Suchergebnisse

This research focuses on the dynamics of fusion and dispersion throughout Guadeloupean social and cultural groups. The unresolved conflict inherited from slavery and colonization has become latent and underlies all kinds of social relationships. This conflict, which is at the origin of Guadeloupean society and culture, now encompasses dynamic dispersion. It is therefore a matter of diverse conflicting forms unfolding within the economic, social, cultural and political fields that emerge through the cultural fabric.This conflict, originally between the dominated and the dominant or oneself and the other, has been incorporated into the culture, and is shaped and transmitted by its bias. The study of representations and practices related to consummation, perspectives of social change, collective memory and hierarchical relationships at work, captures the reproduction and transmission of certain interpretations of reality, patterns of behavior and ways of relating to each other.This conflict is left with now opposing value systems, cultural and identity references, paradigms of thought and even figures as the real protagonists disappeared at the end of colonization, in fact, these are contradictory internal and transverse forces within this society. Since the politico-cultural assimilation that took place in France with the law of departmentalization of 1946, the boundaries between oneself and the other have become partially blurred, reinforcing feelings of déréalisation and the threat of the extinction of the collective. The dynamics of the unification of the socio-cultural body then occurs in adversity, in a power struggle relationship with another. This phenomenon leads to forms of re-centering of identity and attempts to evict the other in oneself. The dominant figure is thus projected outside itself. This recurring schematic is particularly highlighted in the notions of pwofitasyon, of mass and neg identities resulting in attempts to produce cultural authenticity and the appropriation of power.It is therefore also a matter of studying the parameters within which individual and collective subjects are constructed, identities produced and their relationships, and how these subjects are created with diversity to construct an existence of oneself .In such a context, the ongoing management of this conflict is manifested by the fluidity of positions, porous references and multiple allegiances and cultural tools that give shape to the syncretic process. Thus, this transversal and global conflict resulted in the emergence of peripheral subjects, whose existence is determined by the imbalance in the relationship with the other. And because these subjects have included a part of the other, they only exist within this conflicting relationship, their quest for identity consists not just of positioning oneself at the margin of the other, but also at the margin of themselves. ; Cette recherche porte sur les dynamiques de fusion et de dispersion traversant le corps social et culturel guadeloupéen. Le conflit hérité de l'esclavage et de la colonisation n'ayant pas été résolu, a été mis en latence devenant sous-jacent à toutes sortes de relations sociales. Ce conflit, à l'origine de la société et de la culture guadeloupéennes, engendre désormais des dynamiques de dispersion. Il s'agit donc ici de relever diverses formes conflictuelles se déployant dans les champs économique, socioculturel et politique, pour en faire émerger la trame culturelle.Ce conflit opposant originellement dominés et dominants ou soi et l'autre, a été intégré à la culture, il la façonne et se transmet par son biais. L'étude des représentations et pratiques liées à la consommation, des perspectives de changement social, de la mémoire collective ou des relations hiérarchiques au travail, permet de saisir la reproduction et la transmission de certaines grilles d'interprétations de la réalité, de schèmes de comportements et de modes de relation à l'autre. Les protagonistes réels ayant disparu à la fin de la colonisation, ce conflit oppose désormais des systèmes de valeur, des références culturelles et identitaires, des paradigmes de pensée ou en encore des figures, en somme, des forces contradictoires internes et transversales à cette société. L'assimilation politico-culturelle à la France ayant cours depuis la loi de départementalisation de 1946, les frontières entre soi et l'autre se sont partiellement estompées, renforçant les sentiments de déréalisation et la menace de disparition du collectif. Les dynamiques d'unification du corps socioculturel se réalisent alors dans l'adversité, dans une relation de pouvoir problématique avec un autre. Ce phénomène entraîne des formes de recentrement identitaire et des tentatives d'expulsion de l'autre en soi. La figure du dominant est ainsi projetée hors de soi. Ce schéma récurrent est notamment mis en avant dans les notions de pwofitasyon, de masse et d'identités nèg donnant lieu à des tentatives de production d'authenticité culturelle et d'appropriation du pouvoir. Il est donc aussi question d'étudier les paramètres selon lesquels les sujets individuels et collectifs se construisent, les identités produites et leurs relations, mais aussi les façons dont ces sujets composent avec la diversité pour se construire une existence.Dans un tel contexte, la gestion permanente de ce conflit se manifeste par la fluidité des positions, la porosité des références et la multiplicité des allégeances et des outils culturels, donnant forme au processus syncrétique. Ainsi, ce conflit transversal, global, donne lieu à l'émergence de sujets périphériques, dont l'existence est surdéterminée par le déséquilibre de la relation à l'autre. Et parce que ces sujets ont intégré une part de cet autre, qu'ils n'ont d'existence qu'à l'intérieur de cette relation conflictuelle, leurs quêtes identitaires consistent à se positionner à la marge de l'autre, mais aussi d'eux-mêmes.

