Suchergebnisse

In the spring of 1995, during works for the rehabilitation of a wall that closed the grotto of the Old Cemetery in the Sicilian village of Alia, the skeletal remains of the victims of the cholera outbreak of 1837 that had been rapidly interred here were brought to light. From that moment on, the Alia project was developed without interruption, analysing the biological evolution of the local population by exploiting study methods characteristic of different anthropological disciplines, such as skeletal biology, population genetics and biodemography. The book renders account of research completed and in progress carried out by academics from the Universities of Florence, Palermo, Parma, Cagliari, Turin and Göttingen. - Nella primavera del 1995, durante i lavori di risanamento al muro che chiudeva la grotta del Cimitero Vecchio del paese siciliano di Alia, erano tornati alla luce i resti scheletrici delle vittime dell'epidemia di colera del 1837, qui frettolosamente inumati. Da quel momento il progetto Alia si è sviluppato senza sosta, analizzando l'evoluzione biologica della popolazione aliese mediante le metodologie di studio tipiche di differenti discipline antropologiche quali la biologia scheletrica, la genetica di popolazione, la biodemografia. Il volume dà conto delle ricerche condotte e in corso da parte di studiosi delle Università di Firenze, Palermo, Parma, Cagliari, Torino e Göttingen.

This book is entirely devoted to the study of children's skeletons from archaeological and forensic contexts. It provides an extensive review of the osteological methods and theoretical concepts of their analysis. Non-adult skeletons provide a wealth of information on the physical and social life of the child from their growth, diet and age at death, to factors that expose them to trauma and disease at different stages of their lives. This book covers the factors that affect non-adult skeletal preservation; the assessment of their age, sex and ancestry; growth and development; infant and child mortality including infanticide; weaning ages and disease of dietary deficiency; skeletal pathology; personal identification and exposure to trauma from birth injuries, accidents and child abuse; providing insights for graduates and postgraduates in osteology, palaeopathology and forensic anthropology

AbstractAn adverse intra-uterine environment has been associated with abdominal fat distribution in singletons. Twins often have a low birth weight and a short gestation. Therefore, they may have an increased risk to develop abdominal obesity. Furthermore, monozygotic monochorionic twins (MZ MC) have a larger intra-pair birth weight difference compared to monozygotic dichorionic twins (MZ DC). If adult anthropometry is programmed in utero, this may affect the intra-pair correlations in adulthood and, consequently, also the results from the classic twin method to estimate genetic and environmental influences. In the present study, we compared the absolute values, the intra-pair differences, and the intra-pair correlations of body mass, height, BMI, and abdominal fat distribution of 424 MZ MC, MZ DC and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs (aged 18–34 yrs). DZ, MZ DC and MZ MC twins did not differ for most anthropometric characteristics. Only MZ women tended (p = 0.03) to accumulate more abdominal fat compared to DZ twins. Overall, the contribution of zygosity and chorion type to adult anthropometry was rather low (≤ 1.7%). Although the intra-pair birth weight difference of MZ MC pairs (10.5% in men, 12.3% in women) was significantly larger compared to that of MZ DC pairs (6.9% and 9.2% resp.), the intra-pair differences in adult anthropometry were similar for both MZ twin types. Also the intra-pair correlations of MZ MC and MZ DC pairs were strikingly alike, suggesting no significant influence of the prenatal environment on adult concordance. In conclusion, the substantial difference in the prenatal environment of MZ MC and MZ DC twins did not result in a difference in intra-pair concordance of adult anthropometry and fat distribution. Therefore, we suggest that the chorion type of MZ twins does not bias the twin design and the estimation of the genetic contribution to adult anthropometry.

