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Contents.--Pt. 1. Dati antropologici ed etnologici. [v. 1.] Atlante della geografia antropologica d'Italia.--pt. 1 [v. 2] Testo e tavole.--Pt. 2. Dati demografici e biologici. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Contents.--Pt. 1. Dati antropologici ed etnologici. [v. 1.] Atlante della geografia antropologica d'Italia.--pt. 1 [v. 2] Testo e tavole.--Pt. 2. Dati demografici e biologici. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"Indice degli autori citati": v. 1, verso of third prelim. leaf; v. 2, p. [vi]. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The dietary inflammatory index (DII) is a new tool to assess the inflammatory potential of the diet. In the present study, we aimed to determine the association between the DII and BMI, waist circumference and waist:height ratio (WHtR). We conducted a cross-sectional study of 7236 participants recruited into the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea trial. Information from a validated 137-item FFQ was used to calculate energy, food and nutrient intakes. A fourteen-item dietary screener was used to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDiet). Sex-specific multivariable linear regression models were fitted to estimate differences (and 95 % CI) in BMI, waist circumference and WHtR across the quintiles of the DII. All nutrient intakes, healthy foods and adherence to the MeDiet were higher in the quintile with the lowest DII score (more anti-inflammatory values) except for intakes of animal protein, saturated fat and monounsaturated fat. Although an inverse association between the DII and total energy was apparent, the DII was associated with higher average BMI, waist circumference and WHtR after adjusting for known risk factors. The adjusted difference in the WHtR for women and men between the highest and lowest quintiles of the DII was 1·60 % (95 % CI 0·87, 2·33) and 1·04 % (95 % CI 0·35, 1·74), respectively. Pro-inflammatory scores remained associated with obesity after controlling for the effect that adherence to a MeDiet had on inflammation. In conclusion, the present study shows a direct association between the DII and indices of obesity, and supports the hypothesis that diet may have a role in the development of obesity through inflammatory modulation mechanisms. ; The PREDIMED trial was supported by the official funding agency for Biomedical Research of the Spanish Government, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), through grants provided to research networks specifically developed for the trial: RTIC G03/140 (Coordinator: R Estruch, MD, PhD), CIBERobn, and RTIC RD 06/0045 (Coordinator: MA Martínez-González, MD, PhD). We also acknowledge grants from Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares CNIC 06/2007, Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (PI04-2239, PI 05/2584, CP06/00100, PI07/0240, PI07/1138, PI07/0954, PI 07/0473, PI10/01407, PI11/01647), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (AGL-2009-13906-C02, AGL2010-22319-C03), Fundación Mapfre 2010, Public Health Division of the Department of Health of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia and Generalitat Valenciana (ACOMP06109, GVACOMP2010-181, GVACOMP2011-151, CS2010-AP-111 and CS2011-AP-042), and a joint contract (CES09/030) with the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the Health Department of the Catalan Government (Generalitat de Catalunya).

El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la trayectoria científica desplegada por Matus entre los años 1906 y 1915, examinando las prácticas de recolección y organización de los datos utilizados para la antropometría y la antropología, las discusiones metodológicas sobre la aplicación de técnicas e instrumentos utilizados en ambas disciplinas, como así también el establecimiento de relaciones académicas y los diálogos que sostuvo con las distintas instituciones y agentes involucrados. En un contexto marcado por la búsqueda de la especificidad de "la raza chilena", ambas investigaciones, le permitieron a Matus elaborar un retrato científico capaz de revelar las características raciales de la población chilena. ; This paper describes the scientific career developed by Matus between 1906 and 1915. Particularly, attention is paid to the collection and organization of his anthropometrical and anthropological data, to his methodological discussions on techniques and instruments used, and to the academic and institutional networks he built throughout. In a context where defining a "Chilean race" was a prominent scientific and political objective, both studies allowed Matus to establish a scientific definition over the racial characteristics of the Chilean population.