This research focuses on the dynamics of fusion and dispersion throughout Guadeloupean social and cultural groups. The unresolved conflict inherited from slavery and colonization has become latent and underlies all kinds of social relationships. This conflict, which is at the origin of Guadeloupean society and culture, now encompasses dynamic dispersion. It is therefore a matter of diverse conflicting forms unfolding within the economic, social, cultural and political fields that emerge through the cultural fabric.This conflict, originally between the dominated and the dominant or oneself and the other, has been incorporated into the culture, and is shaped and transmitted by its bias. The study of representations and practices related to consummation, perspectives of social change, collective memory and hierarchical relationships at work, captures the reproduction and transmission of certain interpretations of reality, patterns of behavior and ways of relating to each other.This conflict is left with now opposing value systems, cultural and identity references, paradigms of thought and even figures as the real protagonists disappeared at the end of colonization, in fact, these are contradictory internal and transverse forces within this society. Since the politico-cultural assimilation that took place in France with the law of departmentalization of 1946, the boundaries between oneself and the other have become partially blurred, reinforcing feelings of déréalisation and the threat of the extinction of the collective. The dynamics of the unification of the socio-cultural body then occurs in adversity, in a power struggle relationship with another. This phenomenon leads to forms of re-centering of identity and attempts to evict the other in oneself. The dominant figure is thus projected outside itself. This recurring schematic is particularly highlighted in the notions of pwofitasyon, of mass and neg identities resulting in attempts to produce cultural authenticity and the appropriation of power.It is therefore ...

The Dissertation is a study of Spinoza's anthropology and politics. It shows how Spinoza's reflection on man can be read with an emphasis on the concepts of "individual", "body" and "affects". These concepts have a prominent place for the author of Ethics for two reasons: 1) they are central to his analysis of the mind body relation. Because, according to him the human body, for being a reality "in action", is necessarily affected by other bodies. 2) However, as it is also the object of an idea (mind), nothing affects or modifies its power, without it is being perceived by the human mind. And the affect is the very modification of physical power and its perception by the mind. In other words, the affect can be defined as simultaneous consciousness that the human individual has from its own body by means of perception of the changes of his power to act (the contemporary sciences, such as the neurobiology, the psychology, the medicine, and many others, may confirm the theses of Spinoza). Our study pays attention to the simultaneity of the affections of the body and the ideas of these affections in the mind, and to the lack of interaction of body and mind that characterizes Spinoza's philosophy and makes the difference with Descartes' conception. It is important to emphasize that Spinoza with the same concepts of "individual", "body" and "affects", also allows us to think of the constitution of another kind of body the political body. The affects are not only on the foundation of the constitution of this body, but they are also what allowed to regulate human affairs. It is in this sense that Spinoza leads us to conceive the body politics, not as a breakage - unlike Hobbes - but as a continuation of the state of nature. Spinoza's anthropology is powerful, because it proves that human nature cannot be conceived without affects, as well as no political thinking can have a value without considering the affects. ; La présente étude porte sur l'anthropologie et la politique de Spinoza. Il s'agit précisément de montrer en ...

