Through this study, we aim to shed light on anti-corruption bodies in Algeria their role in protecting public money, by knowing the competencies legally conferred on these mechanisms and powers that the legislator has granted to the national authority for the prevention and combating of corruption alike, with the aim of knowing how effective these are mechanisms in protecting public funds and achieving the deterrence and anti-corruption function in Algeria, and thus to what extent have the bodies charged with combating corruption contributed to protecting public money in Algerian legislation? To find out, we follow the analytical method to enrich the topic
One of the most vulnerable spheres of life of any individual is his / her private and family life. Therefore, this issue could not slip the attention of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950 (hereinafter - the Convention) (Council of Europe, 1950). In fact, there have always been some prejudices within this issue, as it is not a secret that accusations of violating an individual's right to privacy often provoke discussion in the public sphere. For example, when the UK Special Forces eliminated three terrorists (who were no longer resisting) on the territory of Gibraltar (Case of McCann and Others v. the United Kingdom, 1995), the media did not particularly intend to protect the right to life of these criminals. On the other hand, quite a few liberal media sources have resonantly responded to the interference with private life, when a group of stockbrokers and bankers were prosecuted for sadomasochism in a private residence. A similar behavior of the press was observed when discussing the mandatory use of seat belts. However, when considering the issues related to the violation of Article 8 of the Convention (Council of Europe, 1950), it is important to find answers to a few rather essential questions: Has there been an interference with private life under Article 8 § 1 of the Convention (Council of Europe, 1950)? If so, then – Is this interference sufficiently justified in the light of Article 8 § 2 of the Convention (Council of Europe, 1950), namely: Was the interference lawful? If yes, then – Did the interference have a lawful purpose? If yes, then – Was the interference necessary for a democratic society (can it be regarded as an adequate response to socially urgent necessity)? In case there arises a question concerning state's positive obligations, it will no longer belong to the jurisdiction of paragraph 2, but will touch upon the analysis of the issue whether state's positive obligation exists at all.
The article considers the current conditions in which such anti-corruption bodies as the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, the Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office, and the Supreme Anti-Corruption Court of Ukraine have to operate. Based on the opinions of scientists and experts, it has been established that anti-corruption bodies now face the following challenges: constant pressure from the authorities, irresponsibility of the majority of people's deputies, which makes it very difficult for these bodies to work; most citizens of our state perceive corruption as a relatively simple way to solve problems quickly. Ordinary citizens are accustomed, so to speak, to solving either complex or simple issues (in health care or education institutions, courts and other public institutions) "mainly through bribes to officials of lower levels of government who abuse their official position, using it for the purpose of illegal profit or for other selfish purposes; obvious abuse of power by top officials, misappropriation of state property, land, concealment of wealth. In view of this, corruption has been perceived for many years by scholars and ordinary citizens as perhaps the greatest threat to the progress of socio-economic development of the state, its formation as a democracy. The problem of combating corruption as one of the most dangerous phenomena of modern Ukrainian society, which has penetrated almost all spheres of life, is extremely acute not only in Ukraine but also in many developed European countries, including Italy, Germany, Great Britain, etc.). It has been proved that anti-corruption bodies have never become independent and autonomous in their activities. They are often pressured by the Prosecutor General's Office, deputies, and interfere in the investigation, which, of course, alarms international partners and civil society
Статтю присвячено аналізу нормативного забезпечення функціонування антикорупційних органів України.Відмітною рисою антикорупційної стратегії є виокремлення зони ризиків у антикорупційній політиці держави і втілення в життя пропозицій щодо викорінення корупційних елементів у процесі державотворення.Прийняття Антикорупційної стратегії в Україні дозволило створити нові антикорупційні органи, які існують в Європейському Союзі відповідно до вимог і норм, на підставі яких ведеться боротьба з корупцією. Наголошено, що прийняття нових чи вдосконалення існуючих законів не є гарантією ефективності здійснення такої діяльності. ; В статье анализируется юридическая литература и нормативная база деятельности специализированных антикоррупционных органов Украины. Дано краткое описание этапов развития антикоррупционной политики Украины времен независимости. Обобщены основные положення нормативных документов по обеспечению деятельности антикоррупционных органов Украины. Показано, что активное развитие системы антикоррупционных органов начато только с 2014 года и продолжается сейчас. ; The article states that by this time the issue of normative provision of anti-corruption activity was studied and analyzed by scientists on the basis of rapidly changing legislation, based on this it is proved that urgent and necessary is a detailed study.It is established that the adopted anti-corruption strategy for 2014-2017 provides for not only the comments made by international institutions, but also the provision of proposals on the state of corruption and its outspread. It is substantiated that the distinctive feature of the current strategy is the separation of the risk area in the anti-corruption policy of the state and the implementation of the proposals on the elimination of corruption elements in the process of state-building, as well as taking into account the shortcomings of the previous ones.Adoption of the Anticorruption Strategy allowed the creation of new anti-corruption bodies that exist in the European Union in accordance with the requirements and norms on the basis of which the fight against corruption is being conducted. At the same time, it is noted that the adoption of new or improvement of existing laws does not guarantee the effective conduct of such activities.
