Suchergebnisse

The author investigates the organizational measures of modern Ukrainian society on the way of forming an effective system of science in accordance with the requirements of civilization development. Chronological boundaries of the study - the beginning of the nineteenth century until the present. The methodological basis for the study is the theoretical concept of the cyclical development of historical phenomena in relation to the world and local cultural spaces. The research is aimed at the cultural view of the modern problem of the modernization of the institute of science within the historically formed educational and scientific spaces of Ukraine. Taking a public view of the functioning of science in society for Ukraine is to identify it organizationally with the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (UAN) was founded on November 1, 1918. The Commission was responsible for the rationale for the creation of the Academy to draft a bill on the founding of the Academy of Sciences in Kyiv. The Commission included representatives of the Ukrainian scientific elite of that time, led by V.I. Vernadsky. The main functions of the UAN were the organization and coordination of the scientific forces of the state. The history of the development of the UAN testifies to the civilization content of the strategy for the development of national science for the entire period of the twentieth century. The beginning of the XXI century declared a new system of relations in the world society. The meaningfulness of such relationships is marked by a new post-industrial society. For Ukraine, the reform of the institute of science after world shifts is becoming urgent. The modern scientific space of Ukraine can be characterized as functioning of the coordinate system "universityacademy". An appeal to the principles of scientific democracy should ensure a balance between the development of science in the university sector and academic institutions. The financial self-determination of universities has an opportunity to actualize scientific research. The University is able today to ensure the development of the humanitarian component of science, which reproduces the traditions of national culture. The academic structure needs to reload the strategy for reforming the material and technical support of research work for the branches of science, which have high ratings in the countries of the world.

The history of formation and development of pedagogical University in Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi during the last three decades have been considered in detail in the historical essay based on archival materials. There is also presented historical material about the numerous group of the local teachers and scholars. The emphasis is placed on the fact that in the modern world higher education has become a complex and multidimensional social phenom enon which is inextricably linked with the society. Society make a social order to form an educational system, and the system of higher education as a sphere of production and transfer of knowledge and social experience affects the development of society and accordingly forms it. The thesis that the newest Ukrainian state and young civil society are undergoing the collapse and breaking of undemocratic forms of social organization were argued, they found themselves in a very diffi cult situation of socio-political and civilizational self-determination. They are forced simultaneously to resolve a number of diverse tasks: to overcome the heavy burden of a totalitarian of Soviet heritage, to create a national statehood, to develop competitive development strategies in a modern globalized world. This diffi cult situation requires the search for new people (both organizers and executors) and new approaches to comprehension of the modern world, the formation and development of the latest viable theoretical (including educational) paradigms. The red thread through the essay is the thesis that just like the history is made by people, the education and science are created by the bearers of knowledge, the tireless pedagogues-ascetics, which undoubtedly are the elite and business card of the educational institution in Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi. Scientists from the University who are well-known to the general public of Ukrainian educators and who work effectively in the fi eld of history and political science, philosophy, pedagogy and psychology, philology, physical education, valeology ...

The article investigates the main directions of activity of the prominent Ukrainian lawyer of beginning of the XX century Volodymyr Starosolskyi. It is found out that the scholar's legal concept formed under the influence of the theories of Neo-Kantians, normativists, theoretical and methodological developments of S. Dnistryansky and G. Jellinek, was based on the sociological concept of law and state. The scientific works of Volodymyr Starosolskyi, his speech as a defender of Ukrainian patriots in Polish courts, pedagogical, political and military activities, speeches at numerous meetings, inspired by relevant ideas, give grounds to speak about the integrity and consistency of his legal concept.It is revealed that his university education, experience of political, military, pedagogical and legal activity made it possible to forecast events. In particular, Volodymyr Starosolskyi drew the attention of his contemporaries to the need for the creation of Ukrainian armed forces, in order to, in his words, put the force on guard of the law of Ukraine with the onset of «iron and blood» time. An important argumentation by Volodymyr Starosolskyi is the need of implementation (realization) of the right to self-determination by all the nations liberated from the domination of the Austro-Hungarian and Russian empires, and a clear and unequivocal denial of the «economic» justification of the alliance of Ukraine and Russia, which was considered an indisputable truth until recently.Developing the idea about the right of nations to self-determination, Volodymyr Starosolskyj argued that the nation could not realize its right differently than through its own statehood. Moreover, the nation cannot waive the right to self-determination, the right to its state will, as well as to J.