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El coeficiente de correlación de Pearson (r) entre la fuerza de agarre y la antropometría del antebrazo manual supone una relación existente o no lineal entre ellos. La recopilación de datos de las variables se obtuvo de diez adultos jóvenes, tanto en el antebrazo derecho como en el izquierdo, se tuvieron en cuenta algunas variables cualitativas: ser diestro, el género con cinco (5) hombres y cinco (5) mujeres, y se establecieron como condiciones que el individuo estaba sano y no tenía una carrera previa como atleta. Se concluye una relación lineal directa con la antropometría de la mano y la fuerza de agarre, aunque como se esperaba, existía una gran diferencia entre la fuerza ejercida por un individuo masculino y femenino, siendo la primera más fuerte. Respecto al antebrazo, se encontró una relación inversa entre la circunferencia máxima del antebrazo y la fuerza de agarre. Finalmente, las relaciones más fuertes encontradas fueron en el ancho y largo de la palma, así como en la circunferencia de la muñeca. Los resultados se validaron comparando los resultados de esta investigación con los resultados de literaturas especializadas. Algunas consideraciones pueden ser consideradas para futuras investigaciones. La fuerza de agarre puede promover el riesgo de accidentes y los ergónomos deben considerar este factor de manera adecuada para su diseño.

As a cultural creation, the face has a long history. Our relationship with the face is through its images: Mirrors, reflections, photographs, visions. The experience about the face deserves a genealogy, a careful attention because it is the product of a cultural construction that establishes the social status granted to the person. Different mediums of the image persisted in making faces visible or recognizable. The anthropometry of the 19th century established a new relationship between the face and the Self. Photography allowed us to explore, measure and classify the images of the face and of the human being. This explains the fascination with photography in Bertillon and Darwin. At the same time, the arrival of photography also opened the way to the era of the democratization of the face. But the images of faces that we will approach in this article are images produced by techniques of reconstruction and facial recognition based on biometric and genetic data. Biometrics seeks to recognize individuals through physical and behavioral traits, articulating an image technique with mathematical techniques. Even portraits have become instruments for surveillance. This responds to the conditioning of an apparatus that captures and determines behaviors and discourses. As Giorgio Agamben argues, certain apparatus have imposed themselves as spatial optical articulations, but also epistemic, political and ideological, capable of assuming a specific conception of the vision and position of the subject in front of the world. We define the face as an apparatus. If the history of the portrait pictures theory, as proposed by W. f. T. Mitchell, in relation to the history of the development of the process of individuation of the self, genetic biometrics dissolves it completely, since it is not a measure of the human but its negation.

Objective: We evaluated the current use and fit of structural firefighting gloves and developed an improved sizing scheme that better accommodates the U.S. firefighter population. Background: Among surveys, 24% to 30% of men and 31% to 62% of women reported experiencing problems with the fit or bulkiness of their structural firefighting gloves. Method: An age-, race/ethnicity-, and gender-stratified sample of 863 male and 88 female firefighters across the United States participated in the study. Fourteen hand dimensions relevant to glove design were measured. A cluster analysis of the hand dimensions was performed to explore options for an improved sizing scheme. Results: The current national standard structural firefighting glove-sizing scheme underrepresents firefighter hand size range and shape variation. In addition, mismatch between existing sizing specifications and hand characteristics, such as hand dimensions, user selection of glove size, and the existing glove sizing specifications, is significant. An improved glove-sizing plan based on clusters of overall hand size and hand/finger breadth-to-length contrast has been developed. Conclusion: This study presents the most up-to-date firefighter hand anthropometry and a new perspective on glove accommodation. The new seven-size system contains narrower variations (standard deviations) for almost all dimensions for each glove size than the current sizing practices. Application: The proposed science-based sizing plan for structural firefighting gloves provides a step-forward perspective (i.e., including two women hand model–based sizes and two wide-palm sizes for men) for glove manufacturers to advance firefighter hand protection.

Initial physical anthropology studies into ethnic diversity were largely dependent on comparative whole body and craniometric measurements, and through time assessments of ethnic diversity based on these measures exhibited increasing statistical sophistication. Since the 1990s, in Asia as elsewhere in the world, human diversity studies have increasingly utilized DNA-based analyses, with Y-chromosome and mtDNA markers providing complementary perspectives on the origins and gene pool structures of different ethnic groups. This approach is illustrated in a study of population genetic structure in PR China, in which DNA samples from the Han majority and eight ethnic minorities were analyzed. The Y-chromosome and mtDNA data showed multiple paternal geographical and ethnic origins but restricted maternal ancestries. However, interpretive problems were apparent in the definition of a number of the ethnic study populations, which appear to reflect political as well as genetic influences. In all anthropological studies, whether based on anthropometry or genomic analysis, unambiguous and appropriate community identification is a prerequisite.

BackgroundStructured exercise has shown to improve parameters of functional fitness in adults with Down syndrome (DS). However, few, if any, continue to exercise after exercise intervention studies. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of detraining on anthropometry, aerobic capacity and functional ability of adults with DS.MethodsIn a previous study, forty‐two participants either performed 12 weeks of interval training, continuous aerobic training or no training (CON). After 3 months of detraining, the same participants were tested again for anthropometry, aerobic capacity, leg strength and functional ability.ResultsSignificant reductions in maximal aerobic capacity, time to exhaustion and both functional test items were reported for both exercise groups compared to CON (p < .05). No significant differences were reported between the exercise groups concerning aerobic and functional capacity reductions.ConclusionDetraining occurred significantly in both exercise groups regarding parameters associated with aerobic and functional capacity.

Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether conventional anthropometric databases of the U.S. general population are applicable to the population of U.S. electric utility field-workers. Background: On the basis of anecdotal observations, field-workers for electric power utilities were thought to be generally taller and larger than the general population. However, there were no anthropometric data available on this population, and it was not known whether the conventional anthropometric databases could be used to design for this population. Method: For this study, 3 standing and 11 sitting anthropometric measurements were taken from 187 male field-workers from three electric power utilities located in the upper Midwest of the United States and Southern California. The mean and percentile anthropometric data from field-workers were compared with seven well-known conventional anthropometric databases for North American males (United States, Canada, and Mexico). Results: In general, the male field-workers were taller and heavier than the people in the reference databases for U.S. males.The field-workers were up to 2.3 cm taller and 10 kg to 18 kg heavier than the averages of the reference databases. Conclusion: This study was justified, as it showed that the conventional anthropometric databases of the general population underestimated the size of electric utility field-workers, particularly with respect to weight. Application: When designing vehicles and tools for electric utility field-workers, designers and ergonomists should consider the population being designed for and the data from this study to maximize safety, minimize risk of injuries, and optimize performance.