The Dissertation is a study of Spinoza's anthropology and politics. It shows how Spinoza's reflection on man can be read with an emphasis on the concepts of "individual", "body" and "affects". These concepts have a prominent place for the author of Ethics for two reasons: 1) they are central to his analysis of the mind body relation. Because, according to him the human body, for being a reality "in action", is necessarily affected by other bodies. 2) However, as it is also the object of an idea (mind), nothing affects or modifies its power, without it is being perceived by the human mind. And the affect is the very modification of physical power and its perception by the mind. In other words, the affect can be defined as simultaneous consciousness that the human individual has from its own body by means of perception of the changes of his power to act (the contemporary sciences, such as the neurobiology, the psychology, the medicine, and many others, may confirm the theses of Spinoza). Our study pays attention to the simultaneity of the affections of the body and the ideas of these affections in the mind, and to the lack of interaction of body and mind that characterizes Spinoza's philosophy and makes the difference with Descartes' conception. It is important to emphasize that Spinoza with the same concepts of "individual", "body" and "affects", also allows us to think of the constitution of another kind of body the political body. The affects are not only on the foundation of the constitution of this body, but they are also what allowed to regulate human affairs. It is in this sense that Spinoza leads us to conceive the body politics, not as a breakage - unlike Hobbes - but as a continuation of the state of nature. Spinoza's anthropology is powerful, because it proves that human nature cannot be conceived without affects, as well as no political thinking can have a value without considering the affects. ; La présente étude porte sur l'anthropologie et la politique de Spinoza. Il s'agit précisément de montrer en ...

La notion d'inceste est centrale pour l'anthropologie de la parenté et pour la psychanalyse. Le terme d' «inceste » , généralement utilisé sans différencier l'inceste parent/ enfant et frère/ soeur, et parfois étendu aux mariages consanguins, manque donc de précision conceptuelle. La confusion autour de cette notion s'est accrue dans les études sur la parenté depuis que Lévi-Strauss a adopté le tabou de l'inceste pour caractériser les origines de toute société humaine, affirmant qu'il révèle le passage de la nature à la culture. Fondant son postulat théorique sur la pensée freudienne, l'anthropologue français a été amené à invalider l'hypothèse antérieure de Westermarck. Ce dernier était persuadé que le désir de commettre l'inceste était freiné par une inhibition spontanée et naturelle, hypothèse aujourd'hui confirmée par les récentes recherches éthologiques. En conséquence, la notion d'inceste doit être considérée comme une «relique épistémologique » de l'anthropologie sociale. Il est toutefois important de noter que des écrits anthropologiques récents utilisent toujours le terme d' «inceste » , mais, en se concentrant sur la famille nucléaire, parfois recomposée dans les sociétés modernes et postmodernes, ils réduisent cette notion à celle de crime sexuel.

Organizational efficiency is the result of a myriad of micro decisions taken as close as possible from the place and time at which contextual interference emerges. The Toyota Production System, on the management level, and the boom of the Apple Corporation, on the level of the intuitive tools for personal productivity, demonstrate this evolution where thought and action are no more segregated. Proof is the path taken by the main actors of the digital revolution : the founders of Linux, Yahoo!, Wikipedia, Amazon.com, Google or Facebook. It did not begin from a classroom theory, but by a trial and error approach that never disconnected the mind from the act.This virtuous pragmatism is also found in Bavaria, Flanders, Scotland, Euskadi, Catalonia, Lombardy, Veneto . Indeed, these regions have an autonomy - including and particularly at the cultural level - similar to that of the German Länder or the Swiss cantons. On the contrary, Jacobin France followed the opposite path: the eradication of regional and minority languages in which sensory contact with things remained in the sign systems.But today, the rise of complexity, even saturating the significant power of the concept itself, brings the conditions for the return of the sign. ; L'efficience organisationnelle résulte d'une myriade de microdécisions prises au plus près possible du lieu et du temps d'où émerge la perturbation contextuelle. Le Toyota Production System, au niveau du management, ou l'essor d'Apple Corporation, au niveau des outils pratiques de productivité individuelle, témoignent de cette évolution où la pensée n'est plus séparée de l'action. A preuve, les itinéraires des principaux acteurs de la révolution numérique : les fondateurs de Linux, de Yahoo!, de Wikipédia, d'Amazon.com, de Google ou de Facebook. Ils ne sont pas partis d'une théorie apprise sur les bancs d'une institution scolaire. Procédant par essais et par erreurs, ils n'ont jamais séparé la pensée de l'action. On retrouve ce pragmatisme vertueux en Bavière, Flandre, Ecosse, Euzkadi, ...