-J. Rousseau, no one can «deny the will».As a result of the analysis, it becomes clear that the «Principle of the Majority» carries an understanding of many problems in contemporary jurisdiction, and in particular, in international law. In the above-named work, considering the different types of communities, the researcher argues that the communities, based on the «general will», make the decision by a majority vote, whereas assuming that the majority expresses this general will. Based on the concept of Volodymyr Starosolskyj, described in «Das Majoritatsprinzip», we come to the conclusion that international organizations, in particular United Nations, belong to such a type of communities, the base of which includes not the «general will», but amounts to «all wills», and therefore their decisions require unanimity.In communities, where decisions need to be unanimous, a minority, being secured to protect its interests by vetoing the proposals of the majority, should not abuse the law. If there is no unanimity, when voting, the votes are divided; the minority is provided with the right of veto, and the majority continues to seek another appropriate solution. Today this situation has developed on the international scene. In a time when Ukraine is suffering from Russian aggression, and the international community represented by its bodies created «for the maintenance of peace and international security» remain powerless before the state demonstrating the abandonment of the right as a regulator of social relations, which is impossible to force not to abuse the law when applying veto, various proposals for the exit from the crisis appear. One of them is the proposal to change the procedure for the adoption of common decisions in international organizations. However, according to the doctrine of Volodymyr Starosolskyj, the communities that representing the «will of all» (not the «general will»), which, by its legal nature, is the United Nations and its organs, has an appropriate decision-making algorithm for it. Perhaps, countries that pursue aggressive politics, ignore international law, systematically abuse the law, should in fact be devoid of membership in communities whose purpose is to «maintain peace and international security». ; Досліджено основні напрями діяльності видатного українського правника початку XX століття Володимира Старосольського. З'ясовано, що правова концепція вченого, яка фор­мувалася під впливом теорій неокантіанців, нормативістів, теоретично-методологічних напрацювань С. Дністрянського і Ґ. Єлінека, ґрунтувалися на соціологічному розумінні права і держави. Наукова, політична і педагогічна діяльність Володимира Старосольського, проникнута відповідними ідеями, дає підстави говорити про цілісність і несуперечливість його правової концепції.Виявлено, що університетська освіта, досвід політичної, військової, педагогічної та правової діяльності дали змогу прогнозувати події. Зокрема, Володимир Старосольський акцентував увагу своїх сучасників на потребу створення українських збройних сил, аби, за його словами, з настанням часу «заліза і крови» на сторожі права України поставити силу. Важливою є аргументація Володимира Старосольського щодо необхідності реалізації всіма націями, які звільнилися з-під панування імперій, права на самовизначення, а також чітке та однозначне заперечення «економічного» обґрунтування союзу України і Росії, яке ще донедавна вважалося незаперечною істиною.Використовуючи «римську» конструкцію корпорації як уособлення загальної волі, де рішення ухвалюють більшістю голосів, Володимир Старосольський проаналізував також процедуру ухвалення рішень у спільнотах, які ґрунтуються на сумі воль усіх. За своєю правовою природою нині такими спільнотами є ООН та її органи. У сучасних умовах кризи багатьох міжнародних організацій, у тім числі через дії Російської Федерації, ідеї Володи­мира Старосольського знову набувають актуальності.

The article is devoted to the history of the creation and function of Nizhyn center of Taras Shevchenko Society Ukrainian language. This paper focuses on the investigation the role of Nizhyn branch of Ukrainian language in the processes of the universal and national revival of the Ukrainian people, implementation of the state language policy, defending the legal rights of the Ukrainian language and its development. The links of the Nizhyn branch of the Society with the departments of the Ukrainian language and the Ukrainian literature of Nizhyn high school are found, measures aimed at gaining linguistic and politicalindependence of Ukraine, further development of the native language are described. Author determines measures to obtain linguistic and political independence of Ukraine and further development of the native language. The perspectives of the Nizhyn branch of the Ukrainian language society under current conditions aimed at forming a high language speech culture, adopting a new language Law and improving linguistic norms are observed. ; Статтю присвячено історії створення і діяльності Ніжинського осередку Товариства української мови імені Тараса Шевченка, окреслено рольНіжинського осередку Товариства української мови в процесах загально-духовного та національного відродження українського народу, реалізаціїдержавної мовної політики, відстоювання законних прав української мови, її розвитку та надання високого державного статусу. Висвітлено зв'язкиНіжинського осередку Товариства з кафедрами української мови та української літератури Ніжинської вищої школи, схарактеризовано заходи,спрямовані на здобуття лінгвістичної й політичної незалежності України, подальший розвиток рідної мови. Простежено перспективи діяльностіНіжинського осередку Товариства української мови в сучасних умовах, спрямовані на формування високої мовленнєвої культури мовців, наприйняття нового Закону про державну мову, нового Правопису та вдосконалення мовних норм.

