Suchergebnisse

The subject of the study is the main theoretical and practical issues of the fiscal policy implementation. The purpose of the article is to study theoretical postulates that reveal the essence and peculiarities of fiscal policy, as well as assess the problems of implementing fiscal policy in Ukraine. The research hypothesizes that the government's moves towards the most favourable financial environment will allow the Ukrainian economy to make better use of the potential of market institutions (insurance, credit, banks, etc.) in the budgeting process and direct the fiscal policy towards easing the tax burden. The purpose and hypothesis of the study determine its tasks. Methods of the research. In accordance with the logic of the scientific search, the article used theoretical analysis, including consideration of individual traits and identification of new characteristics of problems, comparison, mathematical and statistical methods. The results of the work. It is shown that the transformation of the role and functions of the state in society influence the formation and evolution of fiscal policy. The accent is made on the ambiguity of the interpretation of fiscal policy by the scientific community. It is proposed to consider the concept of «fiscal policy» in a broad and narrow sense; in terms of objective and subjective signs; economic content and forms of manifestation, etc. Fiscal policy is a powerful tool for economic development of the country. The priority directions of fiscal policy are named. A weighted approach to shaping and implementing fiscal policy requires taking into account the influence of exogenous and endogenous factors that determine decision-making. In addition, when developing the main directions of fiscal policy, the state should proceed from the need to maintain financial stability and prevent the fall of the standard of living of citizens. Explored is the discrepancy between the strategic goal of fiscal policy and ways to achieve it, as well as a number of other contradictions inherent in ...

Introduction. The study of theoretical and empirical aspects of the accumulative pension system should help to identify patterns and contradictions of its development in society. In order to conduct an effective economic policy on the introduction of a funded pension system, it is necessary to define a theoretical concept of a model of the active role of the state in socio-economic processes or a moderate liberal model. Reforming the pension system is a rather long process and requires both the definition of the main directions, principles and measures for the development of the funded pension system, and changes in the values, principles and norms of behavior of citizens.The purpose is to substantiate the theoretical concept, trends, problems of the accumulative pension system and the directions of its introduction into society.Research methods are based on the dialectical method of scientific knowledge and a systematic approach to knowledge of economic phenomena and processes, theoretical generalization, systematization, which allowed to reveal the problems of the accumulative pension system based on theoretical concepts and economic-statistical analysis of demographic load of working age and after working age.Results. The indicators influencing the introduction of the second level of the pension system were monitored. The dynamics of indicators of demographic load of the population of pre-working and post-working age is analyzed. The focus is on the peculiarities of wages and final consumer expenditures of households and the general government sector. It was found that in general, citizens belong to the elderly population, so to prevent further deterioration of the ratio between age groups, it is advisable to increase the effectiveness of the social insurance system. The expediency of paying more attention to actuarial statistics to determine the future size of pensions and their exact calculation is substantiated.Prospects. Further research is important to focus on improving the efficiency of the multi-component funded pension system in the context of ensuring compliance with the values, principles and norms of the society.

Problem setting. It has always been recognized by different scholars of social sciences that concepts are essential both to theory construction in different scientific realms as well as to applied research. A practical approach to concepts suggests that concepts, however complicated they might be, should be, in essence, boiled down to measurable indicators that, in turn, can be thoroughly studied by applying qualitative or quantitative approaches. Discussion around the nature of the concepts in social science in general and particularly in the political science brought about a number of terms to denote the concepts like «essentially contested concepts» or «nomadic concepts». In order to avoid the bothersome discussion of the meaning of concepts, a prominent American scholar of social science research methodology and international relations G. Goertz said that he preferred to define concepts implicitly through a discussion of how they could be constructed. He coined the term «semantic approach» to denote the traditional approach to concepts and his alternative approach is what this article critically analyzes in comparison to other approaches to concepts ' studies, including the traditional ones. Recent research and publications analysis. A great number of scholars contributed to the studies of concepts, among them G. Sartori, J. Gerring, Ch. Ragin, D. Collier, M. Richter and others. After W. B. Gallie coined the expression «essentially contested concepts» in 1956, a discussion on the phenomenon of «contestedness» of social and political concepts has commenced and never stopped. Among the very recent contributions to analysis of concepts the papers of M. W. Spicer, F. Berenskoetter and C. Greene should be mentioned. Paper objective is to identify both advantages and disadvantages of applied approaches to political concepts' construction that go beyond the traditional semantic approach and that, in turn, implies a closer examination of a causal, ontological, and realist view of concepts, suggested by G. Goertz, ...