Organizational efficiency is the result of a myriad of micro decisions taken as close as possible from the place and time at which contextual interference emerges. The Toyota Production System, on the management level, and the boom of the Apple Corporation, on the level of the intuitive tools for personal productivity, demonstrate this evolution where thought and action are no more segregated. Proof is the path taken by the main actors of the digital revolution : the founders of Linux, Yahoo!, Wikipedia, Amazon.com, Google or Facebook. It did not begin from a classroom theory, but by a trial and error approach that never disconnected the mind from the act.This virtuous pragmatism is also found in Bavaria, Flanders, Scotland, Euskadi, Catalonia, Lombardy, Veneto . Indeed, these regions have an autonomy - including and particularly at the cultural level - similar to that of the German Länder or the Swiss cantons. On the contrary, Jacobin France followed the opposite path: the eradication of regional and minority languages in which sensory contact with things remained in the sign systems.But today, the rise of complexity, even saturating the significant power of the concept itself, brings the conditions for the return of the sign. ; L'efficience organisationnelle résulte d'une myriade de microdécisions prises au plus près possible du lieu et du temps d'où émerge la perturbation contextuelle. Le Toyota Production System, au niveau du management, ou l'essor d'Apple Corporation, au niveau des outils pratiques de productivité individuelle, témoignent de cette évolution où la pensée n'est plus séparée de l'action. A preuve, les itinéraires des principaux acteurs de la révolution numérique : les fondateurs de Linux, de Yahoo!, de Wikipédia, d'Amazon.com, de Google ou de Facebook. Ils ne sont pas partis d'une théorie apprise sur les bancs d'une institution scolaire. Procédant par essais et par erreurs, ils n'ont jamais séparé la pensée de l'action. On retrouve ce pragmatisme vertueux en Bavière, Flandre, Ecosse, Euzkadi, ...

Accès restreint aux membres de l'Université de Lorraine jusqu'au 2008-05-27 ; AIf we accept, with Max Weber, the power of religious "spiritual obstacles" and the deep interference of Islam in the life -individual and social as well- of Islamic societies, we can wonder about the viability, within theses societies, of financial "western" models, where interest, which is declared as usury by most jurists, plays a pre-eminent role. Conversely, is there an "Islamic financial model" able to constitute, at least for Islamic societies themselves, a credible alternative for multiple deadlocks in which conduct financial models called "conventional" as developed by "the western world?" Can this "model" be only based upon ribâ interdiction? Furthermore, in what thing interest does it constitute ribâ ? Is all interest ribâ ? These are some 6 ones among questions which always haunt all those interested in problems of (under) development in Islam land. It is somewhere at the intersection of those two sets of questions that "Islamic finance" was born. This thesis intends to study, through anthropology tools, economic mechanisms of this phenomenon expression in the context of Mauritania today ; Si, avec Max Weber, on admet la puissance des "obstacles spirituels" de type religieux et la profonde immixtion de l'Islam dans la vie - tant individuelle que sociale- des sociétés musulmanes, n'est- on pas fondé à s'interroger sur la viabilité, au sein de ces sociétés, de modèles financiers "occidentaux" où l'intérêt, déclaré ribâ par la plupart des fuqaha [jurisconsultes], joue un rôle prééminent ? A l'inverse, existe-t-il un "modèle financier islamique" capable de constituer, au moins pour les sociétés musulmanes, une alternative crédible aux multiples impasses auxquelles y mèneraient les modèles financiers dits "conventionnels" tels que développés par "le monde occidental" ? Ce "modèle" peut-il être fondé uniquement sur la prohibition de l'intérêt ? Et d'ailleurs, en quoi l'intérêt est-il ribâ ?? Tout intérêt est-il ribâ ? Telles sont ...

