Suchergebnisse

1. Definitions and basic concepts -- 2. Have antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes always been out there? -- 3. Human-related release of antibiotics into the environment -- 4. Spread of resistant organisms from human settlements into the environment -- 5. Impact of antibiotics and resistance in non-clinical settings.

Antibiotic resistance in the environment: expert perspectives -- Antibiotic resistant bacteria in wildlife -- Genomic surveillance for One Health antimicrobial resistance: understanding human, animal, and environmental reservoirs and transmission -- Antibiotic resistance in pharmaceutical industry effluents and effluent-impacted environments -- Antibiotic resistance in municipal wastewater: A special focus on hospital effluents -- Control strategies to combat dissemination of antibiotic resistance in urban water systems -- Antibiotic resistance, sanitation and public health -- Antibiotic resistance and sanitation in India: current situation and future perspectives -- Mitigating antimicrobial resistance risks when using reclaimed municipal wastewater for agriculture -- Antibiotic resistance in soil -- Religious Mass Gathering (Hajj) and Antimicrobial Resistance: From Challenges to Opportunities -- Human movement and transmission of anti-microbial resistant bacteria.

Antibiotics have revolutionized the treatment of infectious diseases. But their use and misuse have resulted in the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. This is now a significant health problem: each year in the European Union alone over 25 000 people die from infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Antibiotic resistance is also a food safety problem: antibiotic use in food animals -for treatment disease prevention or growth promotion - allows resistant bacteria and resistance genes to spread from food animals to humans through the food-chain. This publication explores

For an American in the 21st century, it is hard to imagine the world before antibiotics. At the beginning of the 20th century, as many as nine women out of every 1,000 who gave birth died, 40 percent from sepsis. In some cities as many as 30 percent of children died before their first birthday. One of every nine people who developed a serious skin infection died, even from something as simple as a scrape or an insect bite. Pneumonia killed 30 percent of those who contracted it; meningitis killed 70 percent. Ear infections caused deafness; sore throats were not infrequently followed by rheumati

Characterization methods for microbial communities present in contaminated soils -- Antibiotic Resistance Genes as contaminants in Industrial Waste Water Treatment -- Bacteriophages: A strategy to combat antibiotic resistance in waste water treatment plants -- The emergence of Waste Water Treatment Plant as a leading source for dissemination of Antibiotic-Resistant Gene -- Increasing Prevalence of Antibiotic-resistant genes in industrial wastewater: impact on public health -- Antibiotic resistance genes as emerging contaminants in industrial waste water treatment -- Characterization and Dynamic Shift of Microbial Communities in wastewater treatment plant.

Cover -- Half Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Declaration -- About the Editor -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributors -- List of Abbreviations -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Antimicrobial Resistance: A Priority for Global Health Action -- References -- Chapter 2 Antimicrobial Resistance Among Migrants in Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis -- Summary -- Introduction -- Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Molecular Typing For Understanding Sexual Networks And Antimicrobial Resistance Transmission: A Systematic Review -- Summary -- Introduction -- Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- Author Contribution -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 4 Enhancing Pharmacists' Role In Developing Countries To Overcome The Challenge Of Antimicrobial Resistance: A Narrative Review -- Abstract -- Background -- Method -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Authors' Contributions -- References -- Chapter 5 Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms and Potential Synthetic Treatments -- Abstract -- Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms -- Molecular Applications Against AMR Bacteria -- Conclusion -- Authors' Contributions -- References -- Chapter 6 Antimicrobial Activity of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Opportunistic Microorganisms: A Systematic Review -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Material and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7 Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms among Campylobacter -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms in Campylobacter -- Factors Influencing Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter -- Epidemiology of Fluoroquinolone And Macrolide Resistance in Campylobacter -- Development And Transmission Of Antibiotic Resistance in Campylobacter.

This volume summarizes and updates information about antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR)/antibiotic resistant genes (ARG) production, including their entry routes in soil, air, water and sediment, their use in hospital and associated waste, global and temporal trends in use and spread of antibiotics, AMR and ARG. Antimicrobial/antibiotic resistance genes due to manure and agricultural waste applications, bioavailability, biomonitoring, and their Epidemiological, ecological and public health effects. The book addresses the antibiotic and AMR/ARG risk assessment and treatment technologies, for managing antibiotics and AMR/ARG impacted environments The book's expert contributions span 26 chapters, and offer a comprehensive framework for better understanding and analyzing the environmental and social impacts of antibiotics and AMR/ARGs. Readers will have access to recent and updated models regarding the interpretation of antibiotics and AMR/ARGs in environment and biomonitoring studies, and will learn about the management options require to appropriately mitigate environmental contaminants and pollution. The book will be of interest to students, teachers, researchers, policy makers and environmental organizations.

Drawing on historical and ethnographic research on tuberculosis in India, Bharat Jayram Venkat explores what it means to be cured and what it means for a cure to be partial, temporary, or selectively effective.

For 50 years, antibiotics have been dispensed like sweets. This must not be allowed to continue. This unique book assembles contributions from experts around the world concerned with responsible use of antibiotics and the consequences of overuse. For the first time, it provides up to the minute texts on both the theoretical aspects of antibiotic stewardship and the practical aspects of its implementation, with consideration of the key differences between developed and developing countries. All concerned with teaching, practice and administration of clinical medicine, surgery, pharmacy, public health, clinical pharmacology, microbiology, infectious diseases and clinical therapeutics will find Antibiotic Policies: Theory and Practice essential reading. Antibiotic use and resistance is not just the responsibility of specialists in the field but the responsibility of all doctors, pharmacists, nurses, healthcare administrators, patients and the general public.

This work is a detailed survey of food safety issues today, from E-coli contamination in fruits and vegetables to food production practices that increase antibiotic resistance.

'The Maternal Sepsis Intervention has had a profound impact on maternal mortality and antibiotic use whilst also reducing hospital costs. The Ministry of Health is keen to explore opportunities to extending the lessons learnt and integrate them in national policy-making.' -Dr. Richard Mugahi, Ministry of Health, Uganda. This open access book provides an accessible introduction to the mechanics of international development and global health text for policy-makers and students across a wide range of disciplines. Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to the well-being of patients and health systems the world over. In fragile health systems so challenged, on a day-today basis, by the overwhelming burden of both infectious and non-communicable disease, it is easy to overlook the impacts of AMR. The Maternal Sepsis Intervention, focusing on a primary cause of maternal death in Uganda, demonstrates the systemic nature of AMR and the gains that can be made through improved Infection Prevention Control and direct engagement of laboratory testing in antibiotic prescribing.

The report summarizes the current knowledge on antibiotic contaminations in soils. The study raises concerns regarding the contamination of manure, anaerobic digestate and sewage sludge with antibiotic mixtures and discusses their ecotoxicological effects and spread of antimicrobial resistance in soils. Overall aims were mainly to identify antibiotic mixtures typically applied in veterinary and human medicine, to evaluate reports on mixtures and contamination levels occurring in soils and in organic waste materials applied to soil as fertilizer, to summarize mixture effects for soil(micro)organisms, and to identify major knowledge gaps to propose further steps for research and regulation.