Introduction: Physical fitness is a fundamental capability required of military personnel, but studies focusing on longitudinal changes in physical fitness and anthropometrics in soldiers are lacking. The aim was to evaluate physical fitness and anthropometrics in soldiers during their early career. Methods: A 3-year prospective study included 180 male soldiers (baseline age 26±2 years) with measures of a 12 min running test, standing long jump, sit-up and push-up tests, and body mass, height and waist circumference (WC). Baseline data were stratified into tertiles, and the changes within each tertile were analysed using dependent t-tests and analysis of variance. Results: 12 min running test distance decreased on average by 2% (−54 m), sit-up performance 3% (−1.5 repetitions (reps)/min), push-up performance 4% (−1.9 reps/min) and standing long jump performance 1% (−2.1 cm) over the 3-year period (p<0.05). Both aerobic and muscular fitness decreased consistently among the highest baseline tertile (12 min running test: −70 m, sit-ups: −3.2 reps/min, push-ups: −7.5 reps/min, standing long jump: −5.5 cm; p<0.001), whereas both aerobic and muscular fitness levels were maintained and push-up performance was improved (p<0.05) in the lowest baseline tertiles. Body mass increased on average by 4% (+3.4 kg) and WC by 4% (+3.9 cm) (p<0.001), and these increases were observed for all baseline tertiles (p<0.05). Conclusions: Small decrements in physical fitness and anthropometrics exist during the early career of soldiers. The changes in physical fitness differed according to baseline fitness levels. The results indicate that support for exercise training may be needed even in a soldier's early career. ; peerReviewed

Contiene: De la Sección de Anatomía y Fisiología, acerca de la obra "Antropometria Militare", del Dr. Ridolfo Livi.-- págs. 365-379

Introduction: Military training programmes are often similar for male and female recruits despite sex differences in physical performance that may influence training adaptations during military service. The present study aimed to compare changes in physical fitness and anthropometrics between Finnish female and male recruits during military service. Methods: A total of 234 690 male and 3549 female recruits participated in fitness tests at the beginning and end of military service between 2005 and 2015. Anthropometric measurements were body mass, height, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Fitness tests consisted 12 min running, standing long jump, and sit-ups and push-ups. Results: No changes were observed in anthropometrics, while both sexes improved most of the fitness test results. After adjustment for service time, branch, age, initial fitness test results, BMI and WC, improvement in running test performance was 158 m (95% CI 142 to 173, p≤0.001) greater in male than female recruits. Similarly, improvements were larger in male recruits for push-ups (5 reps/min, 95% CI 5 to 6, p≤0.001), sit-ups (2 reps/min, 95% CI 2 to 3, p≤0.001) and standing long jump (12 cm, 95% CI 11 to 13, p≤0.001) when compared with women. Conclusions: The study revealed sex differences in adaptations to the standardised military training. Both male and female recruits improved their physical fitness, but smaller gains were observed in women using the same training programme. The mechanisms explaining sex differences in adaptations to military training, and whether tailored training programmes are needed specifically for female recruits to reduce sex differences during military service, warrants further studies. ; peerReviewed

Esta Tesis Doctoral aborda el tema de las condiciones de vida de los españoles del siglo XX desde una medida de bienestar alternativa, la estatura. El uso de esta variable antropométrica como un indicador de la calidad de vida disfrutada por los hombres desde su nacimiento hasta el final del crecimiento se basa en que la estatura refleja la diferencia que existe entre los nutrientes ingeridos por el cuerpo humano y la energía gastada en el mantenimiento de los sistemas corporales, en la actividad física y en la enfermedad. Este hecho hace que la estatura mantenga relaciones funcionales con un gran número de variables, principalmente dieta, enfermedad y trabajo, que a su vez dependen de otros factores como son la renta disponible, la distribución social de ésta, el precio de los alimentos y del resto de los bienes, el grado de salubridad del entorno, la higiene pública, la densidad de población, las condiciones médico-sanitarias (profilaxis, terapéutica, estado de la tecnología médica y acceso a ésta), etc. Por lo tanto, la estatura permite medir el medioambiente social, económico y epidemiológico en el que viven los hombres, lo que se le hace ser simultáneamente indicador de bienestar material y de las condiciones de vida. Las aportaciones originales de la Tesis son de dos tipos: construcción de series y análisis de las series de estatura y las relaciones de ésta con su determinantes. En primer lugar y por primera vez en nuestro país, se obtiene a partir de los datos de estatura obtenidos de los expedientes militares de los reclutas españoles una serie nacional de estatura des 1893 a 1999, así como series regionales, por categorías socioprofesionales y por lugar de residencia, observándose diversos periodos de aumento y descenso de las estaturas medias, así como grandes diferencias geográficas y especialmente sociales. En segundo lugar, se intenta establecer el patrón de respuesta del organismo a las influencias meidoambientales que afectan a la estatura, y para ello se recurre a otra variable, la mortalidad, ya ...