The information on the history of creation and formation of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden (NBG) of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine as a research institution of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is provided. It has been shown that over the years of its existence, the NBG has achieved significant success in the basic and applied research and in environmental education. The main scientific achievements of recent years in the field of plant protection, introduction, acclimatization and selection, preservation and enrichment of biodiversity, landscaping construction, allelopathy, medical botany, biological indication and chemosystematics are covered. Scientific schools have been created in the NBG, valuable botanical collections have been collected, and the most unique collections are related to the objects of national treasure. The breeders of the NBG have received more than 365 certificates and patents for plant varieties. Eight research departments, two laboratories and two centers for the collective use of scientific instruments of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine are successfully operating. Extensive international cooperation is carried out, a number of new collection and exposition plots have been laid. The NBG celebrates the centenary of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine with significant scientific achievements that contribute to the growth of the international prestige of Ukraine as a democratic, cultural and scientifically developed European state.

In this article the life and work of of K. Adenauer as a person, politician and statesman is shown.Thanks to the discipline, perseverance from the younger years he proved himself as a successful student in high school, the best law student at Bonn University, who passed a five-year course for two and a half years. In 1906 he was accepted for the position of assistant to the mayor of the city. Cologne, who served as the taxation and tax collection. He worked with enthusiasm from morning until midnight, resulting in the following 1907 city budget has become deficit-free. In 1909 he was elected first deputy mayor, and in 1914 became oberbuhomistr of Cologne, which proved to be initiative leader of the city. On the initiative of K. Adenauer several important projects were performed.Adenauer was not in good relations with the National Socialists. Catholic, who highly appreciated Christian moral values, could not come to an understanding with them. When the National Socialist German Workers Party came to power, K. Adenauer was dismissed from all posts.In 1945 the German state actually was eliminated. Learned from life and political experience Adenauer realized that it was unique and the only chance to lead the country and rebuild it. He creates a new party – the Christian Democratic Union. In September 1949 K. Adenauer was elected as Chancellor of Germany. For the first five years of his ruling, GDP increased by 48 % and real salary by 80 %.Another important direction of his activity was the foreign policy. He immediately chose the pro-European orientation, held the negotiations with the leaders of the Soviet Union, together with the President of France Adenaver had several meetings and eventually signed an agreement on reconciliation and friendship, which ended the centuries-old enmity.In 1952 in Germany was established the European Coal and Steel Community, and after 6 years was formed the European Economic Community, on which grew a huge structure of the European Union. In 1955 Germany became a member of the North Atlantic Alliance (NATO).K. Adenauer resigned on 15 October 1963 at the age of 87 years in good will. During the life of K. Adenauer he was highly appreciated by many world politicians for his political activity on many of the reforms inGermany. Today it can be a good example for Ukrainian statesmen. ; Проаналізовано життя і діяльність Конрада Аденауера як людини, політика і державного діяча. З націонал-соціалістами стосунки в Аденауера не склалися.У 1945 році німецька державність фактично була ліквідована. Аденауер зрозумів, що в нього з'явився унікальний і єдиний шанс очолити країну та відбудувати її. Він створив нову партію – Християнсько-демократичний союз. У вересні 1949 року К. Аденауер був обраний канцлером ФРН. За п'ять перших років його правління ВВП збільшився на 48 %, а реальна зарплата на 80 %.Другим важливим напрямом діяльності канцлера була зовнішня політика. Він зразу вибрав проєвропейську орієнтацію, провів складні переговори з лідерами СРСР, підписав угоду про примирення і дружбу з президентом Франції, що поклало край багатовіковій ворожнечі.У 1952 році в Німеччині було створено Європейське об'єднання вугілля і сталі, а через 6 років Європейське економічне співтовариство, на основі яких було утворено Європей­ський Союз. У 1955 році Німеччина стала членом Північноатлантичного альянсу (НАТО).У відставку К. Аденауер пішов 15 жовтня 1963 року у віці 87 років. Ще за життя К. Аденауера високо оцінило багато світовий політиків за його державну діяльність, за прове­дення багатьох реформ з відбудови Німеччини. І сьогодні він може бути добрим прикладом для українських державних діячів.