The article focuses on the nature, content and interconnection between the main categories of the energy services market. The purpose of the research paper is to substantiate theoretical and applied aspects of developing the energy services market and put forward proposals for their further implementation into practice in Ukraine. Based on a systematic analysis and methods of analysis and synthesis it is proved that efficiency, viewed as an economic, technical and technological category, is an essential factor in the sustainable growth of the national economy.It is pointed out that increasing energy efficiency is linked with energy modernization in the basic sectors of Ukraine's national economy as well as the application of brand new technologies, non-conventional and renewable energy sources, which can be implemented in the framework of market relations. The energy services market may serve as an organizational, economic and institutional form of such relationsThe research paper highlights the essence and content of the main categories of the energy services market: energy services, market structure and its basic characteristics, market actors and their interaction.The concept of an efficient industry market is applied for theoretical rationalizing of market structure and its basic features, which makes it possible to identify interdependence between all its components and address the peculiarities of energy services.It is found that the basic terms of supply in the market of energy services are limited due to the imperfection of the institutional and economic environment. The basic conditions of demand are characterized by high price elasticity on personal income and contradiction of behavior depending on the government's social policy and costs of fuel and energy resources. High elasticity of demand and lack of substitute services result in the impossibility of developing a clear pricing strategy and affect the efficiency of market actors. The market structure is characterized by a high level of market barriers, caused by the peculiarities of providing energy services, which require the availability of high-tech equipment, special mechanisms, highlyskilled personnel, and the availability of a license.It is emphasized that market behavior is a marketing complex that requires flexibility in choosing a pricing strategy, advertising products, market research, engineering and technology research, and service delivery. Institutional provision requires an adequate state policy and informal imperatives of civil society in the field of energy efficiency of the national economy. The scheme of interaction between actors of the market of energy services is developed and functional interrelations between them in business operations are defined.

The article investigates the applied and theoretical aspect of the methodology of economic research of business entities in a modern competitive market. The concept of the subject and object of scientific research is established and four features of research objects are indicated. It is established that the method is a method of studying phenomena, which determines a systematic approach to the study of their scientific knowledge and the establishment of truth. The essence of the specifics of economic methodology is studied and the main methods of economic research using general scientific methods in economics are considered, including: method of hypothesis and forecasting, method of analogy and comparisons, methods of induction and deduction, static and dynamic, statistical and mathematical methods, method of computer processing, cumulative method of accumulation and application. The division of economic research into micro– and macro–levels is studied: political economy, macroeconomics, microeconomics, method of analysis and synthesis, methods of abstraction and concretization. Concrete–scientific (empirical) methods of scientific cognition are studied, they are: theoretical methods, formalization, axiomatization, hypothetical method, creation of theory. It is established that the methodological techniques by which specific scientific research is conducted are formed on the basis of general scientific methods and reflect the features of the science through which they are created. These are observation (approbation of substantiation of the put forward hypotheses or intermediate results of research with use of the axiomatized knowledge about object, and also practices of its functioning), experiment (scientifically set experiment according to the purpose of research for check of results of theoretical researches) and introduction of results of research. methodical methods of realization of results of scientific research in practical activity of people).

