Исследуется традиционное природопользование народов Причерноморья. ; This article determines contemporary forms of ethnic minorities, traditional nature management as promising subject area for Ethnic Monitoring. The perspective of development in the field of applied anthropology is defined in structure of tasks, concretized in Federal national policy of the Russian Federation for the period till 2025. The aim is to adapt methods of ethnological expertise to the solution of Government of the Russian problem — definition of criteria for evaluating the national policies effectiveness at the regional and municipal levels. The article pointed out that the traditional nature use can be studied only at the junction (border area) of several sciences: history, ethnology, sociology, economics, ecology, political science. The interdisciplinary nature of the research allows us considering the ethnic minorities nature use as a structural component of ethnic and regional economy. The internal and external factors of traditional nature use, forms transformation are demonstrated on the example of native and alien population of the Black Sea coast during the 19-20th centuries.
Статья посвящена анализу экономического аспекта социальной составляющей сущности человека. При любом, в том числе и экономическом, анализе общества, следует учитывать именно все многообразие мотивов и качеств человека. Достижение экономической выгоды не должно приводить к социальным потрясениям, к росту бездуховности общества, к глобальным экологическим проблемам. Поэтому одним из важнейших понятий экономических наук, экономической философии, экономической социологии, экономической антропологии и других смежных наук должно стать понятие оптимума как связующего звена между собственно экономическими, политическими, социальными и духовными целями и интересами человека. = The article is concerned with economic aspect of social element in human being. Performing any kind of analysis, including economical analysis, it is important to consider the whole variety of human's motives and personality. The process of reaping economic benefit shouldn't be resulted in social disruption, earthliness and global ecological problems. Therefore, the concept of optimum as a link between economical, political, social and spiritual aims and human's interests, should become one of the most important concepts in economics, economic philosophy, economic sociology, economic anthropology and other allied sciences.
В статье представлены основные периоды жизни, научной и государственной деятельности Василия Марковича Флоринского. Цель статьи – рассмотреть этапы деятельности В.М. Флоринского в Академии как воспитанника, ученого и государственного деятеля и показать его роль в развитие акушерства и гинекологи, антропологии, этнографии, истории медицины и народной медицины, а также его вклад в формирование евгеники и медицинской генетики. При исследовании применялись следующие методы: теоретический, анализ, биографический. В.М. Флоринский опубликовал более 330 научных работ. По различным разделам акушерства и гинекологии им опубликовано около 30 научных публикаций. Ученый предложил оригинальный метод для предупреждения разрывов промежности во время родов, в числе первых в России успешно применял хлороформ для обезболивания в родах, проводил гистологические различные исследования в области акушерства и гинекологии. Значительная часть публикаций В.М. Флоринского посвящена археологическим и этнографическим исследованиям. Обсуждение: биография В.М. Флоринского заинтересует специалистов гуманитарного и медицинского профилей, политиков и общественных деятелей. Вывод: рассмотрев основные периоды жизни, научной и государственной деятельности В.М. Флоринского, можно отметить его значимый вклад в развитие акушерства и гинекологи, антропологии, этнографии, истории медицины и народной медицины и в формирование евгеники и медицинской генетики. В.М. Флоринский как реформатор и администратор в системе университетского образования укрепил отечественный и международный авторитет российской науки. ; The main periods of life, scientific and state activity of Vasilij Markovich Florinsky. The purpose of the article is to consider stages of V.M. Florinsky's activity in the academy as a pupil, scientist and statesman and to show his role in the development of obstetrics and gynaecology, anthropology, ethnography, history of medicine and folk medicine, as well as his contribution to the formation of eugenics and medical genetics. During the study the following methods were applied: theoretical, analysis, biographical. V.M. Florinsky published more than 330 scientific works. He published about 30 scientific publications on various sections of obstetrics and gynaecology. The scientist proposed an original method to prevent ruptures of the perineum during childbirth, among the first in Russia he successfully used chloroform for anesthesia in childbirth, conducted various histological studies in the field of obstetrics and gynaecology. A significant part of V.M. Florinsky's publications is devoted to archaeological and ethnographic researches. Discussion: V.M. Florinsky's biography will arise interest in specialists of humanitarian and medical profiles, politicians and public figures. Conclusion: having considered the main periods of life, scientific and state activity of V.M. Florinsky, his significant contribution to the development of obstetrics and gynaecology, anthropology, ethnography, history of medicine and folk medicine and to the formation of eugenics and medical genetics can be noted. V.M. Florinsky as a reformer and administrator in the system of university education strengthened the domestic and international authority of Russian science.