The article reveals the policy of "privatization" of the history of ancient by today's leaders of the Russian Federation in the context of the celebration of their anniversary 1150th anniversary of Russian statehood. Instead of it an alternative version of the origin of Russia at an angle of world-systems analysis is proposed. The history of a society is an open system, and its development is not fatally doomed - there is always an alternative, not to mention the case of the game. This statement is particularly important now, when we are in the state of choice which depends on each of us. It is noted that the history of Ukraine is a kind of illustration of the complexity and ambiguity of the main socio-cultural manifestations of the law - to determine the degree of civilization in the process of combining the specificity of cultural and social practices. The main dialectical contradiction, which was inherent in the gene pool of the Ukrainian people, which was formed after the collapse of Russia, was the fact that inherited mostly eastern, Greek-Byzantine religious and cultural traditions, through the influence of historical circumstances, should find an adequate response to the challenge from the public the political system of the West. ; У статті розкрита політика «приватизації» історії Давньої Русі з боку сучасних керівників Російської Федерації в контексті святкування ними ювілею 1150-річчя зародження російської державності. Натомість запропонована альтернативна версія походження Русі під кутом світ-системного аналізу. Історія того чи іншого суспільства є відкритою системою, а її розвиток не є фатально приреченим – завжди є альтернативи, не кажучи вже про гру випадку. Це положення особливо важливе нині, коли ми перебуваємо у стані вибору, який залежить від кожного з нас. Наголошується, що історія України є своєрідною ілюстрацією складності й неоднозначності вияву основного соціокультурного закону – визначення міри у процесі об'єднання цивілізаційної специфіки культури і соціальної практики. Основна діалектична суперечність, яка була закладена в генофонді українського народу, що формувався після розпаду Русі, полягала в тому, що успадкована переважно східна, греко-візантійська релігійна й культурна традиція, через вплив історичних обставин, мала б віднайти адекватну відповідь на виклик з боку суспільно-політичної системи Заходу.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the educational environment in which Vasyl Stefanyk was formed as a writer, public and educational figure, whose 150th birthday is celebrated at the state level in Ukraine this year. The periods of life associated with obtaining education are characterized: primary education (study in Rusiv (three-grade public school (1878–1880)) and in Sniatyn (higher primary school) (1880–1883)); gymnasium education (Kolomyia State gymnasium (1883–1890), Franz Joseph I Drohobych State gymnasium (1891–1892); university studies (medical faculty of Jagiellonian University (1892–1900)); and lifelong self-education. It is concluded that thanks to his father Semen, Vasyl Stefanyk received a complete primary education, which opened the way to further knowledge. Studying at Kolomyya gymnasium was an important stage in V. Stefanyk's formation as a personality, future writer, public and political figure. The formation of the worldview of Stefanyk as a high school student, took place outside the school. He was greatly influenced by Mykhailo Pavlyk, Anna Pavlyk, Ivan Franko, as well as high school students Levko Bachynskyi, Les Martovych, Ivan Semanyuk (Marko Cheremshyna) and teachers of philology Teofil Hrushkevych and Roman Yarosevych who recognized creative abilities of Vasyl Stefanyk. At Drohobych gymnasium, the famous scientist, philologist, folklorist Ivan Verkhratsky along with the teacher of Greek and Ukrainian languages, Ukrainian writer, literary critic Volodymyr Birchak also contributed to the general and literary development of the young man. Krakow played a significant role in the formation of Vasyl Stefanyk as a writer. He worked on himself, his general education, read a lot, followed modern literature, lost interest in medicine and, finally, in 1900 left the Jagiellonian University. Vasyl Stefanyk is fully registered as a writer, educator, and public figure. ; Стаття присвячена аналізу освітнього середовища, у якому формувався Василь Стефаник як письменник, громадсько-просвітницький, чиє 150-річчя з дня народження цьогоріч відзначають на державному рівні в Україні. Схарактеризовано періоди життєдіяльності, пов'язані зі здобуттям освіти: початкова освіта (навчання у Русові (трикласна народна школа (1878–1880)) та в Снятині (виділова, тобто вища початкова школа) (1880–1883)); гімназійна освіта (Коломийська державна гімназія (1883–1890), Дрогобицька державна гімназія імені Франца Йосифа I (1891–1892)); університетські студії (медичний факультет Ягеллонського університету (1892–1900)); та самоосвіта, яка тривала впродовж усього життя.