The article is devoted to the substantiation of the urgency of separation of the memorial direction in library research and development of library activity, connected with realization of the memory policy, the introduction of the appropriate course in the program of training of future specialists of library business. Emphasis is focused on increasing of scientific attention to the study of historical memory, especially culture memory and identity in the context of the transition to the information society, highlighting the organizational design of this research area in the form of appropriate research centres and the Memory Studies Association. Within the framework of the structuralfunctional method and from the standpoint of the connection between the concepts of "collective memory", "historical memory", "cultural memory", there has been stated libraries participation in the formation and preservation different kinds of social memory through the realization of such essential functions of libraries as memorial, cumulative, informational and communicative. The relevance of the intensification of research into the memory studies within the framework of librarianship is substantiated. Prospective directions of interaction between the Ukrainian Library Association and the Ukrainian Institute of National Memory are offered with the aim of comprehensively uncovering commemorative potential of libraries and their more active involvement in the implementation of memory policy. The foreign experience of organizing relevant interdisciplinary programs and training courses for the preparation of master's students has been revealed. The orientational structure of the course "Culture, memory, identity" for students of master's level of specialty 029 "Information, library and archives" is offered, the study of which will allow students to analyze, identify, describe the processes of constructing of historical memory and cultural identity, critically to comprehend relevant scientific texts, to identify and critically evaluate ...

Goal: The formation of structural system model of military-applied physical cadets training of higher military institutions. Material and methods: scientific, managerial and documentary sources. Results: Usage of the basic theory tenets of outrunning reality reflection lets us to define the main structural model's characteristics and components (directionally informative, functional implementing, effective) of military-applied system of cadets physical training in the higher military school. This model, reflecting the interaction of its two major subsystems (subject and object of training and education), reasonably formed with respect to the direction of the educational process for outstripping cadets adapt to the specific mode of future professional activity. Usage of certain provisions (on the study results) reflected during the programmed stages of learning: adaptive, base-formational, fixing, realizable. Conclusions: The structural system model of military-applied physical training that was developed, marked the beginning of practical realization of its content component in the cadets educational process of higher military educational institutions. ; Цель: формирование структурной модели системы военно-прикладной физической подготовки курсантов высших военных учебных заведений. Материал и методы: анализ научных, руководящих и документальных источников. Результаты: использование основных положений теории опережающего отражения действительности обеспечило определение основных черт и компонентов (направленно-содержательный, функционально-реализующий, результативный) структурной модели военно-прикладной системы физической подготовки курсантов высшей военной школы. Эта модель, отражая взаимодействие ее двух основных подсистем (субъекта и объекта обучения и воспитания), обоснованно сформирована с учетом направления учебно-воспитательного процесса на опережающую адаптацию курсантов к специфическому режиму будущей профессиональной деятельности. Использование определенных по результатам проведенных исследований положений отражено в ходе запрограммированного прохождения этапов обучения: адаптационного, базово-формирующего, закрепляющего, реализационного. Выводы: разработанная структурная модель системы военно-прикладной физической подготовки стала началом практической реализации ее содержательной составляющей в учебно-воспитательном процессе курсантов высших военных учебных заведений. ; Мета: формування структурної моделі системи військово-прикладної фізичної підготовки курсантів вищих військових навчальних закладів. Матеріал і методи: аналіз наукових, керівних та документальних джерел. Результати: застосування основних положень теорії випереджаючого відображення дійсності забезпечило визначення основних рис та компонентів (спрямовано-змістовий, функціонально-реалізуючий, результативний) структурної моделі військово-прикладної системи фізичної підготовки курсантів вищої військової школи. Ця модель, відображаючи взаємодію її двох основних підсистем (суб'єкта й об'єкта навчання та виховання), обґрунтовано сформована з урахуванням спрямування навчально-виховного процесу на випереджуючу адаптацію курсантів до специфічного режиму майбутньої професійної діяльності. Використання визначених за результатами проведених досліджень положень відображено у ході запрограмованого проходження етапів навчання: адаптаційного, базово-формуючого, закріплюючого, реалізаційного. Висновки: розроблена структурна модель системи військово-прикладної фізичної підготовки постала початком практичної реалізації її змістової складової у навчально-виховному процесі курсанті вищих військових навчальних закладів.

