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The following article addresses notions of communication of archaeology and communication between archaeology and society in Poland—past and present. The examination of these two issues begins with a presentation of their historical background, rooted in a political, economic and sociological context. Through reaching back to the past of the Polish state some trends in presenting archaeology to the public can be easily traced. Particular ways of communicating archaeology to the general public are deeply connected with tradition and the wider social and political context, all of which have an undoubtful impact on the reception and perception of archaeology—as a science and as a profession. New technologies, through which communication between archaeologists and society takes place, are definitely used in Poland nowadays, however, the ways in which information is constructed should refer to the existing experience. What should be found is some common ground on which new technologies and traditional ideas of presentation of archaeology could work together and create the most efficient presentation.

Bibliography: pages 167-177. ; Accompanied by: Faizal's journey : discovering the past through objects. ; The topic of this dissertation developed out of the 1980s era of resistance to Apartheid. At that time, mass-campaigns produced the concept of People's Education, which challenged established State-structures. People's Education was based on participatory democracy and drew on communities' knowledge rather than state-sanctioned knowledge. The concept of People's Archaeology is a product of that time-period. It focuses on involving communities in the practice of archaeology, beyond the stage of consultation. Within the forthcoming election process, Black communities are to be empowered politically and this empowerment has, in other countries seen an accompanying growth in concerns about identity, cultural property and ownership. I argue that identity politics will be crucial in the future South African society and that archaeology will play an important role in this debate. The discipline faces transformation in the coming decade and education will be critical in this change. In this dissertation I contend that past attempts at popular education in archaeology have had very limited success. Archaeology still remains a discipline unknown to the majority of South Africans. This dissertation explores the reasons for the limited success of these attempts by critically examining the structure of the discipline in South Africa, and the perception that it creates to the public. It also goes further by exploring an alternative to these efforts at popular education through the use of principles and methods developed in People's Education. This project takes the debate about People's Archaeology beyond theory and attempts to implement some of the ideas through two projects, one dealing with an excavation, the other focusing on the production of a popular resource. I explore the pitfalls and benefits of these projects and make recommendations concerning the future of the discipline.

Lamberg-Karlovsky, C. C. "Politics and Archaeology : Colonialism, Nationalism, Ethnicity, and Archaeology, Part 1," The Review of Archaeology 18 (1997): 1-4, continué "Politics and Archaeology Colonialism, Nationalism, Ethnicity, and Archaeology, Part 2," The Review of Archaeology 19 (1998): 35-46.

This paper aims to address the relationship between Portuguese archaeological production and the employment of authoritarian policies during the dictatorship and the democratic period in two specific fields, those of colonial archaeology and underwater archaeology. تهدف هذه المقالة إلى معالجة العلاقة بين الإنتاج البرتغالي الأثري , وتوظيف السياسات الاستبدادية خلال فترة الديكتاتورية والديمقراطية في مجالين محددين ، وهي الآثار الاستعمارية والآثار تحت المائية.

This book provides a broad overview of the key concepts in public archaeology, a research field that examines the relationship between archaeology and the public, in both theoretical and practical terms. While based on the long-standing programme of undergraduate and graduate teaching in public archaeology at UCL's Institute of Archaeology, the book also takes into account the growth of scholarship from around the world and seeks to clarify what exactly 'public archaeology' is by promoting an inclusive, socially and politically engaged vision of the discipline. Written for students and practitioners, the individual chapters provide textbook-level introductions to the themes, theories and controversies that connect archaeology to wider society, from the trade in illicit antiquities to the use of digital media in public engagement, and point readers to the most relevant case studies and learning resources to aid their further study.