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the educational environment in which Vasyl Stefanyk was formed as a writer, public and educational figure, whose 150th birthday is celebrated at the state level in Ukraine this year. The periods of life associated with obtaining education are characterized: primary education (study in Rusiv (three-grade public school (1878–1880)) and in Sniatyn (higher primary school) (1880–1883)); gymnasium education (Kolomyia State gymnasium (1883–1890), Franz Joseph I Drohobych State gymnasium (1891–1892); university studies (medical faculty of Jagiellonian University (1892–1900)); and lifelong self-education. It is concluded that thanks to his father Semen, Vasyl Stefanyk received a complete primary education, which opened the way to further knowledge. Studying at Kolomyya gymnasium was an important stage in V. Stefanyk's formation as a personality, future writer, public and political figure. The formation of the worldview of Stefanyk as a high school student, took place outside the school. He was greatly influenced by Mykhailo Pavlyk, Anna Pavlyk, Ivan Franko, as well as high school students Levko Bachynskyi, Les Martovych, Ivan Semanyuk (Marko Cheremshyna) and teachers of philology Teofil Hrushkevych and Roman Yarosevych who recognized creative abilities of Vasyl Stefanyk. At Drohobych gymnasium, the famous scientist, philologist, folklorist Ivan Verkhratsky along with the teacher of Greek and Ukrainian languages, Ukrainian writer, literary critic Volodymyr Birchak also contributed to the general and literary development of the young man. Krakow played a significant role in the formation of Vasyl Stefanyk as a writer. He worked on himself, his general education, read a lot, followed modern literature, lost interest in medicine and, finally, in 1900 left the Jagiellonian University. Vasyl Stefanyk is fully registered as a writer, educator, and public figure. ; Стаття присвячена аналізу освітнього середовища, у якому формувався Василь Стефаник як письменник, громадсько-просвітницький, чиє 150-річчя з дня народження цьогоріч відзначають на державному рівні в Україні. Схарактеризовано періоди життєдіяльності, пов'язані зі здобуттям освіти: початкова освіта (навчання у Русові (трикласна народна школа (1878–1880)) та в Снятині (виділова, тобто вища початкова школа) (1880–1883)); гімназійна освіта (Коломийська державна гімназія (1883–1890), Дрогобицька державна гімназія імені Франца Йосифа I (1891–1892)); університетські студії (медичний факультет Ягеллонського університету (1892–1900)); та самоосвіта, яка тривала впродовж усього життя.

Стаття присвячена 100-річчю з дня народження видатного українського політичного діяча, літературознавця, журналіста, голови ОУН(м) (1964–1977), головного редактора газети «Українське слово» (1948–1977) Олега Штуля. Основна увага звертається на значення його політичної і громадської спадщини для сучасних процесів державотворення в Україні. Висвітлюються кроки, спрямовані на його заслужене визнання в сучасній Українській державі. ; The article is devoted to the 100th birth anniversary of the famous Ukrainian politician, literary critic, journalist, head of the OUN (m) (1964–1977), editor-in-chief of the newspaper "Ukrainske slovo" (1948–1977) Oleh Shtuhl. The main attention is drawn to the significance of his political and public heritage for the modern processes of state-building in Ukraine. The steps taken towards his well-deserved recognition in the modern Ukrainian state are highlighted.

Problem setting. In different epochs, the state-building processes in Ukraine had characteristic features that should be taken into account today. The achievements of the Central Rada, the Hetmanate, the Directory, and the Soviet government in Ukraine reveal the complex external and internal circumstances of state-building. Political leaders of this period pursued their own principles of governance, often ignoring the lessons of the past. Under each government, there were different views among the political electorate on this issue, which did not always reflect the interests of the people of Ukraine, and important decisions were generally made to please Western Europe.Recent research and publications analysis. Historical events of the early XXth century in Eastern Galicia are interesting for researchers of various specialities. In particular, V. Velykochyi, L. Volosianko, Yu. Zaitsev, S. Kobuta, O. Krasivskyi, M. Lytvyn, K. Mytsan, I. Pater, H. Poslavska, O. Rublov, O. Reient, Yu. Slyvka, V. Soldatenko, I. Soliar and others.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. Modern problems of state-building in Ukraine and the participation of representatives of national minorities in them need a thorough scientific substantiation. In this regard, the direction of previously unresolved issues concerning the current state-building practices of the past years is singled out.Taking into account the lessons of national history, identifying the relationship between historical experience and modern problems, ensuring certain heredity, combining Ukrainian achievements with the achievements of world practice of state-building determines the topicality of the problem.Paper main body. Meaningful experience of state-building must be taken into account when reforming modern state structures and, in particular, regarding the definition of powers, tasks, cooperation of various branches of government. Nevertheless, the events of 1917 – 1920ies haven't been studied enough, because the understanding of the achievements and miscalculations of Ukrainian state-building of the revolutionary era would help to outline the strategic understanding of Ukraine's tasks at the present stage.In October 1918 after the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ukrainians of Western Ukraine began