Практичне значення роботи полягає у: розробці методики для самостійних занять фізичною культурою жінок-військовослужбовців Національної гвардії України, в експериментальному обґрунтуванні загальнорозвиваючих вправ для розвитку професійно важливих фізичних якостей жінок-військовослужбовців. В даній роботі зовсiм новими є вiдомостi про професійно-прикладну фізичну підготовку жінок-військовослужбовців. Науковий пошук спрямовано на досягнення поставленої мети, систематизації та класифікації науково-педагогічної літератури, законодавчих актів України, із застосуванням теоретичних і практичних підходів до предмету дослідження, з урахуванням і використанням як відомих, так і нових, авторських методик, досягнень різних наукових галузей – філософії, психології, педагогіки, що дозволило обґрунтувати систему занять жінок-військовослужбовців у процесі професійно-прикладної фізичної. ; The practical significance of the work is: development of methods for independent physical education of women servicemen of the National Guard of Ukraine, in the experimental substantiation of general developmental exercises for the development of professionally important physical qualities of women servicemen. In this work, information on professional and applied physical training of women servicemen is completely new. Scientific research is aimed at achieving the goal, systematization and classification of scientific and pedagogical literature, legislation of Ukraine, using theoretical and practical approaches to the subject, taking into account and using both known and new, author's methods, achievements of various scientific fields - philosophy, psychology, pedagogy, which allowed to justify the system of occupations of women - servicemen in the process of professional - applied physical.

The author of the article conducts a comparative analysis of the previous and existing criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine regarding the procedural institution of starting criminal proceedings. Certain gaps and inconsistencies in the current criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine on these issues which cause justifiable complaints from all participants in the criminal proceedings are identified. The author analyses genesis, individual scientific points of view and the state of discussion among scientists and practitioners in this direction, as a result of which it is established that the problematic issues raised in the article are not resolved theoretically and in an applied aspect, including the previous and in the current criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine. In the context of the issue under consideration, the legislation of foreign countries is examined including post-Soviet states, Anglo-American and Roman-German legal families. As a result, many Ukrainian scientists have concluded that the foreign experience cannot be applied in national legislation without taking into account the national peculiarities of the legal system of Ukraine, the historical traditions of state construction, the level of professionalism and legal awareness of those who apply legislation, the mentality of the population and

other factors. Moreover, the author pays paid attention to the study of discussion questions on the grounds and reasons for resolving the procedural problem of issuing a resolution when instituting criminal proceedings and when making statements and reports on committed criminal offenses in to the single register of pre-trial investigations, as well as refusing to register on these issues. The author makes some suggestions for improving the existing criminal procedural legislation and the regulatory framework in the context of the issues discussed.

T he article contains an analysis of the major lessons of Immanuel Kant's philosophical project of perpetual peace in the context of development of contemporary political systems and international order. The author reviews the history of philosophical and legal accounts of perpetual peace, as well as the political context of Kant's project. The third part of the article offers a detailed analysis of Kant's proposals with regard to the institutional construction of constitutional republics and of a global federation of peoples. The author concludes that from the perspective of the 'second Modernity,' the experience of early Modern philosophers might assist in resuming a more active dialogue between philosophers and political leaders, as well as inviting contemporary philosophers to take a leadership role in the institutional construction of preconditions for civil peace and the prevention of wars in Eastern Europe.Keywords: Enlightenment, peace, Modernity, second modernity, Kant, progress, contemporaneity, de-modernization, Ukraine, post-Soviet society ; У статті розглянуто основні уроки кантівського філософського про-єкту вічного миру в контексті становлення Модерну з його полі-тичними системами і міжнародним ладом. Автор аналізує історію філософських і політико-правових позицій у розвитку ідеї вічного миру, а також історико-політичний контекст Кантового проєкту. У третій ча-стині статті подано аналіз пропозицій Канта щодо інстуціонального об-лаштування вічного миру, розвитку конституційних республік і світової федерації народів. Автор висновує, що в ситуації «другого Модерну» дос-від ранньомодерних філoсофських пошуків спонукає сучасних філософів до активного діялогу з державними діячами, а також до лідерства в інсти-туціональній розбудові передумов громадського миру і попередження воєн у східно-европейському реґіоні.Ключові слова: Просвітництво, мир, модерн, другий модерн, модерність, Кант, прогрес, сучасність, знесучаснення, демодернізація, Україна, постра-дянські суспільства