Статтю присвячено аналізу нормативного забезпечення функціонування антикорупційних органів України.Відмітною рисою антикорупційної стратегії є виокремлення зони ризиків у антикорупційній політиці держави і втілення в життя пропозицій щодо викорінення корупційних елементів у процесі державотворення.Прийняття Антикорупційної стратегії в Україні дозволило створити нові антикорупційні органи, які існують в Європейському Союзі відповідно до вимог і норм, на підставі яких ведеться боротьба з корупцією. Наголошено, що прийняття нових чи вдосконалення існуючих законів не є гарантією ефективності здійснення такої діяльності. ; В статье анализируется юридическая литература и нормативная база деятельности специализированных антикоррупционных органов Украины. Дано краткое описание этапов развития антикоррупционной политики Украины времен независимости. Обобщены основные положення нормативных документов по обеспечению деятельности антикоррупционных органов Украины. Показано, что активное развитие системы антикоррупционных органов начато только с 2014 года и продолжается сейчас. ; The article states that by this time the issue of normative provision of anti-corruption activity was studied and analyzed by scientists on the basis of rapidly changing legislation, based on this it is proved that urgent and necessary is a detailed study.It is established that the adopted anti-corruption strategy for 2014-2017 provides for not only the comments made by international institutions, but also the provision of proposals on the state of corruption and its outspread. It is substantiated that the distinctive feature of the current strategy is the separation of the risk area in the anti-corruption policy of the state and the implementation of the proposals on the elimination of corruption elements in the process of state-building, as well as taking into account the shortcomings of the previous ones.Adoption of the Anticorruption Strategy allowed the creation of new anti-corruption bodies that exist in the European Union in accordance with the requirements and norms on the basis of which the fight against corruption is being conducted. At the same time, it is noted that the adoption of new or improvement of existing laws does not guarantee the effective conduct of such activities.
The article states that by this time the issue of normative provision of anti-corruption activity was studied and analyzed by scientists on the basis of rapidly changing legislation, based on this it is proved that urgent and necessary is a detailed study.It is established that the adopted anti-corruption strategy for 2014-2017 provides for not only the comments made by international institutions, but also the provision of proposals on the state of corruption and its outspread. It is substantiated that the distinctive feature of the current strategy is the separation of the risk area in the anti-corruption policy of the state and the implementation of the proposals on the elimination of corruption elements in the process of state-building, as well as taking into account the shortcomings of the previous ones.Adoption of the Anticorruption Strategy allowed the creation of new anti-corruption bodies that exist in the European Union in accordance with the requirements and norms on the basis of which the fight against corruption is being conducted. At the same time, it is noted that the adoption of new or improvement of existing laws does not guarantee the effective conduct of such activities. ; В статье анализируется юридическая литература и нормативная база деятельности специализированных антикоррупционных органов Украины. Дано краткое описание этапов развития антикоррупционной политики Украины времен независимости. Обобщены основные положення нормативных документов по обеспечению деятельности антикоррупционных органов Украины. Показано, что активное развитие системы антикоррупционных органов начато только с 2014 года и продолжается сейчас. ; Статтю присвячено аналізу нормативного забезпечення функціонування антикорупційних органів України.Відмітною рисою антикорупційної стратегії є виокремлення зони ризиків у антикорупційній політиці держави і втілення в життя пропозицій щодо викорінення корупційних елементів у процесі державотворення.Прийняття Антикорупційної стратегії в Україні дозволило створити нові антикорупційні органи, які існують в Європейському Союзі відповідно до вимог і норм, на підставі яких ведеться боротьба з корупцією. Наголошено, що прийняття нових чи вдосконалення існуючих законів не є гарантією ефективності здійснення такої діяльності.