Accès restreint aux membres de l'Université de Lorraine jusqu'au 2008-05-27 ; AIf we accept, with Max Weber, the power of religious "spiritual obstacles" and the deep interference of Islam in the life -individual and social as well- of Islamic societies, we can wonder about the viability, within theses societies, of financial "western" models, where interest, which is declared as usury by most jurists, plays a pre-eminent role. Conversely, is there an "Islamic financial model" able to constitute, at least for Islamic societies themselves, a credible alternative for multiple deadlocks in which conduct financial models called "conventional" as developed by "the western world?" Can this "model" be only based upon ribâ interdiction? Furthermore, in what thing interest does it constitute ribâ ? Is all interest ribâ ? These are some 6 ones among questions which always haunt all those interested in problems of (under) development in Islam land. It is somewhere at the intersection of those two sets of questions that "Islamic finance" was born. This thesis intends to study, through anthropology tools, economic mechanisms of this phenomenon expression in the context of Mauritania today ; Si, avec Max Weber, on admet la puissance des "obstacles spirituels" de type religieux et la profonde immixtion de l'Islam dans la vie - tant individuelle que sociale- des sociétés musulmanes, n'est- on pas fondé à s'interroger sur la viabilité, au sein de ces sociétés, de modèles financiers "occidentaux" où l'intérêt, déclaré ribâ par la plupart des fuqaha [jurisconsultes], joue un rôle prééminent ? A l'inverse, existe-t-il un "modèle financier islamique" capable de constituer, au moins pour les sociétés musulmanes, une alternative crédible aux multiples impasses auxquelles y mèneraient les modèles financiers dits "conventionnels" tels que développés par "le monde occidental" ? Ce "modèle" peut-il être fondé uniquement sur la prohibition de l'intérêt ? Et d'ailleurs, en quoi l'intérêt est-il ribâ ?? Tout intérêt est-il ribâ ? Telles sont ...

This thesis addresses the experiences and representations proper to the construction of an academic life amongst Indian scholars in Social Sciences working in Europe, specially in the United Kingdom and Germany. In order to put these trajectories and narratives into perspective, this research also takes into account the trajectories of those who went back to India after their studies in Europe. Drawing upon an ethnographic study carried out in England, Germany (between October 2015 and July 2016) and India (entre February and April 2017), where I could conduct interviews and participate in the academic life of a number of research centres, I propose an analysis of the institutional and social conditions that forge these circulations, as well as the narratives and representations about such experiences of mobility. Regarding its methodology, this research consists of a multi-sited ethnography of a post-colonial academic space made of networks linking India, England, and Germany. The trajectories on which my analysis is based represent a means of capturing the most concrete aspects of these academic circulations – such as the everyday production of networks, bodies and emotions, narratives and representations, political commitments, and mobility and precarity – as well as the institutional dynamics that are associated with it. More specifically, this thesis reflects upon the social construction of these circulations (social origin, education, familial projects), the construction of subjectivities in a context of intense geographical and cultural mobility, in addition to the institutional and epistemic transformations associated with these circulations ; Cette thèse porte sur les expériences et représentations autour de la construction d'une vie académique entre les chercheurs en sciences sociales d'origine indienne travaillant en Europe, spécialement au Royaume Uni et en Allemagne. Afin de mettre en perspective ces récits et trajectoires, cette recherche prend également en compte les parcours des chercheurs ...

Du fait de sa position institutionnelle d'anthropologue travaillant dans une Ong, l'auteur a cher-ché dans sa pratique de recherche à combiner les deux dimensions des sciences sociales : le dévoilement des réalités complexes liées aux interventions de développement et l'accompagnement de praticiens dans leurs apprentissages. Issu d'un travail de réflexivité, ce mémoire revient sur les grandes étapes de sa trajectoire scientifique, tente un " essai de théorie de sa pratique ", propose les fondements d'un questionnement théorique autour des interventions de développement comme forme d'action publique, couplant les dilemmes de l'intervention sociale dans les espaces marginaux, bien analysés par l'analyse des politiques publiques dans les pays industrialisés, et les contradictions des interventions dans les " pays sous régime d'aide " où, du fait d'une histoire coloniale et post-coloniale, l'aide internationale, ses financements, ses transferts de modèles, ses institutions, sont devenus un élément structurant des dynamiques sociales et politiques.

Du fait de sa position institutionnelle d'anthropologue travaillant dans une Ong, l'auteur a cher-ché dans sa pratique de recherche à combiner les deux dimensions des sciences sociales : le dévoilement des réalités complexes liées aux interventions de développement et l'accompagnement de praticiens dans leurs apprentissages. Issu d'un travail de réflexivité, ce mémoire revient sur les grandes étapes de sa trajectoire scientifique, tente un " essai de théorie de sa pratique ", propose les fondements d'un questionnement théorique autour des interventions de développement comme forme d'action publique, couplant les dilemmes de l'intervention sociale dans les espaces marginaux, bien analysés par l'analyse des politiques publiques dans les pays industrialisés, et les contradictions des interventions dans les " pays sous régime d'aide " où, du fait d'une histoire coloniale et post-coloniale, l'aide internationale, ses financements, ses transferts de modèles, ses institutions, sont devenus un élément structurant des dynamiques sociales et politiques.