Статья рассматривает методику практического применения феномена коммуникативного имиджа на примере авторского курса «Коммуникация успеха» и с опорой на тексты выступлений лидеров общества объяснена структура проявления и анализа имиджу говорящего. Коммуникативные способности и лидерские компетенции рассмотрены как ключевые навыки успешного человека, подано особенности их проявления в структуре коммуникативного имиджа личности. ; У статті розглянуто методику практичного застосування феномену комунікативного іміджу. На прикладі авторського курсу «Комунікація успіху» та з опорою на тексти виступів лідерів суспільства пояснено структуру прояву й аналізу іміджу мовця. Комунікативні здібності та лідерські компетенції розглянуто як ключові навички успішної людини; подано особливості їх прояву у структурі комунікативного іміджу особистості. ; The paper presents methods of practical application of a communicative image phenomenon. Grounding on the sample of the university course «Communication of Success» as well as on the texts of public leaders' speeches the survey discloses the structure of objectivation and analyzing of a speaker's communicative image. Communicative skills and leader's competences are presented as the basic skills of a successful person. Surveying the communicative image phenomenon was the goal of our 2009-2013 research. The applied aspect of the latter has been employed in the book «Communicative image of a President», published in 2017, and our original university training course for junior students «Communication of Success». The goal of the course was to mold basic knowledge of communication, its types, components and laws, as well as to shape the skills of interpersonal communication, persuasion and self-marketing. Correllation between the level of communicative skills and the level of social achievements of a person was surveyed in the works of G.Ostin, G. Searle, T. van Dijk, G. Lakoff, H.Leech, N.Chomsky, V. Karasyk, O. Sheigal, Yu. Karaulov – the grounding fathers of communicative linguistics. One of the basic spheres of practical employing communicative linguistics outcomes is political discourse and neighboring spheres of PR, theory of influence, imagegology. The latter tends to research speaker's strategies and all other lingual sources, which serves to help a speaker reach his communicative intention. Such research helps model speech patterns of persuading, influencing the other person's consciousness as well as decoding the real intentions of a speaker and hidden methods of language influence. The written survey among the students having taken the «Communication of Success» shows higher level of communicative skills, ability to mold own communicative image, sense the correlation between image and the results of their social work.

The purpose of the article is sociological conceptualization of social capital as a decisive factor in the development of both the individual and society as a whole in the context of global socio-cultural changes and social transformations.Research methodology. Methodological support of the study is based on the use of general scientific methods of cognition of social phenomena and processes (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, typology, extrapolation, operationalization, interpretation, abstraction, generalization, as well as methods of logical-historical, systemic, comparative, network and structural-functional analysis). With the help of the logical-historical method the evolution of the formation of approaches to the definition of capital in general, and in particular social capital is traced; method of typological analysis revealed the mechanisms of the institutional structure of social existence of the individual in modern society; method of system analysis revealed the status-role functions of the «intellectual subject».Results. It is determined that social capital is an important social phenomenon, which consists of three complementary components, namely: social networks, social norms and social trust, which are closely linked. The analysis gives grounds to characterize this social phenomenon as follows: first, social capital consists of three key components: social networks, norms and trust; secondly, social capital has a certain structure and accumulates at different levels of social interaction in modern society; third, there are various forms, types and kinds of social capital.Scientific novelty. The value of research lies in the scientific conceptualization of social capital as a decisive factor in development.Practical meaning. The results of the study can be used in the development of socio-economic, political and socio-cultural institutions and organizations.Key words: scientific approaches to the study of social capital; the content of social capital; structure of social capital; types, ...