Der Artikel untersucht die Bedeutung von sozialen Netzwerken in der Geschichte der Archäologie. Im Rückgriff auf biographische und prosopographische Ansätze soll eine geeignete Methode zur Untersuchung der Entwicklung des Fachs herausgearbeitet werden und eine Alternative zu den traditionellen Erzählungen in der Archäologiegeschichte. Anhand einer Fallstudie über die miteinander verbundenen politischen und archäologischen Netzwerke in den frühen britischen Mandaten Palästina und Transjordanien werden allgemeine Kategorien für die Interpretation und Visualisierung von sozialen Netzwerken diskutiert. Die Analyse sozialer Netzwerke gibt Einblick in den historischen Kontext archäologischer Arbeit und erlaubt es, die Rollen von Männern und Frauen, Politikern, Soldaten, Künstlern, Architekten und Sponsoren bei der Ausgrabung, Interpretation, Präsentation und Rezeption von Archäologie zu untersuchen.

The text aims to discuss the crisis of confidence in archaeology and its possible causes. Confidence in a scientific discipline is based upon the social and individual confidence in the authority of science in general, in some particular discipline (e.g. archaeology), in scientific institutions, but also in prominent scientists and their public statements. Furthermore, the institutions and esteemed scholars who communicate with the public are the main pillars of confidence in a particular science. The crisis of confidence in archaeology is induced by current global anti scientific tendencies, but also by the media and the political support to ideologically preferred non-scientific statements promulgating the "better past" or supporting the interests of dubious investors. This is not an innocent, fringe phenomenon, but a dangerous process that may have devastating consequences for archaeology – the discipline that may offer solutions to numerous challenging questions of the modern world ; Овај рад је усмерен на питање да ли постоји криза поверења у археологију, и ако постоји чиме је она изазвана? Поверење у неку научну дисциплину заснива се на друштвеном и индивидуалном поверењу у ауторитет науке уопште, у поједине специфичне дисциплине (рецимо археологија), у научне институције, али и у истакнуте научнике и њихове објављене исказе. Штавише, управо су институције и угледни научници, који комуницирају с широм јавношћу, основни стубови поверења у одређену научну дисциплину. Криза поверења у археологију изазвана је, с једне стране тренутним глобалним антинаучним трендом, а с друге стране због медијске и политичке подршке ненаучним исказима који идеолошки пожељно доказују "бољу прошлост", или иду на руку интересима крупног капитала и сумњивих инвеститора. То није безазлена, маргинална појава, већ опасан процес који може имати погубне последице на археологију, дисциплину која би могла да понуди решења и одговоре на бројна изазовна питања савременог света.

[ES] En este capítulo se examinan las relaciones entre arqueología europea y discurso y práctica colonial, tanto durante la época del colonialismo moderno como en el actual período poscolonial. ; [EN] In this chapter, the relationships between European archaeology and colonial discourse and practice are examined, both during the period of modern colonialism and in the present post-colonial era.

Digital archaeology in the Netherlands is connected with investments in a new large-scale and innovative Dutch research infrastructure for the next 10 years. Priorities are set to combine forces at a national level in order to contribute to the international position of the Netherlands as a 'knowledge country'. Researchers need to coordinate and collaborate even more to set up a FAIR enabling data infrastructure with limited resources. Regarding the archaeological discipline, the use of formal quality standards and legislation that certifies archaeological organisations to carry out archaeological work improves national collaboration and stimulates the digital workflow. DANS is the dedicated national repository for archaeology in the Netherlands and is launching the Data Station Archaeology, a repository meeting the latest technological standards. Finding and sharing data of high quality facilitates knowledge of archaeological discoveries; a flourishing open access trend in Dutch archaeology stimulates a strong growth in the use of data. To keep up with innovative developments, a growing community of archaeologists and other specialists are working together in international projects to secure the future of European Archaeology.