preparations to create their own independent state. In the western Ukrainian lands, although the state revival took place under the significant influence of the events in the Dnieper region, in almost all aspects the desire of Western Ukrainians to gain state independence was radically different from the attempts of Eastern Ukrainians.In a short time, the West Ukrainian People's Republic managed to create a fairly effective system of public administration, based on the constitutional practice of Austria.Already in the first months in Western Ukraine, central and local public administration bodies were formed: the Ukrainian National Council, the State Secretariat, State Secretaries, County National Councils, County Commissioners, Public and City Councils, and Public and City Commissioners.The courts were independent of other branches of government, according to the law of November 21, 1918, and the Highest State Court in Lviv, following the Austrian model, was the Supreme court institution.The West Ukrainian People's Republic managed to ensure stability and order on its territory, despite the war, and it was even passed the Law on Land (April 14, 1919) and introduced its own currency – hryvnia and karbovantsi. Prompt and effective creation of public administration is a unique achievement in the whole of Eastern Europe. It was an ideal model of a modern European democratic state governed by the rule of law – the result of the propensity of Galicians to social organization, which developed significantly in the pre-war decade.The Act of Unity became a powerful manifestation of the will of Ukrainians to ethnic and territorial consolidation, evidence of their dynamic self-identification, and the formation of a political nation.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. The experience of Ukrainian state-building is important for today, as it makes it possible to anticipate similar situations and avoid mistakes. The West Ukrainian People's Republic has left a noticeable mark in the development of Ukrainian national statehood. For the first time since the Galician-Volyn era, Western Ukrainians gained national independence. Important reforms have been carried out in many spheres of public life. An effective system of central and local authorities and administration, health care, education, publishing, and a capable Ukrainian Galician Army was created.The main achievement of the events of 1917 – 1920 was the revival of the idea of Ukrainian statehood and national-state consciousness of the population of Ukraine, and a new generation of Ukrainian intellectuals picked up the concept of the national-state building. ; Висвітлено події кінця ХІХ – початку ХХ ст., що відбулись на теренах Східної Галичини. Розглянуто становлення держави, законодавче формулювання важливості встановлення меж національного та етнічного структурування населення за відсотковим складом представників національних меншин у Західноукраїнській Народній Республіці (далі – ЗУНР) та юридичне обґрунтування перспектив українського етносу як титульного та національних меншин щодо представництва у структурах державного апарату та місцевого самоврядування. Досліджено, що процеси державoтвoрення ЗУНР початку ХХ ст. переконливо вказують на наявність і готовність українства власними силами будувати свою державу та управлінські структури, які у той період вражали досконалістю.

Problem setting. In different epochs, the state-building processes in Ukraine had characteristic features that should be taken into account today. The achievements of the Central Rada, the Hetmanate, the Directory, and the Soviet government in Ukraine reveal the complex external and internal circumstances of state-building. Political leaders of this period pursued their own principles of governance, often ignoring the lessons of the past. Under each government, there were different views among the political electorate on this issue, which did not always reflect the interests of the people of Ukraine, and important decisions were generally made to please Western Europe.Recent research and publications analysis. Historical events of the early XXth century in Eastern Galicia are interesting for researchers of various specialities. In particular, V. Velykochyi, L. Volosianko, Yu. Zaitsev, S. Kobuta, O. Krasivskyi, M. Lytvyn, K. Mytsan, I. Pater, H. Poslavska, O. Rublov, O. Reient, Yu. Slyvka, V. Soldatenko, I. Soliar and others.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. Modern problems of state-building in Ukraine and the participation of representatives of national minorities in them need a thorough scientific substantiation. In this regard, the direction of previously unresolved issues concerning the current state-building practices of the past years is singled out.Taking into account the lessons of national history, identifying the relationship between historical experience and modern problems, ensuring certain heredity, combining Ukrainian achievements with the achievements of world practice of state-building determines the topicality of the problem.Paper main body. Meaningful experience of state-building must be taken into account when reforming modern state structures and, in particular, regarding the definition of powers, tasks, cooperation of various branches of government. Nevertheless, the events of 1917 – 1920ies haven't been studied enough, because the understanding of the