Las tablas de referencia con las que se trabaja actualmente en el país, para determinar las variables antropométricas y fisiológicas, son referentes internacionales. Se pretende construir las tablas de referencia departamentales para conocer el biotipo del escolar risaraldense y hacer un seguimiento de crecimiento y desarrollo de manera longitudinal a través de una plataforma web, y obtener información permanentemente actualizada que apoye la toma de decisiones gubernamentales, con la posibilidad de implantar la herramienta en otros departamentos. ; The reference tables with those currently working in the country, to determine the anthropometric and physiological variables are international relations. It is intended to build the tables to know the reference department of the school biotype Risaralda and monitor growth and development of longitudinal manner through a web platform, and updated information to support government decision-making, with the possibility of implement the tool in other departments

Objective: to assess the long-term evolution of biological living standards in rural Catalonia and to compare it with the corresponding figures in urban areas. Methods: using data from military records of conscripts from six towns in western Catalonia, we construct an annual height series. Height is standardised at the age of 21 years. We also construct a body mass index (BMI) for conscripts born in 1891 and 1934-39. The annual height series for western Catalonia is systematically compared to the series for Reus, Catalonia's second largest city during the second half of the 19th century. Results: comparing the cohorts born in the periods 1840-49 and 1951-60, we find that height increased by 5.7 centimetres over this period. However, the increase was not distributed equally over time. In the second half of the 19th century, rural heights stagnated over the long run and declined relative to urban heights. In the cohorts born in the decades between 1910 and 1950, rural heights rose by more than 5 centimetres, and converged with those of Reus. Conclusion: we provide new evidence for the current debate on the rural-urban height gap. Between the 1840s and the 1950s, heights in rural western Catalonia grew at rates similar to those recorded in certain urban areas, but growth rates differed depending on the period of analysis. This study underlines the importance of adopting long-term perspectives, and stresses that rural-urban height differences tend to be time-and space-specific.

The project "Study and ergonomics analysis in the Universidad Militar Nueva Granda offices, at administrative levels (adviser, executive, professional, technician and welfare)" has four phases: diagnosis, study of enviromental conditions, antropometric studies and design of the training plan. In this article, We describe the first phase, which consists on the evaluation of ergonomic issues at Universidad Militar. The information was collect through surveys and observation formats and statisticaly analysed with comercial software. Based on the results four critical points were identified, iluminatión, industrial safety, designs of work station as well as the perception of the employees about ergonomics. Two noncritical points were identified, noise and temperature. This will be subject of future research. ; El proyecto "Estudio y análisis ergonómico en las oficinas de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada en los niveles administrativos (asesor, ejecutivo, profesional, técnico y asistencial)", esta constituido por cuatro fases: diagnóstico, estudio de condiciones ambientales, estudio antropométrico y diseño del plan de capacitación. En este artículo, Nosotros describimos la primera fase, que consiste en evaluar los aspectos ergonómicos de la Universidad Militar. La recolección de información a través de encuestas y formatos de observación y se realizo un análisis estadísticos de un software comercial. Basado en resultados cuatro puntos críticos fueron identificados, iluminación, seguridad industrial, diseño de puestos de trabajo, así como también la percepción de los empleados frente a la ergonomía. Dos factores no críticos fueron identificados, el ruido y la temperatura. Estos serán sujeto de futuras investigaciones.