The article explores the problem of globalization in the context of geopolitics. The author examines the transformation of particular geopolitical space in the context of modern globalization processes. He analyzes the "new world order", claimed by the subjects of globalization. The author argues that the government of the world on the basis of unipolarity is not effective as it leads to multiplication of disasters and sufferings of many nations. The historical development of Russia proves that the spiritual anthropology can not be personalistic only as moral anthropology investigates moral health of the nation and family. Moreover, the unique and the general are interrelated. The author argues that alternative projects of globalization should be based on the primacy of spiritual values that develop fundamental values, in contrast to the unattainable human values; the so-called "globalization of the spirit". The ideological foundation of the new projects can be, firstly, the idea of how the entire human civilization all humanity achieved sequential or joint development of cultural-historical types of people. Secondly the idea of unity and coevolution with nature, based on the philosophy of Russian cosmism - the phenomenon of global-historical dimension, expressing the spirit of Russian-Russian civilization; spirit, their aspiration for the future, to the disclosure of the meaning of human destiny and human capital opposing spirit, the spirit of market-capitalist civilization. ; В статье рассматривается проблема глобализации в контексте геополитики. Автор исследует особенности трансформации геополитического пространства в условиях протекания глобализационных процессов современности. Особое внимание уделяется анализу «нового мирового порядка», на который претендуют субъекты глобализации. Автор доказывает, что управление миром на базе однополярности не является оптимальным, поскольку несет в себе умножение бедствий и страданий многим народам. Историческое развитие России доказывает, что духовная антропология не может быть исключительно персоналистической, ибо духовное здоровье нации, семьи в равной степени входит в круг проблем духовной антропологии, более того - единичное и всеобщее здесь взаимозависимы. Автор доказывает, что альтернативные проекты глобализации должны базироваться на примате духовных ценностей, позволяющих выработать общие фундаментальные ценности, в отличие от недостижимых общечеловеческих ценностей; предполагается «глобализация духа». Идейной основой новых проектов может стать, во-первых, идея всечеловечества как всечеловеческой цивилизации, достигаемой последовательным или совместным развитием всех культурно-исторических типов народов; во-вторых, идея всеединства и коэволюции с природой, базирующаяся на философии русского космизма - явления глобально-исторического измерения, выражения духа русско-российской цивилизации; духа, своей устремленностью к будущему, к раскрытию смысла предназначения человека и человечества, противостоящего духу капитала, духу рыночно-капиталистической цивилизации.
Purpose: to find out the main reasons for divorce in old age, to assess social perception of certain situations that lead to divorce, to trace the development later in life after the divorce of former spouse. Methodology: qualitative research on how to "double reflection" in formal means of semi-structured interviews; discourse analysis of online documents on the Internet forums for the elderly. Results: allocated substantial characteristics of divorce in the third age. 1. The causes of divorce in older age, alcoholism, adultery, fake divorce, divorce due to the illness of a spouse, divorce is a consequence of the crisis of retirement. 2. Social approval/ condemnation of divorce in the third age - the examples cited in the study is an indicator of gender inequality. 3. The trajectories of the spouses later in life - "The effect of the return of" the wandering behavior, a new life, a divorce after the divorce. Practical implications - the creation of special courses on social gerontology for students of social and humanitarian disciplines, gerontologists, social workers, as well as the use of programs of socio-psychological training for the elderly.
The operating system of the law today, is indifferent to process of fatal transformation of narcoconsumers in criminals. Within the limits of scientific research RFH No. 11-13-02012а/У "Social and criminological preventive maintenance of the narcotizm in Bashkortostan Republic" authors have come to a conclusion, thatattempts to replace retaliatory, influence model on criminality, on preventive, have ended with failure. Restoration of the Soviet system of preventive maintenance in connection with transformation of our society in a society of consumer type is impossible, however its reconsideration is necessary. It is necessary to create system of search of gifted youth. The education system should not only open personal potential of teenagers, but also prepare them for living conditions in in highly competitive environment. The partnership of all subjects of an antinarcotic policy based on the law should become a necessary condition of preventive activity.
The notion of "political accommodation" applied to the theory and practice of managing cultural diversity could enrich the Russian academic dictionary. Liberal democratic states invented specific mechanisms for political accommodation of cultural differences. Thanks to these mechanisms, the part of the population of a democratic state that is not ready to dissolve into the ethnocultural majority is more or less protected. The law not only prohibits forced assimilation, but also contains a number of norms that allow ethnocultural minorities to maintain their distinctiveness by passing it on from generation to generation. However, this is the case in liberal democracies with a long history. In states that emerged as a result of the collapse of two multinational policies - Yugoslavia and the USSR - the situation sometimes looks quite specific. They take more active measures for cultural homogenization than in previous years. As for Russia, in recent years there have been symptomatic changes in the sphere of ethno-cultural policy, which, although with a number of reservations, can be described in terms of "nationalization".