achievements and miscalculations of Ukrainian state-building of the revolutionary era would help to outline the strategic understanding of Ukraine's tasks at the present stage.In October 1918 after the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ukrainians of Western Ukraine began preparations to create their own independent state. In the western Ukrainian lands, although the state revival took place under the significant influence of the events in the Dnieper region, in almost all aspects the desire of Western Ukrainians to gain state independence was radically different from the attempts of Eastern Ukrainians.In a short time, the West Ukrainian People's Republic managed to create a fairly effective system of public administration, based on the constitutional practice of Austria.Already in the first months in Western Ukraine, central and local public administration bodies were formed: the Ukrainian National Council, the State Secretariat, State Secretaries, County National Councils, County Commissioners, Public and City Councils, and Public and City Commissioners.The courts were independent of other branches of government, according to the law of November 21, 1918, and the Highest State Court in Lviv, following the Austrian model, was the Supreme court institution.The West Ukrainian People's Republic managed to ensure stability and order on its territory, despite the war, and it was even passed the Law on Land (April 14, 1919) and introduced its own currency – hryvnia and karbovantsi. Prompt and effective creation of public administration is a unique achievement in the whole of Eastern Europe. It was an ideal model of a modern European democratic state governed by the rule of law – the result of the propensity of Galicians to social organization, which developed significantly in the pre-war decade.The Act of Unity became a powerful manifestation of the will of Ukrainians to ethnic and territorial consolidation, evidence of their dynamic self-identification, and the formation of a political nation.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. The experience of Ukrainian state-building is important for today, as it makes it possible to anticipate similar situations and avoid mistakes. The West Ukrainian People's Republic has left a noticeable mark in the development of Ukrainian national statehood. For the first time since the Galician-Volyn era, Western Ukrainians gained national independence. Important reforms have been carried out in many spheres of public life. An effective system of central and local authorities and administration, health care, education, publishing, and a capable Ukrainian Galician Army was created.The main achievement of the events of 1917 – 1920 was the revival of the idea of Ukrainian statehood and national-state consciousness of the population of Ukraine, and a new generation of Ukrainian intellectuals picked up the concept of the national-state building. ; Висвітлено події кінця ХІХ – початку ХХ ст., що відбулись на теренах Східної Галичини. Розглянуто становлення держави, законодавче формулювання важливості встановлення меж національного та етнічного структурування населення за відсотковим складом представників національних меншин у Західноукраїнській Народній Республіці (далі – ЗУНР) та юридичне обґрунтування перспектив українського етносу як титульного та національних меншин щодо представництва у структурах державного апарату та місцевого самоврядування. Досліджено, що процеси державoтвoрення ЗУНР початку ХХ ст. переконливо вказують на наявність і готовність українства власними силами будувати свою державу та управлінські структури, які у той період вражали досконалістю.

У статті висвітлено питання взаємозв'язку ідеї націоналізму та державності на основі творчої спадщини філософа, публіциста, одного з ідеологів українського націоналістичного руху Ю. І. Вассияна, 125-річчя з дня народження якого виповнилось у цьому році. У своїй роботі Ю. Вассиян наголошує, що тільки в боротьбі за незалежність українська нація виявить свою зрілість, свою готовність для повноцінного державного існування. А націоналізм, на думку мислителя, сприятиме всебічному розвитку нації, «який полягає в здійсненні ідеї соборного державного чину».Проаналізовано сформульовані Ю. Вассияном завдання націоналізму щодо підготовки і здійснення української національної революції та створення власної держави, в яких зазначено, що це може відбутися за умови об'єднання нації під прапором єдиної спільної політичної ідеї.Констатовано на актуальності творчої спадщини Ю. Вассияна для сучасних процесів державотворення в Україні, особливо в умовах «гібридної» війни путінської Росії проти нашої країни та намаганні прихильників «русского мира» спровокувати соціально-політичну й економічну нестабільність в Україні для знівелювання української державності.Значну увагу приділено життєвому шляху Ю. Вассияна, значенні його творчої спадщини для науки та українського націоналістичного руху. Подано відомості про основні друковані праці вченого і політика, спогади його соратників та наукові роботи дослідників в діаспорі та сучасній Україні.