Introduction. The physical fitness of male conscripts has decreased, and body mass increased during the last few decades, especially in Nordic countries. However, limited research-based reports are available concerning the physical fitness profiles of female recruits. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate changes in physical fitness and body composition of female recruits entering voluntary Finnish military service between the years 2005 and 2015. Materials and methods. Data were collected from the initial fitness tests performed in military units during the first two weeks of military service. A total of 3875 healthy female recruits (19.9±2.1 yr.) participated in the fitness tests. Fitness tests consisted 12-min running test and muscle fitness tests, which were sit-ups, push-ups and standing long jump. Results. Increases in mean body mass (4.2%, p≤0.01) and body mass index (3.8%, p<0.01) were observed between 2005 and 2015. In addition, the proportion of overweight and obese female recruits increased by 12% (p≤0.001). Mean endurance performance and overall muscle fitness remained unaltered during the study period, except for a decline in push-ups performance. However, the proportion of female recruits with poor endurance performance increased from 19.6% to 27.8% (p≤0.001) between 2005 and 2015. Body mass was inversely associated with 12-minute running test distance (r=-0.35, p≤0.001) and muscle fitness index (r=-0.25, p≤0.001). Conclusions. In conclusion, the present study revealed that an increasing proportion of female recruits are overweight and/or have poor endurance performance, which are known risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries and premature discharge from military service. Therefore, specialized training programs should be designed specifically for female recruits with lower levels of fitness prior to military service. ; peerReviewed

El planteamiento principal que se persigue con esta Tesis Doctoral es abordar la evolución del nivel de vida biológico y la calidad de vida en el sureste de Castilla-La Mancha durante el siglo XX. En esta centuria, los indicadores macroeconómicos se caracterizan por la modernización de las estructuras productivas y un crecimiento económico interrumpido por la Guerra Civil y la posguerra. Se trata de un periodo trascendental de nuestra historia económica y social, marcado por profundas transformaciones y cambios políticos. Esta Tesis doctoral pretende analizar el impacto que los cambios estructurales produjeron en los niveles de vida y el bienestar biológico de Castilla-La Mancha. Para ello, se exploran las relaciones existentes entre el desarrollo económico, los cambios demográficos, la desigualdad y el papel desempeñado por las instituciones y los poderes públicos, cuyo objeto es comprobar cómo estas relaciones influyeron en el bienestar humano de la zona de estudio elegida: el municipio de Hellín (Provincia de Albacete). Como principal fuente se usan los datos de talla contenidos en los Expedientes Generales de Reemplazo (Capítulo 2). Esta fuente alberga el conjunto de mozos que fueron medidos para cumplir con el servicio militar entre 1908 y 1985. E periodo es suficientemente largo como para explorar la tendencia secular de la estatura. Dicha investigación se apoya también en un tratamiento metodológico (Capítulo 2) relativamente nuevo para los historiadores. En este sentido, utiliza indicadores del bienestar humano poco convencionales desde el punto de vista económico como la estatura, el peso y el índice de masa corporal. Así pues, el marco teórico-metodológico se sustenta en las recientes investigaciones de historia antropométrica, llevadas a cabo por historiadores económicos en colaboración con antropólogos físicos y expertos en biología humana. El planteamiento se lleva a cabo a partir de un estudio de caso: el municipio de Hellín. En este municipio predominaron las actividades agrarias, no existió un ...

The project "Study and ergonomics analysis in the Universidad Militar Nueva Granda offices, at administrative levels (adviser, executive, professional, technician and welfare)" has four phases: diagnosis, study of enviromental conditions, antropometric studies and design of the training plan. In this article, We describe the first phase, which consists on the evaluation of ergonomic issues at Universidad Militar. The information was collect through surveys and observation formats and statisticaly analysed with comercial software. Based on the results four critical points were identified, iluminatión, industrial safety, designs of work station as well as the perception of the employees about ergonomics. Two noncritical points were identified, noise and temperature. This will be subject of future research. ; El proyecto "Estudio y análisis ergonómico en las oficinas de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada en los niveles administrativos (asesor, ejecutivo, profesional, técnico y asistencial)", esta constituido por cuatro fases: diagnóstico, estudio de condiciones ambientales, estudio antropométrico y diseño del plan de capacitación. En este artículo, Nosotros describimos la primera fase, que consiste en evaluar los aspectos ergonómicos de la Universidad Militar. La recolección de información a través de encuestas y formatos de observación y se realizo un análisis estadísticos de un software comercial. Basado en resultados cuatro puntos críticos fueron identificados, iluminación, seguridad industrial, diseño de puestos de trabajo, así como también la percepción de los empleados frente a la ergonomía. Dos factores no críticos fueron identificados, el ruido y la temperatura. Estos serán sujeto de futuras investigaciones.