Objective: To compare a small cellular clamshell phone with a traditional office phone in the development of discomfort and muscle fatigue over time during phone use. Background: Phone use involves low-level static exertions that may be influenced by phone design. Phone design and its interactions with anthropometry may change shoulder and hand postures assumed during use, which in turn may modify the length-strength relationship and moment arms of the muscles. Method: Ten adults participated in a study that simulated phone use using a small clamshell and a traditional office phone. Discomfort information and electromyographic (EMG) muscle activity were monitored on four upper extremity muscles. Discomfort and fatigue data (EMG median frequency shifts) were analyzed to assess differences between phones as well as differing effects attributable to anthropometry. Results: Median frequency shifts supported discomfort claims and indicated muscle fatigue in the deltoid and thenar muscles. Biomechanical measures demonstrated that participants with short limb lengths developed more severe signs of thenar fatigue. Participants with longer arms developed greater discomfort in the neck, shoulder, and back. The deltoid confirmed this occurrence, showing signs of muscle fatigue. Conclusion: Phone design and anthropometry influenced the development of discomfort and fatigue during phone use. Phone design dictated grip style, resulting in differing discomfort and fatigue levels. Anthropometry influenced the severity of the discomfort and fatigue present in the shoulder and hand. Application: Use of small clamshell phones may contribute to a lack of rest and recovery from typical workday exposures. It should be explored from an ergonomic perspective.

Objectives: Research aim was the determination of the dairy effects on the body changes in terms of body fat and mass because of the dairy calcium in the obese women about the weight loss diet. Methods: Research was a non-randomized controlled research study held at a government hospital of Turkey in the time of June – September, 2016. Obese women were made the part of research who consulted clinics of diet and nutrition. Participants were divided into groups on the basis of use of dairy products, three groups were such as dairy products group (control), high and low dairy groups. We also measured BP and anthropometry, blood chemistry analysis was also carried out before any intervention. Results: Research sample had selected sixty-five women with a mean age of (33.10 ± 6.18) years. Control group had 20 cases (30.7%), high dairy group included 22 cases (33.8%) and 23 cases (35.3%) were included in low dairy group. After the completion of the research body weight, waist, body mass index (BMI), hip circumferences, hip / waist ratio, percentage of body fat, fat mass decreased significantly with a statically significant p-value of (< 0.001); whereas, we observed no difference among the three groups. Levels of plasma total cholesterol was lowered (p-value < 0.05, p-value < 0.001) and levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were elevated (p-value < 0.05) in 2 interventional groups. There was a negative association of the systolic BP with dairy calcium (p-value = 0.460, p-value < 0.05). Conclusions: All the women involved in the weight loss program we observed non-effectiveness of the dairy products for obtaining loss in weight in comparison to the restriction of the calorie. Keywords: Anthropometry, Blood pressure, Blood chemistry, Dairy products and Caloric restriction

Background and Objective: Relationship between metabolic risk factors and waist-to-heigh t (WHtR) in population studies are well known. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship betwee n selected metabolic risk factors and waist-to-height ratio among employees in Vhembe District Municipality of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Materials and Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, the following anthropometric and metabolic variables were asses sed in 535 (Men = 249,Women = 286) local government employees (aged 24-65 years) of the Vhembe district, Limpopo province based on standardized protocols: Body Mass Index (BMI),waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), cholesterol (mmol L G 1 , TC) and fasting blood glucose (mmol L G 1 , FG). Data were analyzed using SPSS statistics version 21. Results: Majority (84.6%, males: 85.1%, females: 3.5%) of the participa nts were ground maintenance workers. The participants (65.2%) were classified as overweight (21.3%) and obese (43.9), females (20.6-60.5%) being more overweight and obese as compared to males (22-25%). Twenty-five percent of the total participants had an elevated level of fasting glucose, females (3.8%) being more af fected than males (3.2%). Fasting glucose was positively associated with th e BMI, Waist circumference (WC) and WHtR, especially in the gro unds maintenance workers. Conclusion: Female employees were more overweight and obese than their mal e counterparts. Furthermore, fasting glucose was high among the employees, with female being more affected than the males. Municipality managers had high levels of total cholesterol as compared to the ground maintenance work ers. It was evident that fatness was positively associated with elevated fasting glucose. From a public health perspective, the current results indicate the need for urgent strategic health promotion intervention among the employees in the Vhembe Local Municipality