Наголошено, що постать Ю. Вассияна, як і його праці, до теперішнього часу не знайшли свого належного осмислення і вивчення. Тому необхідно видавати й перевидавати його твори, а постать мислителя розглядати як представника європейської інтелектуальної традиції. ; The article deals with the issue of interconnection between the ideas of nationalism and statehood in the work "Ideological Foundations of Ukrainian Nationalism" written by the philosopher, publicist, and a visionary of the Ukrainian nationalist movement Yu. Vassyian, whose 125th birth anniversary is celebrated this year. In his work, Yu. Vassyian emphasizes that only the struggle for independence will show the Ukrainian nation's maturity and readiness for a full-fledged state existence, while nationalism, in the thinker's opinion, will contribute to the comprehensive development of the nation, which is "the implementation of the idea of a united state."Yu. Vassyian has analyzed and formulated the task of nationalism as the preparation and implementation of the Ukrainian national revolution and the creation of a separate state, indicating that this can happen when the nation is united under the banner of the common political idea.Yu. Vassyian's creative heritage is topical for modern state-building processes in Ukraine, especially under the conditions of the "hybrid" warfare of Putin's Russia against our country and the attempts of the supporters of the "Russian world" to provoke sociopolitical and economic instability in Ukraine to invalidate Ukrainian statehood.Substantial attention is paid to the life of Yu. Vassyian, the meaning of his creative heritage for science and the Ukrainian nationalist movement. Also, the article considers the scientist and politician's main publications, the memoirs of his associates, and the research work of scholars in the diaspora and modern Ukraine.It is emphasized that the figure of Yu. Vassyian, as well as his works, have not been properly studied yet. Therefore, it is necessary to publish and re-publish his works, the author being considered a bright representative of the European intellectual tradition.

У статті висвітлено питання взаємозв'язку ідеї націоналізму та державності на основі творчої спадщини філософа, публіциста, одного з ідеологів українського націоналістичного руху Ю. І. Вассияна, 125-річчя з дня народження якого виповнилось у цьому році. У своїй роботі Ю. Вассиян наголошує, що тільки в боротьбі за незалежність українська нація виявить свою зрілість, свою готовність для повноцінного державного існування. А націоналізм, на думку мислителя, сприятиме всебічному розвитку нації, «який полягає в здійсненні ідеї соборного державного чину».Проаналізовано сформульовані Ю. Вассияном завдання націоналізму щодо підготовки і здійснення української національної революції та створення власної держави, в яких зазначено, що це може відбутися за умови об'єднання нації під прапором єдиної спільної політичної ідеї.Констатовано на актуальності творчої спадщини Ю. Вассияна для сучасних процесів державотворення в Україні, особливо в умовах «гібридної» війни путінської Росії проти нашої країни та намаганні прихильників «русского мира» спровокувати соціально-політичну й економічну нестабільність в Україні для знівелювання української державності.Значну увагу приділено життєвому шляху Ю. Вассияна, значенні його творчої спадщини для науки та українського націоналістичного руху. Подано відомості про основні друковані праці вченого і політика, спогади його соратників та наукові роботи дослідників в діаспорі та сучасній Україні.Наголошено, що постать Ю. Вассияна, як і його праці, до теперішнього часу не знайшли свого належного осмислення і вивчення. Тому необхідно видавати й перевидавати його твори, а постать мислителя розглядати як представника європейської інтелектуальної традиції. ; The article deals with the issue of interconnection between the ideas of nationalism and statehood in the work "Ideological Foundations of Ukrainian Nationalism" written by the philosopher, publicist, and a visionary of the Ukrainian nationalist movement Yu. Vassyian, whose 125th birth anniversary is celebrated this year. In his work, Yu. Vassyian emphasizes that only the struggle for independence will show the Ukrainian nation's maturity and readiness for a full-fledged state existence, while nationalism, in the thinker's opinion, will contribute to the comprehensive development of the nation, which is "the implementation of the idea of a united state."Yu. Vassyian has analyzed and formulated the task of nationalism as the preparation and implementation of the Ukrainian national revolution and the creation of a separate state, indicating that this can happen when the nation is united under the banner of the common political idea.Yu. Vassyian's creative heritage is topical for modern state-building processes in Ukraine, especially under the conditions of the "hybrid" warfare of Putin's Russia against our country and the attempts of the supporters of the "Russian world" to provoke sociopolitical and economic instability in Ukraine to invalidate Ukrainian statehood.Substantial attention is paid to the life of Yu. Vassyian, the meaning of his creative heritage for science and the Ukrainian nationalist movement. Also, the article considers the scientist and politician's main publications, the memoirs of his associates, and the research work of scholars in the diaspora and modern Ukraine.It is emphasized that the figure of Yu. Vassyian, as well as his works, have not been properly studied yet. Therefore, it is necessary to publish and re-publish his works, the author being considered a bright representative of the European intellectual tradition.