordination and distribution.

The article deals with the main milestones of the biography of Doctor of History, Professor N.V. Minaeva, who worked at the Faculty of History of Moscow Pedagogical State University for almost half a centuryin the context of the history of her family, which largely reflected the dramatic and tragic pages of the Soviet era. The author shares his impressions of communication with N.V. Minaeva, tells about her character traits, life position, her as a teacher and a scientist. For the first time, a systematic bibliography of her scientific works is provided.