The aim of this study was to quantify time changes in the body dimensions of male Australian Army personnel. Following a systematic review, two studies were identified and matched for occupation and age (n = 669) with time changes in 12 absolute and 11 proportional body dimensions assessed between 1977 and 2010–12. Changes in means were expressed as absolute, percent and standardised changes, with changes in variability assessed visually and as the ratio of coefficients of variation (CVs). Time changes in absolute dimensions were typically positive (increases) and moderate in magnitude (median standardised change ± 95%CI: 0.53 ± 0.23), and while changes in proportional dimensions were typically negligible (median standardised change ± 95%CI: 0.16 ± 0.33), substantial changes(standardised changes ≥0.2 or ≤–0.2) were observed in several dimensions. Variability in body dimensions has also typically increased (median ratio of CVs ± 95%CI: 1.10 ± 0.07) and become more right-skewed. These findings have important implications for the design and acquisition of new military vehicles, body equipment and clothing.

Abstract: Trans Jogja Shelter and Trans Jogja bus is a public facility to be provided by theProvincial Government Area of Yogyakarta to improve the public service especially in the sector of transportation land in the urban DIY to the various circles of society easy in choosing the purpose of the trip. The needs of the public in using the Trans Jogja bus as the means of transportation the city is very high. Based on observations, the Trans Jogja shelter and Trans Jogja bus always fi eld by a passenger with a wide variety of the size of the body and items brought. If at the time crowded, with the size of the shelter a little to make the user the shelter can't move it much and it may lead to thinkit isn't safe for the user the shelter and the bus, including passengers special needs like the difabel, elderly and pregnant women). This research aims to assess the problems found in the Public Facilities and the Trans Jogja shelter. This is done by evaluating, identifying and analyzing the existing condition in the space of public facilities. Then the repair is done by taking into account the accessibility and size of the user anthropometry. Repair is expected to be able to represent the design of a bus stop that can accomodate all circles and all interests and provide comfort to the user space. The method used in this research is observation, to scan directly at the Trans Jogja Shelter and bus Trans Jogja to see the way things are now with the use of media photos, map and diagram. Experiencing directly the atmosphere of the space to be a passanger on a bus in the area. Doing an interview with the user space and the method of analysis content that is both deskriptif.Keywords: layout shelter, passengers with special needs, accessibility, anthropometry,evaluationAbstrak: Halte Trans Jogja dan bus Trans Jogja adalah fasilitas umum yang disediakan olehPemerintah Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) untuk meningkatkan pelayanan publik khususnya pada sektor transportasi darat di kawasan perkotaan DIY untuk berbagai kalangan masyarakat agar masyarakat mudah dalam memilih tujuan perjalanan. Kebutuhan masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan bus Trans Jogja sebagai sarana transportasi kota sangat tinggi. Berdasarkan pengamatan, Halte Trans Jogja dan bus trans Jogja selalu dipenuhi oleh penumpang dengan berbagai macam ukuran tubuh dan barang yang dibawa. Apabila pada saat ramai, dengan ukuran ruang halte yang kecil membuat pengguna halte tidak dapat bergerak secara leluasa dan dapat mengakibatkan rasa tidak aman bagi pengguna halte dan bus, termasuk penumpang yang berkebutuhan khusus seperti kaum difabel (penyandang cacat, lanjut usia, dan perempuan hamil). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji permasalahan yang ditemukan pada Fasilitas Umum Halte dan bus Trans Jogja. Hal tersebut dilakukan dengan mengevaluasi, mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis kondisi eksisting pada ruang fasilitas umum tersebut. Lalu dilakukan perbaikan yaitu dengan memperhatikan aksesibilitas dan ukuran anthropometri pengguna. Perbaikan ini diharapkan dapat menghadirkan desain halte yang dapat mengakomodasi semua kalangan dan kepentingan dan memberikan kenyamanan kepada pengguna ruang. Metode yang digunakan dalam Penelitian ini adalah observasi, melakukan pengamatan langsung di halte Trans Jogja dan bus Trans Jogja untuk melihat keadaan sekarang dengan menggunakan media foto, peta dan sketsa. Mengalami langsung suasana ruang dengan menjadi penumpang pada bus tersebut. Melakukan wawancara dengan pengguna ruang dan metode analisis isi yang bersifat deskriptif.Kata kunci: tata ruang halte, penumpang berkebutuhan khusus, aksesibilitas, anthropometri, evaluasi