In the article it is presented the program of applied physical preparation which, to our minds, is aimed at more effective professional activity of officers who were call up for military service after finishing the department of preparation of reserve officers. The objective of the work is to ground the program of applied physical preparation for officers during adaptation to military service. It was developed the author program with logical stage-by-stage structure of its realization which allows by means of physical preparation which are close by their dynamics to professional action to provide adaptation of officers call up for military service (after finishing the department of preparation of reserve officers). For today the author program is introduced into the system of physical preparation of 184 educational centers for the purpose of effectiveness control. ; У статті представлено програму прикладної фізичної підго­товки, яка, на нашу думку, спрямо­вана на більш ефективну профе­сійну діяльність офіцерів, призваних на військову службу після за­кінчення кафедри підготовки офіцерів запасу. Мета роботи полягає в обґрунтуванні програми прикладної фізичної підготовки для офіцерів під час адаптації до військової служби. Розроб­лено авторську програму з ло­гічною поетапною структу­рою її реалізації, яка дає змогу за­собами фізичної підготовки, наближеними за своєю дина­мікою до професійних дій, забезпечити адаптацію офіцерів, призваних на службу (після за­кінчення кафедри підго­товки офіцерів запасу). На сьогодні авторську програму впро­ваджено в систему фізичної підготовки 184 навчальних центрів із метою перевірки її ефективності.

The founder of the scientific school of applied geometry in Odessa was Anatoly Podkorytov, academician of the higher school of Ukraine, doctor of technical sciences, professor. During the scientific and pedagogical activity, A.Podkorytov prepared 15 candidates of technical sciences, 3 doctors of technical sciences. He was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor, silver and bronze medals for the development of 5 automatic installations that were exhibited at the exhibition of achievements of the national economy, he was also awarded two government awards. A. Podkorytov is the author of 27 copyright certificates for inventions, more than 549 printed scientific and methodological works published in Ukraine and abroad. Among them are several textbooks and textbooks on sketching geometry, computer graphics, several monographs. A.Podkorytov edited inter-university scientific and methodological collections on textual geometry. Today, the head of the scientific school "Applied Geometry and Engineering Graphics" named after Anatoly Nikolayevich Podkorytov is his student, Academician of the Higher School of Ukraine, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Ismailova Nellya. The basis of all research areas of the scientific school is applied mechanics, the main areas of scientific research are related to weapons and military equipment. Representatives of the scientific school are engaged in geometric modeling of technical forms and automation of their design process. ; Засновником наукової школи прикладної геометрії у м. Одеса був Подкоритов Анатолій Миколайович академік вищої школи Украйни, доктор технічних наук, професор. Протягом науково-педагогічної діяльності Подкоритов А.М. підготував 15 кандидатів технічних наук, 3 доктора технічних наук. Він був нагороджений орденом «Знак Пошани», срібною та бронзовою медалями за розробку 5 автоматичних установок які експонувались на ВДНГ, двома урядовими нагородами. Подкоритов є автором 27 авторських свідоцтва на винаходи, понад 549 друкованих наукових та методичних праць, опублікованих в Україні та за її межами. Серед них кілька підручників та навчальних посібників з нарисної геометрії, комп'ютерної графіки, кілька монографій. А.М. Подкоритов редагував міжвузівські наукові та методичні збірники з нарисної геометрії Сьогодні керівником наукової школи «Прикладна геометрія та інженерна графіка» ім. Анатолія Миколайовича Подкоритова є Академік вищої школи України, доктор технічних наук, професор Ісмаілова Неллі Петрівна. Основними напрямами досліджень наукової школи є прикладна механіка в озброєнні та військовій техніці, геометричне моделювання технічних форм та автоматизація процесу їх проектування.