Cet article se propose de jeter un regard critique et réflexif sur la théorie générale de René Girard. Les critiques, positives ou négatives, se sont généralement focalisées sur une partie de sa démonstration seulement, ne prenant pas en compte sa théorie dans son intégralité. En effet, on oublie souvent que l'auteur ne traite pas seulement du sacrifice religieux, mais que sa théorie repose aussi sur l'idée d'un «désir mimétique » . D'après Girard, cette forme de désir, qui est le désir, crée les conditions pour que la violence aboutisse au meurtre rituel, puis au sacrifice. Toutefois cet aspect de la théorie, le «désir mimétique » que l'auteur systématise à partir de romans du XIXe siècle au point d'en faire un concept opérateur dans le champ de l'anthropologie, n'est pas entièrement convaincant puisqu'il repose sur une conception erronée de ce qu'est un «désir » . Au final, il semble que Girard, en tant que croyant et pratiquant catholique, ne se révèle pas tant dans l'aspect sacrificiel de la théorie que dans ce qui touche au désir. Il est nécessaire encore de souligner que tout phénomène de bouc émissaire résulte bien plus de la peur que d'un quelconque désir.

Domestic practices related to energy consumption is not a common object of contemporary social sciences even though they have become a global issue, as a consequence of the scarcity and the rising cost of fossil fuels. This research proposes, using social sciences tools, to study energy consumption through social practices within the domestic space. It is also to identify practices that could be consistent with global and current concerns of conserving energy. This work tries to design these social practices as domestic practices that cannot be isolated from each other at the risk of rendering them meaningless. Research on first humans and fire domestication elaborate humans compared to animals, their forms of settlement, the relation that they maintain with the environment and its symbolic value. Construction practices, cooking, heating and lighting are all cultural productions that involve energy consumption and tell us about the relationship that Man has with his surrounding. Studying practices has also to be based on technical objects. Here, the process of technical spread is a contemporary data that had to be taken into account: times are no longer to make up effective tools, but to accumulate devices that operate independently. We conclude with the concept of "energy intelligence" as a behavioral data, apart from current political and media speeches. Understand ones living space, understand the organization of family life and its necessary adjustments are observation points that emphasize the need to consider the place of the body, as part of a mesological whole, within the approach of contemporary energy issues. ; Les pratiques domestiques liées à la consommation d'énergie ne sont pas un objet courant des sciences sociales contemporaines alors même qu'elles deviennent un enjeu mondial ; conséquence de la raréfaction et du renchérissement des ressources fossiles. La présente recherche propose, avec les outils des sciences sociales, de saisir la consommation d'énergie à travers l'étude des pratiques ...

Domestic practices related to energy consumption is not a common object of contemporary social sciences even though they have become a global issue, as a consequence of the scarcity and the rising cost of fossil fuels. This research proposes, using social sciences tools, to study energy consumption through social practices within the domestic space. It is also to identify practices that could be consistent with global and current concerns of conserving energy. This work tries to design these social practices as domestic practices that cannot be isolated from each other at the risk of rendering them meaningless. Research on first humans and fire domestication elaborate humans compared to animals, their forms of settlement, the relation that they maintain with the environment and its symbolic value. Construction practices, cooking, heating and lighting are all cultural productions that involve energy consumption and tell us about the relationship that Man has with his surrounding. Studying practices has also to be based on technical objects. Here, the process of technical spread is a contemporary data that had to be taken into account: times are no longer to make up effective tools, but to accumulate devices that operate independently. We conclude with the concept of "energy intelligence" as a behavioral data, apart from current political and media speeches. Understand ones living space, understand the organization of family life and its necessary adjustments are observation points that emphasize the need to consider the place of the body, as part of a mesological whole, within the approach of contemporary energy issues. ; Les pratiques domestiques liées à la consommation d'énergie ne sont pas un objet courant des sciences sociales contemporaines alors même qu'elles deviennent un enjeu mondial ; conséquence de la raréfaction et du renchérissement des ressources fossiles. La présente recherche propose, avec les outils des sciences sociales, de saisir la consommation d'énergie à travers l'étude des pratiques ...