International anti-corruption treaties, including the UN Convention against Corruption, require member states to establish two types of anti-corruption institutions - one to prevent corruption and the other to combat corruption through law enforcement. The treaties also establish standards for such anti-corruption institutions - they should be independent, specialized and have sufficient resources to meet their challenging tasks. This book analyzes the main functions of prevention and combating corruption and discusses practical ways to ensure the independence, specialization and resources of anti-corruption bodies. The book further studies the different forms of specialization which exist in different countries and describes 14 anti-corruption agencies from around the world, including preventive, law-enforcement and combined or multipurpose agencies. Analysis of key factors which can lead anti-corruption bodies to success or failure, together with a rich body of country specific information, practical facts and contact details will make this book a useful tool for those policy-makers who seek to strengthen anti-corruption institutions in their countries.--Publisher's description
The article considers the current conditions in which such anti-corruption bodies as the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, the Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office, and the Supreme Anti-Corruption Court of Ukraine have to operate. Based on the opinions of scientists and experts, it has been established that anti-corruption bodies now face the following challenges: constant pressure from the authorities, irresponsibility of the majority of people's deputies, which makes it very difficult for these bodies to work; most citizens of our state perceive corruption as a relatively simple way to solve problems quickly. Ordinary citizens are accustomed, so to speak, to solving either complex or simple issues (in health care or education institutions, courts and other public institutions) "mainly through bribes to officials of lower levels of government who abuse their official position, using it for the purpose of illegal profit or for other selfish purposes; obvious abuse of power by top officials, misappropriation of state property, land, concealment of wealth. In view of this, corruption has been perceived for many years by scholars and ordinary citizens as perhaps the greatest threat to the progress of socio-economic development of the state, its formation as a democracy. The problem of combating corruption as one of the most dangerous phenomena of modern Ukrainian society, which has penetrated almost all spheres of life, is extremely acute not only in Ukraine but also in many developed European countries, including Italy, Germany, Great Britain, etc.). It has been proved that anti-corruption bodies have never become independent and autonomous in their activities. They are often pressured by the Prosecutor General's Office, deputies, and interfere in the investigation, which, of course, alarms international partners and civil society ; В статье рассмотрены условия, в которых приходится действовать таким антикоррупционным органам, как Национальное антикоррупционное бюро Украины, Специализированная антикоррупционная прокуратура и Высший антикоррупционный суд Украины. Опираясь на мнения ученых и экспертов, установлено, что перед антикоррупционными органами сейчас стоят такие вызовы. Доказано, что антикоррупционные органы не стали независимыми и самостоятельными в своей деятельности. На них часто давят сотрудники Генеральной прокуратуры, депутаты, вмешиваются в ход расследования, что, конечно, настораживает международных партнеров и гражданское общество ; У статті розглянуто умови, в яких сьогодні доводиться діяти таким антикорупційним органам, як Національне антикорупційне бюро України, Спеціалізована антикорупційна прокуратура та Вищий антикорупційний суд України. Охарактеризовано виклики, що стоять перед антикорупційними органами. Доведено, що у своїй діяльності вони так і не стали незалежними й самостійними. На них чинять тиск Генеральна прокуратура, у хід розслідування втручаються депутати різних рівнів, що, звісно, насторожує міжнародних партнерів і громадянське суспільство
Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia International anti-corruption treaties, including the UN Convention against Corruption, require member states to establish two types of anti-corruption institutions – one to prevent corruption and the other to combat corruption through law enforcement. The treaties also establish standards for such anti-corruption institutions – they should be independent, specialised and have sufficient resources to meet their challenging tasks. This book analyses the main functions of prevention and combating corruption and discusses practical ways to ensure the independence, specialisation and resources of anti-corruption bodies. The book further studies the different forms of specialisation which exist in different countries and describes 14 anti-corruption agencies from around the world, including preventive, law-enforcement and combined or multipurpose agencies. Analysis of key factors which can lead anti-corruption bodies to success or failure, together with a rich body of country specific information, practical facts and contact details will make this book a useful tool for those policy-makers who seek to strengthen anti-corruption institutions in their countries.
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"This book investigates the history, development and current state of anti-corruption agencies in Latin America. In recent decades, specialized anti-corruption agencies have sprung up as countries seek to respond to corruption and to counter administrative and political challenges. However, the characteristics, resources, power and performance of these agencies reflect the political and economic environment in which they operate. This book draws on a range of case studies from across Latin America, considering both national anti-corruption bodies and agencies created and administered by, or in close coordination with, international organizations. Together, these stories demonstrate the importance of the political will of reformers, the private interests of key actors, the organizational space of other agencies, the position of advocacy groups, and the level of support from the public at large. This book will be a key resource for researchers across political science, corruption studies, development, and Latin American Studies. It will also be valuable guide for policy makers and professionals in NGOs and international organizations working on anti-corruption advocacy and policy advice"--
The anti-corruption activity of the 1990s is characterized by the rise of new players, such as specialized anti-corruption bodies. Anti-corruption agencies (ACAs) are public bodies of a durable nature, with a specific mission to fight corruption and reducing the opportunity structures propitious for its occurrence in society through preventive and/or repressive measures. Independently of their format and powers, ACAs encounter various constraints to their mandate, which explains the meagre results obtained by some of them. This introductory paper tries to understand the rise, future, and implications of this new kind of "integrity warrior" and to locate them in the evolving doctrine of corruption control. The objective of this edited volume is to re-launch the debate on ACAs as the most innovative feature of the anti-corruption movement of the last two decades.