[Contains 17 chapters] Contents: Conflict Resolution in the Andes (John R. Topic and Theresa L. Topic); The Earliest Fortified Settlements of the South Coast of Peru (Lidio M. Valdez); Circular Reasoning in Mound Building? Large-scale Planned Construction Patterns at the Aguas Buenas Site (A.D. 400–1525) (Alexander Geurds and Denise Terpstra); Rock Solid? Battling Rock Art Recording Methods and Interpretation at the Pre-Hispanic Site of Aguas Buenas, Central Nicaragua (A.D. 400–1525) (Roosmarie J. C. Vlaskamp); Maya Warfare, Sacred Places, and Divine Protection (Christopher L. Hernandez and Joel W. Palka); He-Who-Wears-Human-Heads-As-Earrings: Mississippian Culture Heroes, Reincarnation, and Warfare (David H. Dye); Tempering Practices in a Mississippian Warscape: Ceramics and Technological Production at the Common Field Site (Meghan E. Buchanan); The Functionality of the Terracotta Warriors' Armor: An Archaeological and Experimental Approach (Wen Yin Cheng); Conflict and Identity: The Influence of Male Military Involvement on the Expression of Women's Identities in the Roman Provinces (Robyn M. D. Crook); The Archaeology of Crime and the Narrative of the Recent Past (José Pablo Baraybar); In Sight, In Mind: Unexplored Munitions, Oil, and Archaeology (Landon Bell and Bruce Dickson); Radio Drama: The Tale of a 1939 Radio Recovered on a Hughenden, Alberta Homestead Site (Dale E. Boland); "War Junk" and Cultural Heritage: Viewpoints on World War II German Material Culture in the Finnish Lapland (Oula Seitsonen and Vesa-Pekka Herva); Mummies' Curses, Orientalist Tropes, and the Scientist as Hero: Rhetorics of Danger in Near Eastern Archaeology (Kevin M. McGeough); Making Use of a Plundered Past: Archaeological Investigation at Looted Sites in Belize (Cara G. Tremain); Destruction of Cultural Heritage in Sri Lanka (Nancy C. Wilkie); David is a Goliath—The Impact of Nic David's Work on My Own (Charles Mather) ; The 45th annual Chacmool Archaeology Conference, "War and Peace: Conflict and Resolution in Archaeology," ...

During the last thirty years, archaeology has become increasingly aware of the socio-­‐‑political context within which it is practiced. Theoretical advances of the discipline as well as pressure from the world of cultural resource management have contributed to this development. Greek archaeology, since its beginning, based on academic elitism of foreign scholars and schools of archaeology and on the newly-­‐‑founded state's (1830) need to build a national identity, has barely followed this path of self-­‐‑awareness and social reciprocity and has become less relevant to both the state and the people of Greece. This thesis investigates the relationship between Greek archaeology and the people of Greece and its development since the foundation of the Greek state. More particularly, the social, political and economic role of archaeology in local communities, its public values and the actual aims and objectives of the State Archaeological Service are revealed through the examination of three case studies: the archaeological sites of Philippi in Kavala, Dispilio in Kastoria, in northern Greece, and the archaeological site of Delphi in central Greece. Factors traditionally considered irrelevant to the archaeological agenda are considered. Public perceptions on archaeology and its relevance today, locals' relation to the neighbouring sites and the level of engagement with them and stakeholders' interaction with local archaeology are discussed. Documentary evidence and other archival material enlighten the history of archaeology in general and in connection to these sites. The relationship between Greek archaeology and local communities is revealed to constitute an arena where a variety of agendas are projected and compete. The supreme ideal of the nation as served by archaeology for the moment seems to make the every day battle between conservation and other interests unscathed. However the public good of archaeology, as the legislator envisaged it, is still looked for.

This paper focuses specifically on the ethical challenges to the field of digital archaeology and the concerns of the digital public archaeologist. It considers the notions of digital research and ethical data collection, the social and political tensions implicit in digital communications on archaeological topics, and the possible effects on ethical concerns through post-processual approaches to participatory forms of digital media. Through an unpicking of these framings of professional and public interaction with archaeology and archaeologists in digital spaces, this paper proposes several future directions for ethical research, codes of conduct, and practice in digital archaeology.

Two recent contributions (Oyuela-Caycedo 1994 and Politis 1995) to analyses of the intellectual development of archaeology in Latin America provide us with new perspectives. A theme shared by both is the perception by the authors of a need to distance the development of archaeology in Latin American countries from the overweening influence of Europe and especially U. S. archaeologists.Politis argues that U.S. influence has been tantamount to 'cultural imperialism' (1995:226). He sees U.S. archaeologists as having a history of appropriating and manipulating the knowledge of the past which ignores the local peoples own traditional perceptions of their patrimony, and argues that the U.S. perspective is designed to satisfy the needs of western scholarship but fails to enter a dialog with the legitimate concerns of the subject countries.Oyuela·Caycedo's introductory essay in his book "Nationalism and Archaeology" carries a very similar message. He faults U.S. archaeologists for failing to locate their studies in the areas social and local context, which he sees as leading the U.S. scholars to employ a model derived from "dependency theory" (1994:5), resulting in an overly simplistic perception of the context for the development of archaeological disciplines in respective Latin American countries.

In its modern form, information literacy was named by Zurkowski (1974), but humans have been creating and using information landscapes since prehistory. Lloyd (2010, 9-10) describes these landscapes as "intersubjectively created spaces that have resulted from human interaction, in which information is created and shared and eventually sediments as knowledge." It can be surmised that evidence of these landscapes, even from centuries ago, should be visible in the present, including the physical structures and associated graphical and discursive maps (Whitworth 2020) that help users navigate the space and communicate practices to others. This presentation discusses an archaeological study of information landscapes both ancient and modern, based on questions such as: •What is the form of the landscape? •What practices are evident within this landscape? How do these make learning possible? •How is authority distributed over these practices? •Who has stewarded the landscape? •What knowledge 'sediments out' of these landscapes as they have been deposited? •How have these landscapes been made sustainable? Two landscapes will be examined in detail. First, medieval world maps, including the Map Room at the Vatican and the Mappa Mundi at Hereford, UK. These maps are oriented to helping users navigate not only the geographical landscape but the landscape of ecclesiastical authority and power. Second, the landscape emerging from the Legacies of British Slavery project (https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/). This is an example of how research and mapping conducted in the present time has revealed landscapes that were significant, but obscured by politics and power, both 200 years ago and in the present. This study shows how archaeology, in its own right, is a significant expression of information literacy. In summary, investigating landscapes and maps in this way reveals how IL can be developed through a critical pedagogy of place (Gruenewald 2008).

This thesis examines the impact of the democratic promises of Internet communication technologies, social, and participatory media on the practice of public archaeology. It is focused on work within archaeological organisations in the UK in commercial archaeology, higher education, local authority planning departments and community settings, as well the voluntary planning departments and community settings, as well the voluntary archaeology sector archaeology sector . This work has taken an innovative approach to the subject matter through its use of a Grounded Theory method for data collection and analysis, and the use of a combination of online surveys, case studies and email questionnaires in order to address the following issues: the provision of authoritative archaeological information online; barriers to participation; policy and organisational approaches to evaluating success and archiving; community formation and activism, and the impact of digital inequalities and literacies. This thesis is the first overarching study into the use of participatory media in archaeology. It is an important exploration of where and how the profession is creating and managing digital platforms, and the expanding opportunities for networking and sharing information within the discipline, against a backdrop of rapid advancement in the use of Internet technologies within society. This work has made significant contributions to debates on the practice and impact of public archaeology. It has shown that archaeologists do not yet fully understand the complexities of Internet use and issues of digital literacy, the impact of audience demographics or disposition towards participation in online projects. It has shown that whilst recognition of democratic participation is not, on the whole, undertaken through a process of actively acknowledging responses to archaeological information, there remains potential for participatory media to support and accommodate these ideals. This work documents a period of great change within the practice of archaeology in the UK, and concludes with the observation that it is vital that the discipline undertake research into online audiences for archaeological information if we are to create sustainable digital public archaeologies.